...GENETIC COUNSELING IN NURSING AND ETHICS Hyang Ko Azusa Pacific University Abstract The current development of genetic information and technique leaves us assignments. It is included ethical issues, roles of nurses, and the responsibilities in healthcare professionals. In order to understand nurses’ role and responsibilities and to provide genetic counseling, two research article with text books were reviewed. There were conflicts within ethical principles and nurses’ obligation. Each principle is important but one principle is superior to others when healthcare professionals make a decision in a certain context. It is necessary that genetic counseling is provided to patients and their family when healthcare professionals deal with genetic information. The two research articles empathized that experienced nurses are excellent candidates in genetic counseling within healthcare professionals by being educated, trained about genetic information. Genetic Counseling in Nursing and Ethics Definitions of Genetics and Genetic Counseling Officially, the terms of Genetics and genetic counseling is defined by Wekipidia as below: Genetics, a discipline of biology, is the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics). Genetic counseling is the process by which patients or relatives, at risk of an inherited disorder, are advised of the consequences and nature of the disorder, the probability of developing or transmitting...
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...Intervention Professor 07/26/2015 Chromosome Number Four The purpose of this paper is to explore the association of crisis intervention relative to nursing and genetics related to Huntington’s disease (HD). The focus will touch on several different topics associated with pre-emptive testing, pregnancy, educational barriers, strengths, signs and symptoms related to the potential of having an aneuploidy fetus. Also, the importance of time sensitive decisions during pregnancy, social support for potential results, financial resources and hardship related to testing. Additionally, the potential for impaired early on-set compromised cognitive functioning linked to Huntington’s disease. Finally, incorporating the expanded role of the professional nursing scope, practice, and ethical dilemmas associated with Huntington’s disease. Chorea a Brief History Huntington-Chorea was identified in 1872 as a rare inherited disorder secondary to “Chorea” jerky uncontrolled movements (Mandal, 2014). Chorea is Greek in origin and defined as “dancing in unison” (Merck Manual, 2015). 1872 the jerky movements were thought to be divine intervention or demon possession that required a type of exorcism to expel (Jumreornvong, 2015). Additionally, with the evolution of genetics in 1983 according to the US-Venezuela Huntington Disease Collaborative Research Project an approximate location of the gene was identified (Mandal, 2014). Likewise, in 1993 the precise...
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...Describe the definition of nursing as put forward by the American Nurses Association. How does it address the metaparadigm theories of nursing? The ANA defines nursing as “the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations” (American Nurses Association website, 2015).The metaparadigm theories of nursing is comprised of four parts: person, health, environment, and nursing. Person: The first metaparadigm concept refers to the patient himself or herself and can also refer to the patient’s family member and friends. Nurses should be aware of this and should empower the patient and their family members and friends to help manage the patient’s health as a team. Health: The second metaparadigm concept refers to the patient’s wellness as well as his or her access to healthcare. Nurses should be aware of the patient’s level of wellness or illness as experienced by each patient. Nurses should be aware that the term “health” is a not an absolute term but a relative term. Each patient’s genetic factor, age and emotion are different from the other patient. ...
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...couple years (Dalrymple,2011). It is a multidisciplinary field that uses health information technology to improve healthcare with the combination of higher quality, higher efficiency and new opportunities. All of which are designed to improve the overall effectiveness of patient care. Health informatics tools promote patient care that is safe, efficient, effective, timely and patient centered. The ANA Online Journal of Issues in Nursing identifies seven emerging technologies that will change the practice of nursing and three skill sets nursing will need to develop to acquire and use these emerging technologies. Table 1. Seven Emerging Technologies that Are Changing the Practice of Nursing | Technology | Benefits | Challenges | Genetics and Genomics | The majority of disease risk, health conditions and the therapies used to treat those conditions have a genetic and/or genomic element influenced by environmental, lifestyle, and other factors therefore impacting the entire nursing profession. | Many nurses currently in practice know little about genetics and genomics and lack the competence needed to effectively counsel and teach patients in this regard. | Less Invasive and More Accurate Tools for Diagnostics and Treatment | Non-invasive and minimally invasive tools for diagnostics and treatment generally result in lower patient risk and cost. | The rate at which noninvasive and minimally invasive tools are being introduced makes ongoing competency regarding their use a challenge...
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...GENETICS CASE STUDY GENETICS CASE STUDY This case study is based on a high-risk pregnancy due to advanced maternal age, genetic test indicating the fetus to have Tay-Sachs Disease and the coping strategies for this family. Rita Trosack is a 43-year old white female, married for six years to husband, Peter, a 46-year old white male. They both work in the financial district of Chicago and live downtown. They have been trying to conceive for two years. They both work an average of sixty hours a week. Rita and Peter were both raised as Catholics; however, they choose not to practice at this time. Rita missed her menstrual period, began having typical signs and symptoms of pregnancy (nausea, dry heaving, tender breasts, and fatigue). The fatigue was so severe she decreased her hours at the bank. An early pregnancy test performed by Rita tested positive. She then calculated her due date as January 27, 2009, since her last menstrual period (LMP) began on April 20, 2008. Rita met with Dr. Zimmerly an obstetrician in a high-risk obstetric clinic. On this first visit he confirmed the estimated date of delivery (EDD) as late January 2009. Due to Rita’s age, the chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was recommended to screen for fetal genetic defects. Rita had the test in early July, which would place her around eleven weeks into her pregnancy; this is the appropriate time in which to perform the CVS. Amniocentesis could have been performed, but this is usually...
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...The Influence of Culture and Values in Community Health Nursing Stephanie D. Patton Professor D 26 August 2013 A 69 year old woman with colon cancer. AS a 69 year old African American female presented to the community nurse with complaints of weakness in the hands and severe fatigue. She also had undergone menopause and attributed these changes in health to it. Her menstrual periods had been very heavy and irregular. She experienced recent weight loss of over 15 pounds over the past 9 months. The patient reported that she had cases of constipation and hemorrhoids. Her last mammogram 12 months ago was normal. The patient has had no screening colonoscopy and is currently taking ibuprofen 800 mg for pain. The patient stated that she did not want to take more meds than she had to due to her religious beliefs. The nurse stated that she understood the wishes of her patients and would do all that she could to comply with her wishes in preparing a plan of treatment for her care... The influence of Culture and Values in Community Health Nursing is the care provide by educated nurses in a particular place and time and directed toward promoting, restoring and preserving health of the total population or community. Families are recognized as an important social group in which values and knowledge are learned and health related behaviors are practiced. Culture refers to the beliefs, values and behavior that are shared by members of a society that provide a design or “map” for living...
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...services whose functionality and warranties will expire long before their credit card bill is paid off. Is there a similar trend reflected in nursing? Is getting a BSN the new gadget IOM is pushing for in an effort to justify a proposed change in nursing that is ultimately a business decission? Is the cost worth the end result? Does a baccalaureate degree prepared nurse perform better than an associated degree prepared nurse? Let's explore some of the available data from recent statistics and research studies. According Altman (2012), having a BSN degree does not automatically or necessarily translate into better wages. Nurses with a BSN degree who choose to practice as bedside nurses may not see a financial reward. However, there are other benefits which can make the education increase in value. BSN nurses have a greater opportunity to advance in their career and apply their professional knowledge to enhance the quality of patient care. For those desiring to pursue even higher educational degrees, a BSN may be just the beginning toward highly satisfying financial rewards such as an APN. Nonetheless, improving patient outcomes based only on the degree of nursing education seems to be a highly debated topic (Altmann, 2012). "Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce" published by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing listed the results of several research studies which emphasized the idea of a strong connection between higher nurse's education and decreased...
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...The difference between genomic and genetics are that genetic scrutinizes the functioning and composition of a single gene. Whereas genomics address all genes and their inter relationship in order to identify their combined effect on the function, growth and development of the whole organism (W.H.O, 2002). Medicine is an ever evolving process, healthcare benefits greatly from the unprecedented and ongoing work elucidating to the genetic/genomic basis of health, illness, disease and treatment response. Because of our understanding of the human genome has allowed us to customize treatment plans and medications. Several years ago a new drug hit the market, which specifically targeted certain types of cystic fibrosis; it was the first of its...
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...Franco, Reina L. Mrs. Luningning O. Marcelino BSN – 4B, B1 Ageism - also called age discrimination is stereotyping of and discrimination against individuals or groups because of their age. It is a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to justify age based prejudice, discrimination, and subordination.1 Gerontology - is the study of the social, psychological and biological aspects of aging. It is distinguished from geriatrics, which is the branch of medicine that studies the diseases of the elderly.2 Geriatric Nursing - Nursing care of the aged patient given in the home, the hospital, or special institutions such as nursing homes, psychiatric institutions, etc.3 Issues Facing the Elderly Being old can mean being sick, poor, hungry and depressed, even in developed nations like Australia. What are the issues? In Australia, the ‘elderly’ is generally a reference to people over the age of 65. Lots of over 65ers lead healthy and empowered lives, and many are involved in community volunteering. But for the elderly, health can be a big concern. Their bodies are more susceptible to illness, they may be physically frail, and many are on medications which are costly and ongoing. An elderly person who is able to fund their own retirement is called a retiree. This means they had a job that paid them enough superannuation. Someone who is unable to fund their own retirement, and is paid welfare money by the government is called a pensioner. Pensioners...
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...Abstract Advances in human genetic testing have led to ground-breaking discoveries. However, the field is still in its infancy leading to new discoveries daily. This paper will identify and examine the roles of the multi-disciplinary team to deal with a family’s diagnosis of Tay Sach’s disease in their unborn child. It will also include a teaching plan designed for this family and examine the ethical implications of the availability of personal genetic information. There is also a Reflection piece dealing with how I would feel about the family’s decision ad how I would advocate for their decision. It will also examine the ethical and legal considerations of continuing a pregnancy after a diagnosis of Tay Sach’s. Genetics Case Study Family Ethics and Beliefs guide the Trosack family in the initial decision making process but they will need education and support in order to effectively care for their child and cope with the diagnosis of Tay Sach’s. Many resources are needed to properly care for this family and an interdisciplinary team is required to ensure that as many needs can be met as possible. Interdisciplinary Team Members: 1. Case Manager: The Case Manager is essential to planning and coordinating other disciplines to assist the Trosack family. The Case Manager can provide information on care during pregnancy, and also care and resources available in the community after discharge home. The Case Manager can assist in finding appropriate physicians for the child...
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... I find the four major unifying principles formed as the foundation of biology, namely the cell structures, the evolution of living organisms, genetics, meiosis, and homeostasis to be most intriguing. The biological disciplines taught me the significance of responsibility for the protection and the welfare of all living species. The knowledge about the diversity of life forms and their conservation/exploitation is greatly important for our day to day life. The study also taught me the basic idea of the normal organic functions that we consider within the homeostatic parameters. The more I learned about the foundation of biology, the more I was surprised about the mysterious nature of the creatures’ feedback mechanisms. The feedback mechanism is often involved in maintaining homeostasis, with which the body’s systems are stabilized and self-perpetuated. As the result of my biology study at LAVC, the importance of maintaining homeostasis interests me significantly and it connects me deeply with the nursing program I am pursing since nursing work is to assist patients to maintain their homeostasis. Controlling bodily conditions such as blood pressure, body temperature and blood glucose are all related to homeostasis. Nursing knowledge is not only about caring for patients but is also about having the variety of knowledge in terms of the connection between human beings and living organisms affected human beings. I would like to use my...
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...for their height and it is attributed to fat, muscle, bone, water, or a combination of (Stats, 2014). Children who are determined to be obese are those who have an excess amount of body fat and it is not attributed to physical characteristics (Krebs et al, 2007). For nurses who work with this population of patients, special care will need to be taken to address the host of physical and emotional issues that will be a part of this population’s treatment and care. Nursing staff must be prepared to appropriately diagnose obesity related health problems and provide effective intervention and treatment recommendations. Nurses who develop insightful treatment planning will be cognizant of the variety of health complications that may affect the patient in their care and can plan accordingly (Felix et al, 2013). As such, nurses also need to be more knowledgeable about how genetic susceptibility may also be a contributing factor to a child’s obesity (Seal, 2011). This will enable the treatment planning to incorporate genetic testing and environmental strategies in the overall intervention and treatment planning. All of this is critical in better understanding the negative impact that childhood obesity can have an on individual’s growth and functioning. The rise in obesity rates have been accompanied by an increase in preventable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and arthritis (Sargent,...
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...www.med.monash.edu www.med.monash.edu NUR1010 FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY PRACTICE Concepts of health, illness & human development OBJECTIVES • • • • • • Begin to develop their understanding of what nursing and midwifery involves. Discuss the concept of health. Discuss the concepts of human development. Describe factors that influence health across the lifespan. Begin to develop an understanding of the concepts surrounding person centeredness. Discuss the role of the nurse in infection control and prevention 1 2 www.med.monash.edu www.med.monash.edu 2009 Number Nursing Statistics Clinician Clinical management & Adm. Clinical nursing Average age (years) Average hours worked per week Definition of Nursing Nursing: encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management and education are also key nursing roles International Council of Nurses 2002 250,786 29,971 220,815 44.1 47.3 43.7 33.2 39.2 32.4 Non-clinician Lecturing, education and or supervision of new nurses Research Other 25,965 9,570 2,325 14,070 46.4 45.0 45.1 47.6 33.9 36.7 34.2 54 Total 276,751 44.3 ...
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...I believe that the business should not be legally allowed to deny James a job because of his genetic information. Discrimination based upon a person’s genetic makeup is just like discrimination based upon race, gender, or sexual orientation: they are all things that a person cannot control. If this hypothetical scenario occurred in the United States after November 2009, James would be able to sue the company that turned him down. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, which was signed into law in 2008 and took effect in November 2009, makes it illegal for employers and health insurance companies to discriminate based upon DNA (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2015). I fully agree with this act. This scenario is different from cases in which businesses choose to fire or not hire someone based on whether or not they smoke or drink. Smoking and drinking alcohol are personal choices, unlike someone’s DNA which is present at birth. Smoking could hurt others. For example, third-hand smoke on a person’s skin and clothes could cause issues or even death to patients in nursing homes and intensive care units. Because Parkinson’s is caused by either a genetic defect or multiple genetic defects, it is not contagious (McNamara, P., 2017). Individuals should be able to get these tests for their own personal knowledge. Businesses should not be allowed to conduct these genetic tests on applicants or...
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...When going into nursing there are so many fields to consider. Some of them are: Cardiac Nursing, Case Management Nursing, Dialysis Nursing, Emergency and Trauma Nursing, Forensic Nursing, Genetics Nursing, Medical-Surgical Nursing, Midwifery, Neonatal Nursing, Orthopedic Nursing, Pediatric Nursing and many more. There are a range of education options to become a RN (Registered Nurse). There are some rare hospitals that offer a 3 year diploma, but most Registered Nurses acquire associates or a bachelor’s Degree. There are multiple steps to becoming a Registered Nurse. The first is having a High School Diploma; having a high school education is necessary because nursing requires the knowledge of biology, mathematics, and English. The second major step is to obtain an Associates or Bachelor’s Degree....
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