Hannan Awad
General Sociology
MWF 9:00 – 9:50

Final Assignment (6 pg. paper)

Authority in Society.
Authority is the willingness of people to obey the demands made on them by those in power. In modern societies, the ultimate demand made on the population would be to be willing to sacrifice life and go into dangerous conditions. The control of people and institutions by a small number of individuals depends, to some extent on having a monopoly on the use of force and being able to use force to regulate and control behavior.
However, authority is the concept that refers to willingness of people to accept commands and orders and carry out the wishes of another individual. There are three formal bases for obedience to authority that are identified by Max Weber: 1- Legal Rational 2- Traditional 3- Charismatic
There are also processes, events, interactions, symbols, and arrangements, too that insure the authority and increases the odds that people will accept and obey those who happen to occupy offices of authority.
Authority and Social Order.
In our human history, it states that when there is a functioning society, that means that there are larger numbers of people obeying a smaller number of people and the larger number obeys commands from a smaller number. A functioning society requires that people are socialized to obey. We should be able to see the possible processes and reinforcing to obedience to some abstract idea or ideal in all organized societal activities. In general, I think that the feelings and thinking of people in a society will tend toward a belief that their ruling system and society is good, desirable, and its serving is virtuous.

Culture.
Culture is the way you define everything that we do in and to the world. In our society and in our culture, we learn how to adjust to the patterns and the rules that exist before we were born and came to this Earth. Us humans being born into a society with characteristics that are considered as defining are assigned to us and this is something that can be defined as culture. A simple example can be your gender as a male or female and or ethnicity, age, etc. What really helps us develop that sense of reality and the sense of self that will fit in with the prevailing patterns are the reinforcement is our behavior. For this matter, people don't naturally move away outside of the prevailing standards, but the shame and pride we carry as valued characteristics in us humans will show upon and reflect in these patterns.
The way culture works is quite unique. Based off what we have covered in class and learned, there are three basic tools that make culture work, which are: fear, hope, and repetition.
In our everyday life, something new is being presented and also reinforced. We see, hear, and also carry out the judgements that we make about others or others make about us. It also doesn’t necessarily need to be about an individual themselves, but it can also be about something like an object or thing, for instance: a building or clothing. These kind of judgements are the kind that are repeated about the same basic ideas that we should pursue and desire. What will be kept in mind are the thought and vision you have with or without the limitations you give yourself or creating that judgment.
In my opinion, I believe that judging falls in the three basic tools that make culture work, because when a judgment is made or even if you're making a judgment about someone or something, you have to be very cautious and pay attention to the judgement that is being made. Listening carefully and seeing the judgment clearly takes note of how the feelings go along with the judgement being made. Also, noticing what kind of the interaction that gets involved after the judgement has taken place.

Society of Religion. In every society, there are all kinds of different beliefs, recommended behaviors, social ceremonies, and symbols of which are not generally regarded as open to scrutiny, criticism or research into their validity or truth. If someone was to design a society then consider how to successfully organize and create a system of beliefs, there are things that need to be done, and characteristics that are common to all such beliefs. A few things that may lead to success are:
-If someone spreads out a special message that they were told or have been told to deliver. -Presenting sources of a special story that will bring back thoughts of very old ideas and traditions. -The current statues of those who hear the messages delivered differ from one another. -How the source of information is being presented. -The person delivering the message in some sort that may include behavior. -People who accept the story that’s being told, will feel better and sense some sort of improvement in their lives. – Special gathering places will develop when there will be a growth of gatherings and collective restatements of the divine. -People may write things down which lead to stories being told. And if the religion succeeds, then there will be a merging with political power in the society.

Caste-Like Qualities in a System of Inequality Caste members are assigned to tasks that do not increase power, control or wealth. There are a narrow range of options open to member of the caste. Limitation on freedom of action is justified by the label attached to the person in the caste. Justification of the use of the force and violence against the person who goes outside the imposed limits. Labor work of people in the caste do not get financially rewarded. This is inequality. Caste members develop an identity and come to believe that the limits on their human life are desirable determined by nature or God. They also believe that there is a virtue in staying within the limits. What will justify the caste status is the dominant religions and political ideologies of the society and this will establish laws and regulations to maintain the limits of choice. What will reinforce the caste identity in the individuals of that society as well is, the religious learning and the traditions of the society.