consequences of separatism may be either peaceful or non-peaceful:
The establishment/maintenance of own societies and norms- separate cultural identities within a country
The protection of a language through the media and education
The growth of separate political parties and devolved power
Civil disobedience
Terrorist violence
Civil war
International conflict or disturbances

The establishment and maintenance of societies and norms with clear separate cultural identities within a country (e.g. the Bretons in France)
• The protection of a language through the media and education (e.g. Welsh, Catalan)
• The growth of separate political parties and devolved power (e.g. the Scottish and Welsh Nationalists)
• Civil disobedience (the Friends of Owen Glendauer)
• Terrorist violence (e.g. the Basques, Chechnya)
• Civil war (e.g. East Timor, Tamil Tigers) consequences of separatism may be either peaceful or non-peaceful:
The establishment/maintenance of own societies and norms- separate cultural identities within a country
The protection of a language through the media and education
The growth of separate political parties and devolved power
Civil disobedience
Terrorist violence
Civil war
International conflict or disturbances

The establishment and maintenance of societies and norms with clear separate cultural identities within a country (e.g. the Bretons in France)
• The protection of a language through the media and education (e.g. Welsh, Catalan)
• The growth of separate political parties and devolved power (e.g. the Scottish and Welsh Nationalists)
• Civil disobedience (the Friends of Owen Glendauer)
• Terrorist violence (e.g. the Basques, Chechnya)
• Civil war (e.g. East Timor, Tamil Tigers) consequences of separatism may be either peaceful or non-peaceful:
The establishment/maintenance of own societies and norms- separate cultural identities within a country
The protection of a language through the media and education
The growth of separate political parties and devolved power
Civil disobedience
Terrorist violence
Civil war
International conflict or disturbances

The establishment and maintenance of societies and norms with clear separate cultural identities within a country (e.g. the Bretons in France)
• The protection of a language through the media and education (e.g. Welsh, Catalan)
• The growth of separate political parties and devolved power (e.g. the Scottish and Welsh Nationalists)
• Civil disobedience (the Friends of Owen Glendauer)
• Terrorist violence (e.g. the Basques, Chechnya)
• Civil war (e.g. East Timor, Tamil Tigers) consequences of separatism may be either peaceful or non-peaceful:
The establishment/maintenance of own societies and norms- separate cultural identities within a country
The protection of a language through the media and education
The growth of separate political parties and devolved power
Civil disobedience
Terrorist violence
Civil war
International conflict or disturbances

The establishment and maintenance of societies and norms with clear separate cultural identities within a country (e.g. the Bretons in France)
• The protection of a language through the media and education (e.g. Welsh, Catalan)
• The growth of separate political parties and devolved power (e.g. the Scottish and Welsh Nationalists)
• Civil disobedience (the Friends of Owen Glendauer)
• Terrorist violence (e.g. the Basques, Chechnya)
• Civil war (e.g. East Timor, Tamil Tigers) consequences of separatism may be either peaceful or non-peaceful:
The establishment/maintenance of own societies and norms- separate cultural identities within a country
The protection of a language through the media and education
The growth of separate political parties and devolved power
Civil disobedience
Terrorist violence
Civil war
International conflict or disturbances

The establishment and maintenance of societies and norms with clear separate cultural identities within a country (e.g. the Bretons in France)
• The protection of a language through the media and education (e.g. Welsh, Catalan)
• The growth of separate political parties and devolved power (e.g. the Scottish and Welsh Nationalists)
• Civil disobedience (the Friends of Owen Glendauer)
• Terrorist violence (e.g. the Basques, Chechnya)
• Civil war (e.g. East Timor, Tamil Tigers) consequences of separatism may be either peaceful or non-peaceful:
The establishment/maintenance of own societies and norms- separate cultural identities within a country
The protection of a language through the media and education
The growth of separate political parties and devolved power
Civil disobedience
Terrorist violence
Civil war
International conflict or disturbances

The establishment and maintenance of societies and norms with clear separate cultural identities within a country (e.g. the Bretons in France)
• The protection of a language through the media and education (e.g. Welsh, Catalan)
• The growth of separate political parties and devolved power (e.g. the Scottish and Welsh Nationalists)
• Civil disobedience (the Friends of Owen Glendauer)
• Terrorist violence (e.g. the Basques, Chechnya)
• Civil war (e.g. East Timor, Tamil Tigers) consequences of separatism may be either peaceful or non-peaceful:
The establishment/maintenance of own societies and norms- separate cultural identities within a country
The protection of a language through the media and education
The growth of separate political parties and devolved power
Civil disobedience
Terrorist violence
Civil war
International conflict or disturbances

The establishment and maintenance of societies and norms with clear separate cultural identities within a country (e.g. the Bretons in France)
• The protection of a language through the media and education (e.g. Welsh, Catalan)
• The growth of separate political parties and devolved power (e.g. the Scottish and Welsh Nationalists)
• Civil disobedience (the Friends of Owen Glendauer)
• Terrorist violence (e.g. the Basques, Chechnya)
• Civil war (e.g. East Timor, Tamil Tigers) consequences of separatism may be either peaceful or non-peaceful:
The establishment/maintenance of own societies and norms- separate cultural identities within a country
The protection of a language through the media and education
The growth of separate political parties and devolved power
Civil disobedience
Terrorist violence
Civil war
International conflict or disturbances

The establishment and maintenance of societies and norms with clear separate cultural identities within a country (e.g. the Bretons in France)
• The protection of a language through the media and education (e.g. Welsh, Catalan)
• The growth of separate political parties and devolved power (e.g. the Scottish and Welsh Nationalists)
• Civil disobedience (the Friends of Owen Glendauer)
• Terrorist violence (e.g. the Basques, Chechnya)
• Civil war (e.g. East Timor, Tamil Tigers) consequences of separatism may be either peaceful or non-peaceful:
The establishment/maintenance of own societies and norms- separate cultural identities within a country
The protection of a language through the media and education
The growth of separate political parties and devolved power
Civil disobedience
Terrorist violence
Civil war
International conflict or disturbances

The establishment and maintenance of societies and norms with clear separate cultural identities within a country (e.g. the Bretons in France)
• The protection of a language through the media and education (e.g. Welsh, Catalan)
• The growth of separate political parties and devolved power (e.g. the Scottish and Welsh Nationalists)
• Civil disobedience (the Friends of Owen Glendauer)
• Terrorist violence (e.g. the Basques, Chechnya)
• Civil war (e.g. East Timor, Tamil Tigers)