...| c. | most people in poorer countries do not have enough goods. | d. | goods are so expensive that only the rich can afford it. | ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Full: 3 | Mic: 3 TOP: Scarcity TYP: RE 2. When economists say goods are scarce, they mean: a. | consumers are too poor to afford the goods and services available. | b. | consumers are unwilling to buy goods unless they have very low prices. | c. | goods are generally freely available from nature in most countries. | d. | the desire for goods and services exceeds our ability to produce them with the limited resources available. | ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Full: 3 | Mic: 3 TOP: Scarcity TYP: SA 3. Scarcity is a problem: a. | measured by the amount of goods available. | b. | of the poor, but not the rich. | c. | because human wants are unlimited while resources are limited. | d. | only in industrialized economies. | ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Full: 3 | Mic: 3 TOP: Scarcity TYP: RE 4. Scarcity can be eliminated if: a. | people satisfy needs rather than wants. | b. | sufficient new resources were discovered. | c. | output of goods and services were increased. | d. | none of these. | ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Full: 3 | Mic: 3 TOP: Scarcity TYP: RE 5. Scarcity is a(n): a. | problem only in industrialized economies. | b. | condition measured by the quantity of goods available. | c. |...
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...Quantitative Association Rule Mining Using Information-Theoretic Approach Mary Minge University of Computer Studies, Lashio dimennyaung@gmail.com Abstract Quantitative Association Rule (QAR) mining has been recognized an influential research problem due to the popularity of quantitative databases and the usefulness of association rules in real life. Unlike Boolean Association Rules (BARs), which only consider boolean attributes, QARs consist of quantitative attributes which contain much richer information than the boolean attributes. To develop a data mining system for huge database composed of numerical and categorical attributes, there exists necessary process to decide valid quantization of the numerical attributes. One of the main problems is to obtain interesting rules from continuous numeric attributes. In this paper, the Mutual Information between the attributes in a quantitative database is described and normalization on the Mutual Information to make it applicable in the context of QAR mining is devised. It deals with the problem of discretizing continuous data in order to discover a number of high confident association rules, which cover a high percentage of examples in the data set. Then a Mutual Information graph (MI graph), whose edges are attribute pairs that have normalized Mutual Information no less than a predefined information threshold is constructed. The cliques in the MI graph represent a majority of the frequent itemsets. Keywords: Quantitative...
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...middle. In the axils appear numerous involucres, purplish or greenish, dense, axillary, short stalk clusters or crowded cymes, about 1 mm long. The capsules are broadly ovoid, hairy, three-angled, about 1.5 cm. The small green flowers constitute the inflourescence characteristics of the euphorbias. The stem and the leaves produce white or milky juice when cut (Lind and Tallantire, 1971;Anonymous 2005). In some parts of Africa, extract of the plant are used in the treatment of asthma and respiratory tract inflammations (Kokwaro, 1993). The plant contains relatively abundant white latex. The white latex is capable of causing dermatitis (Oliver, 1960). The plant shows antibiotic activity (Sofowora, 1993). Upon reading some medical research studies on Euphorbia hirta...
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...- DRAFT - International Dimensions of Ethics Education in Science and Engineering Case Study Series Bhopal Plant Disaster – Situation Summary by MJ Peterson Revised March 20, 2009 During the night of 2-3 December 1984, a leak of some 40 tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas mixed with unknown other gasses from a chemical plant owned and operated by Union Carbide (India) Limited, a partly-owned subsidiary of the US-based Union Carbide Corporation, caused one of the highest-casualty industrial accidents of the 20th century. At least 2000 people died immediately and another 200,000 to 300,000 suffered respiratory and other injuries of varying severity. Property damage consisted mainly of contamination to nearby areas by various chemical residues. The defoliation of trees immediately afterward is clearly attributable to the gas leak; contamination in the nearby settlements may have multiple sources, the contamination of the plant site resulted from many years of general production activity. India’s Economic Ambitions When India attained independence from Great Britain in 1947, its new political leaders wanted to make the country wealthier by encouraging development of modern industry. It had strong support from the citizens, who generally agreed that India’s current lack of industrialization and economic development were the result of these colonial-era policies. Thus the new government could expect widespread support for any policy that appeared to set the country...
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...Aacknowledgement First of all I like to thank God almighty who authorise me to research on this topic. I submit my sincere thanks to my supervisor Medhat Khattar for his valuable presence, time, effort, guidance and help to complete this dissertation. My dissertation would not have been completed without the help of lab technicians Nick and Suzy, I am extremely grateful for their help, suggestions and encouragement. I might want to thank my family for impacting in me a comprehension for the significance of education and an appreciation for diligent work. I extraordinarily value the majority of the penances that were made so as to realize the open doors that I have gotten, and it is my trusts that this proposition embodies what I have realized. Much obliged to you for your dedication, bolster, and affection. I might likewise want to thank my grandparents for the numerous hours of math mentoring as a youngster. In spite of the fact that it may have appeared to be inconsequential, it was the premise for my prosperity and the establishment of my hobbies in Designing. I might want to devote this proposition to my family, without whom I would not be seeking after a profession with an instruction from my university undergraduate days. I also thank my supervisor’s effort and good work channelled towards making me a better microbiologist in the world. I sincerely extend my thanks all concerned people who together with me in this regard. Table of Contents I Declaration......
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...The Art of Digital Audio Recording The Art of Digital Audio Recording A Practical Guide for Home and Studio Steve Savage With photos by Robert Johnson and diagrams by Iain Fergusson 3 3 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2011 by Steve Savage Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Savage, Steve. The art of digital audio recording: a practical guide for home and studio / Steve Savage; with photos by Robert Johnson and diagrams by Iain Fergusson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-539409-2; 978-0-19-539410-8 (pbk.) 1. Sound studios. 2. Sound—Recording...
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...Practical WLAN security Abstract This report covers the basics security standards in today’s wireless networks, how they work, existing flaws and vulnerability’s. We will go trough the basic architecture of 802.11, the security it provides like WEP, WPA and WPA2. Further more we will go trough some practical experiment exploiting the flaws described in the article. The result of our practical experiments show upon how easy it is to break encryptions and deploying Evil twins, even with very little understanding of the security structure. 2.1 802.11 Standards The architecture of the wireless LANs is specified by the 802.11 standard created by IEEE [1]. There are a few versions of the standard with differences in frequency and speed. Briefly these are a few of the current standards 802.11 (1997): 2.4Ghz, 2Mbps 802.11a (1999): 5Ghz, 54Mbps 802.11b (1999): 2.4Ghz, 11Mbps 802.11g (2003): 2.4Ghz, 54Mbps Even when things like speed and frequency differ, most things are the same as the original 802.11 standard. They all are using the same medium access protocol, CSMA/CS and have features for increasing range by the cost of speed. They also support the two connection modes of ad-hoc and infrastructure, but since this reports is about practical WLAN security we'll not go any further in on that and just care about the infrastructure mode. 1. Introduction Where ever you go, either it’s an workplace, coffeeshop, library or even a park there is a high chance today that...
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...POWER Serena Ng Pierre Perron y This Draft: February 1998 It is widely known that when there are negative moving average errors, a high order augmented autoregression is necessary for unit root tests to have good size, but that information criteria such as the AIC and BIC tend to select a truncation lag that is very small. Furthermore, size distortions increase with the number of deterministic terms in the regression. We trace these problems to the fact that information criteria omit important biases induced by a low order augmented autoregression. We consider a class of Modi ed Information Criteria MIC , de ned as mink ln^ 2 + CT T k + k =T, where T k accounts for the fact that the bias in k the sum of the autoregressive coe cients is highly dependent on k. Using a local asymptotic framework in which the root of an MA 1 process is local to -1, we show that the MIC allows for added dependence between k and the number of deterministic terms in the regression. Most importantly, the k selected by the recommended MAIC with CT = 2 is such that both its level and rate of increase with the sample size are desirable for unit root tests in the local asymptotic framework, whereas the AIC, MBIC and especially the BIC with CT = ln T are less attractive in at least one dimension. In monte-carlo experiments, the MAIC is found to yield huge size improvements to the DF GLS and the feasible point optimal PT test developed in Elliott, Rothenberg and Stock 1996 . We also extend the...
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...Career Choice: Network and Computer Systems Administrator Business and Writing for the IT Professional July 26, 2009 Abstract A network and systems administrator is responsible for network security, installing new applications, implementing software updates, monitoring the integrity of the system, developing management programs, and performing routine backups. As has been noted throughout my research, there has been a decline in technology majors throughout the past couple of years, thus affecting the job market. The survey that was conducted on high school seniors, as well as research done by some universities, has proven that lack of information and interest affects this type of career choice. By properly informing potential technology students and offering them resources, we can better equip our future system and network administrators to perform to their potential. Topic Proposal Author Background An interest in computers came to my attention shortly after graduating from high school. I first involved myself in working with cameras and fixing them for several customers. The satisfying knowledge that I gained came from realizing that I could take apart, fix a piece of technology and do it well. Computers as a hobby came only after my brother gave me one to fix and keep for my use. Although I was daunted at first, I took apart and drew diagrams, to remember where the components where located. I had no previous experience from computers that I had learned...
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...MIGRATION, MAINSTREAMING, EDUCATION AND HEALTH 1 ***Draft 2B*** Introduction If well-managed, migration has been recognized by the UN System-wide Task Team’s report Post 2015 Agenda: Realizing the Future We Want for All as an important tool “to ensure that globalization becomes a positive force for all the world’s peoples of present and future generations”. Migration can be an enabler of human development by enhancing people’s income, health and education. An improved standard of education and of physical, mental and social wellbeing not only empowers migrants, but also allows them to substantially contribute towards the social and economic development of their home communities and host societies. However, this can only happen when the rights and wellbeing of all those affected by migration are fulfilled and they are recognized as “positive agents of innovation with human rights.” The post-2015 development agenda concerns more than anyone the generation being born now. Healthy, safe and well-educated children are the cornerstone of thriving societies, sustainable growth and proper management of natural resources. For over a decade, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have widely benefited children, both boys and girls, and young people. However, “there is major unfinished business as well as emerging and neglected issues that must be addressed boldly in the post-2015 development agenda, to ensure a world fit for children”. 2 One of the flaws of the MDGs is that by relying...
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...Slexipedia: Word Formation and Social Use 3.1 Introduction In his publication A Glossary of Netspeak and Textspeak David Crystal blended the two words lexiconand encyclopaediato form lexipedia, a word he used to describe the nature and purpose of his publication as "a cross between a dictionary (lexicon) and an encyclopaedia" (Crystal, 2004: vii). For each term in the glossary there is information one would look up in a dictionary, and the sort of knowledge one would expect to find in an encyclopaedia, such as an etymology of the entry and a hint of its sociolinguistic use. For example: newbie A newcomer to a chatgroup or virtual-world environment, especially one who has not yet learned the way to behave when participating in the dialogue. >>chatgroup; netiquette; virtual world (Crystal, 2004: 79) The coinage of the neologism Slexipedia compounds the acronym SL with lexipedia to provide a term to describe the Second Life-specific lexis in my corpus. In addition to providing a SL glossary according to Crystal's method (Appendix X), this chapter investigates the creative and innovative word-formation processes of SL English and Arabic vocabulary by its residents. Since use of vocabulary reflects identity (Crystal, 2001; Benwell and Stokoe, 2006; Boellstorff, 2008), the final concern of this chapter is the manner in which these SL terms are used in conversational interaction inworld, to reflect the social purposes and circumstances in which these words are...
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...Why should our elementary school children study history? There is no doubt that the primary purpose of schooling is to prepare students to function effectively in the world, and thereby to assist society to function effectively as well. We study the past in school not because students need to know a collection of old facts, but because history helps them understand how the world works and how human beings behave. Knowledge of the past is required for understanding present realities. When people share some common knowledge of history, they can discuss their understandings with one another. What does history give?Human self-awareness is the very essence of history. Arnold Toynbee said, “History is a search for light on the nature and destiny of man.” R.G. Collingwood wrote, “History is for human self-knowledge…the only clue to what man can do is what man has done. The value of history, then, is that it teaches us what man has done and thus what man is. Psychologist Bruno Bettleheim asserted that human self-knowledge is the most important role of education.” Most of all, our schools ought to teach the true nature of man, teach about his troubles with himself, his inner turmoil and about his difficulties in living with others. They should teach the prevalence and the power of both man’s social and asocial tendencies, and how the one can domesticate the other, without destroying his independence or self-love.” Read more: http://socyberty.com/education/teaching-history-is-important/#ixzz21GQnYhj0 ...
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...The Changing Mathematics Curriculum: An Annotated Bibliography Third Edition April 2005 1 2 The K–12 Mathematics Curriculum Center The K–12 Mathematics Curriculum Center (K–12 MCC) supports school districts as they build effective mathematics education programs using curricula that align with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics’ (NCTM) Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989) and Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (2000). The K–12 MCC offers a variety of products and services to assist mathematics teachers and administrators. Our seminars address selecting and implementing new curricula, designing professional development and support, aligning curriculum with assessment, and examining leadership in curricular change. Our other resources include: About This Publication This publication, an annotated bibliography of articles relevant to Standards-based mathematics curriculum reform, is intended as a resource for educators and communities considering the selection and implementation of a Standards-based mathematics curriculum. It also may assist individuals who are interested in learning about the student achievement, classroom practices, and implementation challenges associated with the use of Standards-based materials. When gathering resources for this publication, the K–12 Mathematics Curriculum Center staff reviewed articles that either addressed important issues in mathematics curriculum change or shared experiences...
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...Japanese Robotics Rough Draft Team B Heather Jones, Robert Hiser (Team Lead), George Dyakovetsky (Editor), Jerry Hornbogen, Edward (Andy) Felchak, Tricia Creek November 12, 2011 DeVry University Table of contents Contents Introduction 3 Culture of Japan 4 Overview of Japanese Robotics 9 Impact of Technology on the Culture 12 The Japanese Robot Economy 15 Japanese Robotic R & D Economy 17 Sales of Robotic Technology 18 The Workforce Economy 19 Economic Conclusion 20 Government Impacts 21 Public Projects Impact 22 Economics Impact 23 Technology Impacts 23 Moral and Ethical Consideration 24 Positive Impact 24 Negative Impact 25 Conclusion 27 References 28 Introduction Robots of any style and kind have been on people’s minds since the beginning of the technological ages. We see through time where our imaginations have expended when it comes to think about Robots and what we think they will become. We used to think of Robots as multiple armed machines that could cook eggs, pour coffee, and flip eggs. These robots would mimic human behaviors and motions. Then we see cartoons of robots that gave us dreams of robot maids and robot machines that would supply us with any food of our choice, and have it fully cooked, and delivered through a tube. However, now-a-days, we have evolved to higher technology and have even greater imaginations (Niku, 2001). Although, there is one country that surpasses all when it comes to robots and robotics...
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...REPORT WRITING GUIDELINES ACADEMY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT & FACILITY MANAGEMENT NHTV BREDA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES By Marina Brinkman (Brinkman.M@nhtv.nl) Alinda Kokkinou (Kokkinou.A@nhtv.nl) Jelmer Weijschedé (Weijschede.J@nhtv.nl) Version 1.0 08 September 2011 Summary The purpose of this document is to provide you with information on report writing and serve as an illustration of what your report should look like. The document also addresses the content and style of your report and how you should reference others’ ideas and information. Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. 2. 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 3.6. 3.7. 3.8. 3.9. 4. 5. 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. 5.7. 6. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Types of Reports ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 Structure of a Report .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Cover Page, Title of the Report,...
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