Bioinformatics
Introduction to genomics and proteomics I
Ulf Schmitz ulf.schmitz@informatik.uni-rostock.de Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Group www.sbi.informatik.uni-rostock.de Ulf Schmitz, Introduction to genomics and proteomics I
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Outline
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Genomics/Genetics
1. The tree of life
• Prokaryotic Genomes
– Bacteria – Archaea
•
Eukaryotic Genomes
– Homo sapiens
2. Genes
• Expression Data
Ulf Schmitz, Introduction to genomics and proteomics I
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Genomics - Definitions
Genetics:
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is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. Humans began applying knowledge of genetics in prehistory with the domestication and breeding of plants and animals. In modern research, genetics provides tools in the investigation of the function of a particular gene, e.g. analysis of genetic interactions.
Genomics:
attempts the study of large-scale genetic patterns across the genome for a given species. It deals with the systematic use of genome information to provide answers in biology, medicine, and industry. Genomics has the potential of offering new therapeutic methods for the treatment of some diseases, as well as new diagnostic methods. Major tools and methods related to genomics are bioinformatics, genetic analysis, measurement of gene expression, and determination of gene function.
Ulf Schmitz, Introduction to genomics and proteomics I 3
Genes
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a gene coding for a protein corresponds to a sequence of nucleotides along one or more regions of a molecule of DNA in species with double stranded DNA (dsDNA), genes may appear on either strand bacterial genes are continuous regions of DNA
bacterium: • a string of 3N nucleotides encodes a string of N amino acids • or a string of N nucleotides encodes
