...Research paper on Anxiety Disorder Jeffrey S. Fletcher, M.A. Kathleen B. Stinger Psychopathology and Counseling, Coun 656 4, May 2014 Author Note Jeffrey S. Fletcher, Student, Liberty University. Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Jeffrey S. Fletcher, Jfletcher1@liberty.edu Abstract This research paper is designed to review articles and books of professional journals in anxiety disorders, definition of anxiety disorder, review of current and past treatments of anxiety disorders, the new section and changes to anxiety disorder in the DSM-5, new treatments for anxiety disorders and medications for anxiety disorders. This paper will show spiritual considerations for treating anxiety disorders and how religion can improve one’s condition. It will show how CBT treatment of anxiety disorders have not been very successful and how medication has its limitations in treatment of anxiety disorders. This paper will also show what this clinician has learned and will take forward into the daily practice of treating adolescents with anxiety disorders. Keywords: anxiety, anxiety disorders, DSM-5, treatment Introduction When we talk about anxiety we have to distinguish between healthy anxiety or normal anxiety and anxiety disorders. It is normal to have a certain amount of anxiety for instance when one is in danger it is normal to become anxious. To have an anxiety disorder your anxiety would have to interfere with your life in a negative way. Anxiety...
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... SOCIAL ANXIETY A research paper presented to Mr. Fernando T. Tuliao Faculty of the English Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements Of the subject English IV By Ulrich R. Timan January 2014 Social Anxiety For some strange reason, Teenagers nowadays are more likely to be found starring at their Computer Screen, Logged in in their favorite Social Media Site. Is it just us or is it just the internet’s hooking abilities that’s caging us to this imaginary dome? Let me remind you that it’s normal for us teenagers to enjoy being at home while surfing the net, but somehow we’re missing something here; maybe it’s not the internet, what if it’s the teenagers itself that’s being the problem here. Let’s take a closer look. Social anxiety is a discomfort or a fear when a person is in social interactions that involve a concern about being judged or evaluated by others. It is typically characterized by an intense fear of what others are thinking about them (specifically fear of embarrassment, criticism, or rejection), which results in the individual feeling insecure, not good enough for other people, and/or the assumption that peers will automatically reject them. Developmental social anxiety occurs early in childhood as a normal part of the development of social functioning, and is a stage that most children grow out of, but it may persist or resurface and grow into chronic social anxiety. People vary in how often they experience social anxiety and in which...
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...General Anxiety Disorder Andrea Murphy HCA 240 May 6, 2012 Fozia Ferozali General Anxiety Disorder I have decided to write my paper on General Anxiety Disorder because I myself have it, so I am more familiar with it. GAD (general anxiety disorder) is when an individual suffers from a psychological state where they have persisting thoughts of anticipation and fears that are overwhelming their mind and intern it affects the body as well. It is a disorder that is characterized by excessive, exaggerated worry about everyday life with really no reason to worry. There are many types of anxiety disorders which are panic, general anxiety disorder, phobias, and obsessive compulsive (OCD). Every one experiences anxiety at certain times in their lives, it is a normal part of the human emotion. Even though everyone experiences anxiety at one point or another in their lives, the individuals who suffer with an anxiety disorder suffer because the disorder interferes with their daily life. In this paper I will be discussing the history of the illness, the signs and symptoms, how it is diagnosed, the treatments, and how the diagnosis and treatments compare to the diagnosis and treatments of the past. Anxiety disorders is a term that was developed approximately around the end of the 19th century since that was when the psychiatric practice began to become more popular and increased. Even though there is no one cause to GAD, researches in the psychiatric field tend to believe genetics...
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...Introduction This paper provides a brief overview of evidence based psychological treatments for anxiety disorders. It addresses the following questions: • How common are anxiety disorders? • What psychological treatments have empirical support? • What recovery rates can be achieved with these treatments? • How enduring are their effects? • Is there value in combining psychological treatments with medication? Psychological treatments can be delivered in a variety of formats. This paper restricts itself to the traditional, and most extensively researched, format of face-to-face contact with a fully qualified therapist. For most anxiety disorders the therapy sessions are once weekly for 60-90 minutes spread over a period of 8-20 weeks, with homework assignments in between. However, in specific phobias, the strongest outcomes have been obtained with a single, long (3-5 hour) session with a therapist, followed by a briefer follow-up session a week or so later. 2. How common are anxiety disorders? The most recent British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey1 estimates that 16.4% of the population have a diagnosable anxiety and/or depressive disorder. The diagnostic system that was used in the survey (ICD-10) is different from the diagnostic system (DSM-IV) that has been used in most trials of psychological treatments. For this reason, it is difficult to be precise about the number of individuals in the UK who have anxiety disorders for which there is an...
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...Speaking as a college student today, I face the racial ghost of the Jim Crow past, experience implications that African Americans have faced before, and if the trend continues reality suggests that I will face them forever. As my identity of a black man in America, it is constantly being attacked, with many microaggressions I battle outside in the world. Inside, it is tiresome, mentally it is like being paper cut 3,000 times with wounds that heal slowly and being left with scars that never leave. With microaggressions To set right Racial Battle Fatigue is to stop microaggressions in its tracks. “Recognizing and Interrupting” is a remedy to stop microaggressions. By “Recognizing and Interrupting”, includes taking the action to interrupt the oppressive action after it has been recognized. This is very important, because this will lead individual to more of an anti-oppression approach to microaggressions. “Educating Self”, being more educated in microaggressions, and the effects it has on an individual can actually improve skills to handling...
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...Analyzing Psychological Disorders 3/8/2013 Psy/240 Dr. Elizabeth Kindell Biopsychology is the study of the central nervous system and how it affects mental health or illness. In this paper I will discuss the psychological disorder known as Schizophrenia. I will evaluate the brain areas that are affected by this disorder, some of the possible casual factors, the characteristics symptoms, the neural basis and the drug treatment that works. The case studies I have chosen to review are Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Anorexia Nervosa, the eating disorder. I will use the nature vs. nurture theories to analyze these two disorders. I will also discuss the accepted drug therapies and alternative treatment for these two disorders. Part A: Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is known as a “splitting of psychic functions” (Pinel 2001, pg. 467). It is a chronic brain disorder that affects close to 2.5 million Americans and more than 24 million people worldwide. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that makes it hard for the person suffering to tell the difference between what is real and not real. They have a difficult time having normal emotional responses and acting normally in social situations. A person that has Schizophrenia has a significant loss of brain gray matter. Neuroscientist have detected up to 25% loss of brain...
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...experienced some sort of anxiety feeling before an important event, such as an important exam, going on the 1st date, going on the roller coaster for the 1st time, and etc. during their lifetime. When this anxiety start to be an overwhelming thought in a person’s mind and causes nightmares, fears, and panic attacks, it becomes an illness, called anxiety disorder. It is the fear, apprehension, and often the expectation of unspecified danger. It is considered a normal natural response used everyday to figure out whether a situation is dangerous or not. How to differentiate a normal anxiety form an abnormal disorder: The intensity of the anxiety; whether or not the anxiety matches the circumstance. The length of the anxiety is inappropriate to what is causing the anxiety. Adequately respond to make a decision in what to do in that our body has alarm us to some danger. Anxiety is a total normal thing and is experienced daily. But when you have consistent anxiety you should start to worry. Anxiety is a reaction to stressful situations that helps rather than hinders daily functions. If we didn’t have anxiety we wouldn’t be motivated to do certain things in life that could be a good accomplishment or help us out. Anxiety Disorder is defined as the occurrence of anxiety without obvious external cause, intruding on daily functioning. Now I will discuss Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Generalized Anxiety Disorder is the experience of long-term anxiety with no explanation. Symptoms...
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...Psychological Disorder Paper PSY/450-Diversity and Cultural Factors in Psychology Kimberly L. Herrington Due: Tuesday January 15, 2013 People decisions, attitudes, and beliefs are acquired from their cultural roots. Psychology has established social perception results from the individual’s cultural milieu. Social perception is a process that aids us to understanding others as well as ourselves. This paper will discuss anxiety disorder; examine the connection between human development and how this connection affects anxiety disorders. There are several types of anxiety disorders, some of the most common are; Specific Phobia, Panic Disorder, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. A person who has anxiety disorder may experience feelings of excessive fear, worrying or discomfort in situations where majority of others do not share those emotions. Left untreated, anxiety disorders may become severely damaging and may affect his or her relationships, work performance, and or study ability. As more research and studies are performed it has been concluded from severe cases that even simple tasks such as cleaning, shopping or leaving the house is a major challenge. In addition to inability to perform daily activities, anxiety may also cause decrease in self-esteem, drug abuse, and separation from loved ones ( Shiraev & Levy 2010) In the United States of America, the most common mental ailments are anxiety disorders. Statistics...
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...Let’s Talk About Mental Health by Reynaldo Cantu III Term Paper Engineering Management 52 Tufts University Medford, Massachusetts April 30, 2015 Executive Summary I wrote this research paper as a requirement for the class Technical and Managerial Communications taught by Amy Hirschfeld. The topic of this research paper is mental health issues. The purpose of this paper is to bring to light a topic that is not very talked about but is very important. Mental health is something that is generally brushed off to the side, but mental health issues can happen to anyone at anytime. In this paper, I explain that being mentally health is being in a state of emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Small changes to this balance such as life experiences or biological factors can affect a person’s mental health. The major categories for mental health disorders and how they are categorized are as follows: * Anxiety- too much inner turmoil * Mood- major fluctuations in emotion * Psychotic- major disruptions in brain functions * Dementia- major disturbance to consciousness * Eating- unusual eating behaviors The best way to deal with these mental health issues is to talk to others about it. That is why it is so important for everyone to know about mental health so that they can be comfortable talking about it. Table of Contents Executive Summary Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.1 Purpose 2.2 Scope 2.0 Overview of What is Mental Health...
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...Report Paper 2 The article “Why Teenagers Act Crazy” has many interesting and important facts about how teenage kids develop. It starts off explaining how research has proven that teenagers all face rough challenges in their teenage life; for example, trying to fit in, get accepted, and having family issues. This is something similar to how you stated that peer influence and evaluation can be negative. (Natal, 2015) Now the article explain that people don’t research enough about anxiety and fear and that these are two large factors on why teenagers show emotional drama and show crazy behavior. This happens because teenagers have a brain that is programmed to exaggerate fear and anxiety, and not enforce calm reasoning. The article stated that for many teenagers the anxiety came out of no where. That one day the person might have never felt anxiety in their entire life and that by the next day they could have had major anxiety from school, family issue, or peer conflicts. They also mentioned that most adolescents do not develop anxiety disorders because of a couple little anxiety attacks, but acquire the skill to handle these stressful moments a lot better every other time. But it did state that twenty percent of adolescents in the United States experience a anxiety disorder, like generalized anxiety or panic attacks. That can most of the time result from a mix of genetic factors and environmental influences. The article also stated that feeling a little anxiety is a normal...
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...P Post traumatic stress disorder is a term that many people are familiar with. We hear this on the news or read about it the newspaper from time to time. Post traumatic stress disorder or PTSD for short is often included in conversations discussing people who have survived some sort of life threatening danger or trauma. the generalized definition of post traumatic stress disorder is, “an anxiety disorder some people get after seeing or living through a dangerous event.” The purpose of this paper is to give a more in-depth definition of post traumatic stress disorder by examining the definitions that professionals in the psychology and psychiatry field have developed as well as the symptoms, or requirements a person must have in order to truly be diagnosed with PTSD. The purpose of my research is to find the reason that soldiers who have served in wars are often diagnosed with PTSD. There is a vast amount of information and studies on the subject of PTSD, with each professional developing their own definition. The National Institute of Mental Health Defines post traumatic stress disorder as a common anxiety disorder that develops after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened. They go on to say that family members and friends of the person involved in the trauma can also experience PTSD. In order to truly be aware of what post traumatic stress syndrome is, it is important to understand what symptoms or factors the person...
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...Psychological Disorders May 8, 2011 Heather O’Connell Axia College of university of Phoenix People every day suffer from a variety of psychological disorders; there are a wide range of disorders along with drugs that can help to lessen the effects of the disorders. This paper will discuss Schizophrenia, Depression, Mania, Anxiety disorder, and Tourette syndrome. Let us begin with Schizophrenia; this disorder is where a person’s psychic functions are spilt. It is hard for someone to diagnosis this disorder because many of the symptoms are the same as other disorders and neurological disorders. There are several symptoms that can be associated with schizophrenia, but not only one symptom alone can be grounds for a diagnosis of this disorder. The symptoms include delusions, incoherent thought, odd behaviors, and inappropriate affect. There are several different medications that are used in the treatment of schizophrenia that all have their own advantages and disadvantages. There are two classifications of medications that are used to treat this disorder, antipsychotics and atypical. There is a theory that surrounds schizophrenia; it is called the dopamine theory. This theory states that schizophrenia is cause by a person having too much dopamine. The way that the drugs work is they decrease the amount of dopamine that is produced in the brain. Depression is a disorder that is characterized by person’s feelings of impending sadness, guilt, worthlessness, and the...
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...Anxiety Sensitivity and Risk-Taking Behaviors of Working Students Research Paper In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements in Technical English By: Alnas, Kyle Bryan J. Balisacan, Meashelle Jan P. Sato, Shomi P. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents the literature and studies made by various educators which are found relevant to the present study. Relevant, related literatures were reviewed and analyzed to give support to the study undertaken. This chapter presents the discussion made by the different authorities which served as the backbone of the present research inquiry. Anxiety Sensitivity and Risk Taking Behavior Risk-taking refers to participation in behaviors that could lead to an undesirable or dangerous outcome (Byrnes, Miller & Schafer, 1999). Although risk-taking can be adaptive when the benefits of a behavior outweigh the costs or are more probable than the undesirable outcome, it can also be maladaptive when the opposite is true. Reason and judgment are used when assessing risk to determine if the potential gain of a behavior outweighs potential loss (Kahneman, 2003), and research suggests that personality and individual difference variables influence risk perception and risk taking behavior. (Dewberry, Juanchich & Narendran, 2013; Kozhevnikov, 2007). Studies have shown that the Big-5 personality factors (i.e., openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) exhibit different relationships with risk-preference...
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...Disorder Specific Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Interventions – WHM-M-030 Introduction The purpose of the paper is to discuss the current theory and empirical literature for using a transdiagnostic approach in cognitive behaviour therapy and it’s relevance in current practice. I will discuss the theory and evidence for using a transdiagnostic approach and highlight the main processes. A discussion on the strengths and limitations of the approach will conclude the first part of the paper. The second part will be a review of personal clinical work discussing the transdiagnostic process and its hypothesised effectiveness. To conclude the author will provide a personal reflection. There has been a long widely accepted claim for the effectiveness of CBT with prolific amount of evidence for it’s effectiveness for Depression, Anxiety and Mood disorders (Roth & Fongy, 1995) Models such as cognitive therapy for depression (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979), panic disorder (Clark, 1986,), posttraumatic stress disorder (Clark & Ehlers, 2004); and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Salkovskis, 1989) have led to disorder-specific interventions for treating common mental health problems. The benefits of devising a model on specific disorders is the high degree of research and comparable data involved; from that the therapist will be highly trained in the use of the model to deliver the approach for each disorder (Salkovskis 2002). Disorder specific models are seen to be easily delivered...
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...work on feelings of anxiety over health problems and the welfare of loved ones (Hui & Zhihul, 2017). Finally, in the 1980 DSM-III, gender identity disorder (GID) was listed in the mentally ill and deviant behaviors sections, leading to years of conversion therapies, causing pain and trauma to these patients. In the DSM-V, GID diagnosis was eliminated and replaced with gender dysphoria and separated from sexual disorders (Austin & Craig, 2015). These are just three examples of the many concepts of this multidimensional...
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