...Geography helps the development of a society because rivers allow natural resources and transportation. In order to travel, you need boats/ships. Also, bodies of water can contain drinking water and sea creatures to eat. According to Document #1, “Danube River”, by Kay, it displays a river and trees. The river can help with food and transportation. To add on, the land around it contains trading posts, food, and trees which can create weapons, boats, and clothes. Therefore, geography helps the development of a society, by owning rivers which contain transportation and natural resources, needed to survive and grow. Additionally, geography helps the development of a society because monsoons help with natural resources. For...
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...Themes and Traditions of Geography Jennifer Friedrichsen Geography 100 4/20/2012 Dr. Siri Nimal Wickramaratne Themes and Traditions of Geography “Geography is the science that studies the relationships among natural systems, geographic areas, society, culture activities, and the independence of all of these over space.” (Christopherson, 2010, p. 4) Over time there have been two attempts that have influenced the basic understanding of geographic information, which allows us to gain additional and improved knowledge as well as appreciation for environmental changes and the different cultures around the world. These attempts are The Four Traditions of Geography and The Five Themes of Geography. Four Traditions of Pattison The four traditions consist of the spatial tradition, area tradition, man-land tradition and earth science tradition. Spatial Tradition is an “academic tradition in modern Geography that investigates geographic phenomena from a strictly spatial perspective” (Pidwirny, 2006). Spatial Tradition focuses on the mapping, positioning, direction, and distance, the characteristics of the form and movement related to these aspects or the distribution of phenomena. Area Studies Tradition is “an academic tradition in modern Geography that investigates an area on the Earth from a geographic perspective at either the local, regional, or global scale” (Pidwirny, 2006). This is the descriptions of different areas or regions. The nature of these...
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...Nile River in northern Africa are both recognized as landforms. Now to many people, this is what they would describe as geography. People have a preconceived idea that geography only consists of the landforms that surround us, but geography plays an immense role in many aspects of our life. It is not only included in the structures aspect of the earth, but also in the way we have evolved through time. Geography is responsible for some of our physical adaptations that have helped us survive in rigid conditions as well as our cultures and religions, which have guided us in our lives. We, as humans, have a need to provide for ourselves and search for the necessities we need in order to survive. We migrate to different environments in search of these things and as time passes, we evolve. Over time, our bodies have evolved in ways that seem appropriate for the environment we live in. The San Bushmen have evolved with darker skin, which protects them from the harmful rays of the sun. However, certain people living farther from the equator have lighter skin, which helps them in acquiring the right amount...
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...TOPIC 1 INTRODUCTION This work equips Geography teachers with appropriate techniques of teaching Geography in secondary Schools and other institutions. It deals with methods and approaches used in teaching Geography. Be aware that each area of specialization has its own techniques though some are similar. Classes of Geographers – we have two classes of Geographers (a) Geographers with content - those who have learned Geography content from lower levels to the highest levels (primary to university). Some of them are reputable Geographers in teaching. (b) Geographers with content and methodology – Those that have learned Geography content right from primary to the University/Diploma level in some cases they have been classmates in group (a). They have an element of teaching methods for Geographers. In case two, content is integrated with methodology. NB – A teacher’s teaching methods will motivate or demotivate/discourage students from enrolling in Geography. Nature and Content of Geography Definition of Geography Geo – Greek word meaning the earth, graphia – meaning to write/describe Literally means – descriping of the earth/writing about the earth. Thus, there is no total consensus on the definition of Geography. Geography has diverse content leading to conflicting definitions, concepts and aims. Geography is a science of place/space (spatial characteristics). Geography as a science deals with description and explanation of the spatial distribution of...
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...ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Y U K O A O YA M A J A M E S T. M U R P H Y SUSAN HANSON KEY CONCEPTS IN key concepts in economic geography The Key Concepts in Human Geography series is intended to provide a set of companion texts for the core fields of the discipline. To date, students and academics have been relatively poorly served with regards to detailed discussions of the key concepts that geographers use to think about and understand the world. Dictionary entries are usually terse and restricted in their depth of explanation. Student textbooks tend to provide broad overviews of particular topics or the philosophy of Human Geography, but rarely provide a detailed overview of particular concepts, their premises, development over time and empirical use. Research monographs most often focus on particular issues and a limited number of concepts at a very advanced level, so do not offer an expansive and accessible overview of the variety of concepts in use within a subdiscipline. The Key Concepts in Human Geography series seeks to fill this gap, providing detailed description and discussion of the concepts that are at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in contemporary Human Geography. Each book consists of an introductory chapter that outlines the major conceptual developments over time along with approximately twenty-five entries on the core concepts that constitute the theoretical toolkit of geographers working within a specific subdiscipline. Each entry provides...
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...The Five Themes in Geography The Five Themes were developed by the National Council for Geographic Education to provide an organizing framework for the presentation of geographic materials. The Five Themes are as follows: Location: Position on the Earth's Surface (Absolute/Relative). Geographic study begins with the location of places on the earth. Places have absolute locations that pinpoint them on the earth, and relative locations that place each location in respect to other locations. Absolute location A location can be absolute (specific) as in coordinates of a map using longitude and latitude Relative location A location can be relative - examples: next door, nearby, a short drive, down the road a ways. Or, it can be in the same general location as another location - example: next to the post office. Place: What's it like there? Physical and Human Characteristics. Place have physical and human characteristics that make them what they are. Geography emphasizes the understanding of both of these factors and their integration together. Physical characteristics natural environment ( soil, water & climate) human characteristics man-made environment Human/Environment Interactions: Shaping the Landscape. The landscape of the earth is no longer a purely physical feature. Human have impact every area of the earth, but in varying ways. The geography of places is influenced by the degree to which humans have impacted their local environment. Humans depend on the environment...
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...ENSR International 1) What are the pros & cons of organizing around geographies? Service lines? Industries? Clients? The company ENSR is a multinational company with having its offices all around the world. As the clients of the company have dispersed geographically therefore; there is a high need for the company to expand more in geographical terms. Organizing around geographies would help the company to have different and vast exposure with respect to the clients however; it will also require company resources that include the money and time of the consultant. This is a major reason why ENSR always tries to make their business around geographies. Furthermore, organizing around service lines would help the company in efficiently utilizing the company’s resources with respect to desired level of expertise. Moreover, organizing around industries and clients will be helpful in securing clients more efficiently but with a greater level of expense. Moreover, the key accounts program will also help the company in securing relationships with potential and existing customers of ENSR. 2) How could the BDO solution look like in detail? Who would do what? How would the new organization chart look like? Which problems would be solved, which not? Business Development officers are the ones who are engaged in developing relationships with current and potential clients of the company. The business development officer solution was initially implemented in the 90s era as a part...
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...has to work perfect in order for a mission to be successful. We rely on GIS to navigate our rocket and time perfectly where we will end up and at what time. Global positioning systems (GPS) is at the same time, just as important. Actually, my company puts these satellites that are used for GPS into orbit so everyone can have the ability to know exactly what is going on. Knowing location, time, weather anywhere on earth is a huge contribution to flying rockets in space. All of it factors in. There are many fields in my company that allow you to expand on issues of Geography. Many engineers deal with telemetry and things of that sort. If the training relates to work, which in this case it does, then my company will provide it. GIS and GPS is a must within the industry. I think it would be cool to locate where our spacecraft is and track it, then recover it or check if there are any issues with geography such as weather or objects in the sky that might be harmful to our mission. GIS and GPS is advancing more and more every day and the technology we have in today’s world is allowing us to do things we’ve never done before. GIS and GPS applications are crucial in our world because it does allow us to see things before it happens such as natural disasters. GIS and GPS has the potential to save human life and also save Mother Nature. With these two systems, having the database of our world, being able to see every inch of this earth is only more beneficial for us. My company...
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...5/7/2015 Egor Sekuloski UNIVERSITY AMERICAN COLLEGE-SKOPJE Geographic Expansion Geographic expansion Geographic expansion can help you gain access to new markets and talent pools, reduce costs, and perhaps most importantly, provide a robust pipeline to fuel your company’s future growth. A diversified growth strategy protects your company from country-specific economic downturns: You reduce risk by broadening your presence. Further, if you don’t take your products/services global – if you don’t adapt to this ever-flattening world –you are key competitors will. The race is intense and unrelenting, and you cannot afford to let competitors take your place in the global market. Geographic expansion is an attractive business strategy. If you are making money in one city, why not double your money by setting up your business in two cities? Why not expand to fifty cities? If only it were that easy... Growth is the goal of every business owner. With a little luck and a lot of hard work, your business will grow and with it, your need to expand. Expansion can take many forms. One of the most common forms is geographic expansion, or the addition of one or more locations. Before adding a second location, ask yourself why you want to expand in the first place. If your business has reached its full potential at your current location and your growth has leveled off, then adding another location might be a smart business move. However, if your desire to expand stems from simple...
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...[pic] College of Natural Sciences Course Final Exam GEO/215 Geography Exam Instruction: You must respond to the 5 questions posted below. Please support your responses with reading materials or points from class discussions from the entire 5 weeks of class. Each question should include a 200-250 word response. This exam is worth 15 points. 1. How does human culture affect geography? Which cultures do you believe have had the most significant influence on geography? I would have to say that humans affect geography greatly because as we tend to live on this earth we adapt and change things where we go. Some of these changes tend to have great affects to the earth and to others who share the earth with us. We tend to cut forest down which has an affect on green gasses put into the atmosphere, we make other changes which is starting to affect global warming and making natural disasters stronger which is affecting where we live. I do now believe that human culture has the most significant influence on geography because of the way we have been altering things throughout history though we think were making it better for ourselves there is always some consequences to deal with but we don’t realize it until further down the road by that time its sometimes too late. 2. What are at least three...
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...Explore 1 Teacher’s Guide John Pallister Contents Introduction to the series .................................................... 2 Introduction to Explore 1 ..................................................... 4 Chapter 1: What is geography? ........................................... 7 Chapter 2: Geographical Skills ........................................... 11 Chapter 3: Our Earth ......................................................... 15 Chapter 4: Atmosphere and weather ................................. 19 Chapter 5: Our World—the main features of the Earth’s surface ................................................. 25 Chapter 6: Asia—our region of the world .......................... 29 Chapter 7: Pakistan—our homeland.................................. 34 Chapter 8: Pakistan—economic activities ......................... 40 Introduction to the series Explore is a new, up-to-date geography series for secondary classes 6–8. The series covers all the geographical topics and learning competencies from the Pakistan National Curriculum for Geography. Guided by the structure of the Curriculum, from Book 1 to Book 3 the focus gradually switches from local (including the geography of Pakistan) to global (world issues such as forest clearances, population and big city growth, and globalization). However, this is done not by simply following the exact sequence of the written curriculum, but by identifying and developing particular topics and themes...
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...technological change. Such changes inevitably alter the human experience of place and space and leads to shifts of thinking from one population to the next. Over time, cultures begin to overlap and influence each other and this influence plays immense roles in the development of independent nations’ political and economic systems as well as the well being of their people. Lecture 2 3. Define “chorology” and the importance of a “chorological view” to Geography. Chorology is defined as “the study of regions and spaces”. The modern discipline can be traced back to 18th century philosophers: Immanuel Kant believed all knowledge could be divided into either geography (classifying things according to space) or history (classifying things according to time). Geography was seen at first only in terms of exploration as an instrument of colonialism and imperialism. The goal of a “chorological view” is to have a comprehensive understanding of characteristics of spaces and regions. Therefore chorology can be considered as a specialization within geography that allows us to describe spaces and regions through the observation of their particular traits. 4. Explain Ratzel’s concept of Lebensraum. Ratzel was...
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...English 269: Intro to Cultural Studies 30 September 2010 Cultural Geography Project The small piece of property between Torches on the Hudson and Gully’s Restaurant in Newburgh has become a cornerstone of revitalizing the city’s economy. Although it is only about half a mile long, in less than ten years the enormous facelift that has been given to the area has done wonders for the city’s revenue and tourist appeal as well as provided a much needed aesthetic boost to the waterfront area. Newburgh’s waterfront area has a rare appeal for this particular case study because it has aspects of providing a sense of community in the sense that it is often a focal point for local social gatherings, but it is also a place whose very existence is predicated upon the fact that it generates revenue for the city. As a young kid I can remember days where my father and I would drop my mother off at work and spend the rest of the morning running errands while stopping at the Newburgh Waterfront for lunch. By and large the place was decidedly unimpressive. In fact, there wasn’t much to be seen other than the old rickety piers and the folks ignorant enough of their state to trust their sturdiness (my father and I were quite often included in this class). There were sidewalks to nowhere, not much parking, very little landscaping was done, no shops, just a pier and the few people on it. It seemed, when looked at as a whole, very much like an area that had been almost forgotten by the city...
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...What is Geography? Geography is the study of earth’s surface and the processes that shape it. It is the connection between places. Who are Geographers? Geographers are scientists who study the relationship between people and their environments. Two main branches of geography • Physical geography Study of the physical features and changes on the earth’s surface. • Cultural geography Study of humans and their ideas and the impact of human ideas and actions on the earth. MODERN TECHNIQUES IN GEOGRAPHY 1. Geographic Information System (GIS) Geographic information system is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying information identified with positions on Earth's surface. GIS can indicate...
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...Chapter 1 - Geography Matters: Definitions: * Human geography the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments * Cartography: the body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the form of maps * Map projection: a systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth’s surface * Ethnocentrism: the attitude that a persona’s own race and culture are superior to those of others * Imperialism: the extension of the power of a nation through direct/indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories * Masculinism: the assumption that the world is and should be shaped mainly by men for men * environmental determinism: a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment * globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental political and cultural change * ecumene: the total habitable area of a country. Sine it depends on the prevailing technology, the available ecumene varies over time. Canada’s ecumene is so much less than its total area. * Geodemographic research: investigation using census data and commercial data (i.e. sales data and property records) about populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research ...
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