...February 25, 2013 Winds Aloft * Isobaric surfaces slope downward from the low latitudes to the pole * Atmosphere is warmer near the Equator, pressure gradients force pushes air poleward * Pressure gradient force increase with altitude, bringing strong winds at high altitudes * Friction increases from low latitude to high latitude * Decreases in upper atmosphere where wind speeds are high The Geostrophic Wind * At high latitudes, a moving parcel of air is subjected to: Pressure gradient force and Coriolis forces. * When forces balance, air moves at right angles to the pressure gradient, parallel to the isobars, as the geostrophic wind * Winds that move bulk of our air mass around the planet * Heavy lifting of moving heat Global Circulation at Upper Levels * General pattern global circulation at upper levels * Bands of equatorial easterly winds (result of downward air) * Bring air into the equator * Found at higher latitudes * Tropical high-pressure belts * Zone of westerly winds – come from est and blow to east * Polar lows * Lack of land mass and lack of friction fast winds speeds in southern hemisphere Jet Streams and the Polar Front * Jet streams are streams of fast-moving air at high altitudes that occur where atmospheric temperature gradients are strong * Each hemisphere normally exhibits westerly polar and subtropical jet streams. * An easterly jet occurs...
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...[pic] Information on the exam: Unit 3 – GEOG3 - Contemporary Geographical Issues • 30% of A Level • 2 hour 30 minutes written examination • 3 questions: o 1 from Section A – Physical Geography Structured Questions o 1 from Section B – Human Geography Structured Questions o 1 from Section C – Essay Questions (You must not answer the option answered in either Section A or Section B) [pic] |Plate tectonics and associated hazards |Ecosystems: Change and Challenge | | | | |Plate movement |Nature of ecosystems | |Earth structure, plate tectonics theory: convection |Structure of ecosystems, energy flows, trophic levels, | |currents and sea-floor spreading. Evidence: |food chains and food webs. | |continental drift and palaeomagnetism. | | |Destructive, constructive and conservative plate ...
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...ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Y U K O A O YA M A J A M E S T. M U R P H Y SUSAN HANSON KEY CONCEPTS IN key concepts in economic geography The Key Concepts in Human Geography series is intended to provide a set of companion texts for the core fields of the discipline. To date, students and academics have been relatively poorly served with regards to detailed discussions of the key concepts that geographers use to think about and understand the world. Dictionary entries are usually terse and restricted in their depth of explanation. Student textbooks tend to provide broad overviews of particular topics or the philosophy of Human Geography, but rarely provide a detailed overview of particular concepts, their premises, development over time and empirical use. Research monographs most often focus on particular issues and a limited number of concepts at a very advanced level, so do not offer an expansive and accessible overview of the variety of concepts in use within a subdiscipline. The Key Concepts in Human Geography series seeks to fill this gap, providing detailed description and discussion of the concepts that are at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in contemporary Human Geography. Each book consists of an introductory chapter that outlines the major conceptual developments over time along with approximately twenty-five entries on the core concepts that constitute the theoretical toolkit of geographers working within a specific subdiscipline. Each entry provides...
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...Paper-I Principles of Geography Physical Geography i) Geomorphology : Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain building; Vulcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development ; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development ;Appl ied Geomorphology: Geohydrology, economic geology and environment ii) Climatology : Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric circulation; atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and fronto genesis, Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewartha’s classification of world climates; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes, Applied climatology and Urban climate. iii) Oceanography : Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs, coral bleaching; sealevel changes; law of the sea and marine pollution. iv) Biogeography :...
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...studied the history of maritime warfare and empire to develop a strategic outlook on the imperial control of maritime space. Mackinder admired Mahan, but argued that industrialization and the resulting establishment of railroads were shifting the center of gravity for imperial power from the sea to land by the early twentieth century. Mackinder’s pursuit of his geopolitical project arose in response to a challenge by the British Royal Geographical Society to improve geography instruction in the British education system (Kearns, 2004). Framed explicitly as necessary in the maintenance of British supremacy on the world stage, the call was taken up by Mackinder, who dedicated his career to the service of the British Empire. Mackinder’s most well-known work, The Geographical Pivot of History, argues that the political world has become a “closed system.” The age of conquest, in which European colonial powers expanded beyond their borders in pursuit of “unclaimed territories” had...
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...GEOGRAPHY MATTERS BY MASSEY | NOTES | PAGE NUMBER | COMMENTS ON INFORMATION | - "The impression given by all this excited talk is of the emergence of a borderless world, a world of total inconnection. It is not so. This is an inaccurate geographical imagination, though one which is useful to some. In fact what is going on is far more complex. To give some examples of this greater complexity; first at the same time as some barriers are falling we are also building a newly regionalised world of Europe, of the Far East, and of the countries of NAFTA." Using this quotation the complexity is the creation of new types of borders (i.e. while some barriers are falling, others are being put up). What you need to do then, is think about what types of challenges this complexity might create in future. For example, perhaps the challenge will be the inaccessibility and exclusivity these barriers might pose to some. Or perhaps the challenge is the management of those barriers? Another way of conceptualising the challenges presented by this complexity may be to consider the way in which it fosters isolated cooperation or understanding amongst peoples. Does this make sense? The readings cite a number of complexities associated with globalisation - they are present conditions that have resulted from global processes. The challenges are things that we will face in future, as a result of these complexities. We cannot know definitively what those will be, but we can certainly think about...
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...(lab) BIO 101 Biology in Your World BIO 111* Understanding Bio Sys Through Inq. (lab only) BIO 121* General Biology I (lab) BMS 100 Concepts & Issues in the Life Sciences BMS 105 Concepts & Lab in the Life Sciences (lab) BMS 110* Intro to Biomedical Sciences (lab) BMS 111* Intro to Lab in Biomedical Sci (lab only) GLG 115 Life of the Past Physical Sciences (3-5 credit hours) AST 113 Modern Astronomy AST 114 Survey of Astronomy AST 115 Basic Astronomy (lab) CHM 107 Chemistry for the Citizen CHM 108* Chemistry for the Citizen Lab CHM 116* Fundamentals of Chemistry CHM 117* Fundamentals of Chemistry Lab GLG 110 Principles of Geology (lab) GLG 171 Environmental Geology GRY 135 Principles of Weather & Climate (lab) GRY 142 Introductory Physical Geography (lab) PHY 100 Survey of Physics (lab) PHY 101* Physics by Inquiry for Educators (lab) PHY 123* Introduction to Physics I (lab) PHY 203* Foundations of Physics I (lab) 4(3-3) 3(3-0) 1(0-2) 4(3-3) 4(4-0) 4(3-2) 4(3-2) 1(0-2) 3(3-0) 3(3-0) 4(4-0) 4(3-2) 3(3-0) 1(0-2) 4(4-0) 1(0-2) 4(3-2) 3(3-0) 4(3-2) 4(3-2) 4(3-2) 4(2-6) 4(3-2) 5(4-2) GEC 107 (no lab) GEC 106 (lab) HUMAN CULTURES 4 different course codes from these boxes Social & Behavioral Sciences (choose two, 6 credit hours) AGR 100 Food Security 3 ANT 125 Exploring Our Human Ancestry 3 CFD 155 Principles of Human Development 3 CFD 163 Relationships in...
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...Those notes can only be sequenced so many times before they are repeated by a new musician and called “original”. Intellectual property has been protected in the courts systems, but has favored personal interest over creativity and borrowing. In the case of Weber vs. Repp for example, Repp was claiming to be the owner of the copied Catholic folk music stolen to create music by Weber. With help from a lawyer, it is proven that Weber wrote a song previous to the music and songs by Repp. It was demonstrated that Weber wrote a song, Repp wrote another song sounding similar, and then Weber wrote the song in question. This showing that Weber borrowed from himself and Repp borrowed from him. The musical notes played in the same sequence were copied by both composers and therefore the courts dismissed the case, musical notes are not owned by any one composer. It does not matter what you copy but how much you choose to take. The idea behind Gladwell’s argument is that borrowing some to be creative is and needs to be acceptable in the eyes of “plagiarism...
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...Geography 101 University of Mississippi FAll 2010 Final exam: essay questions Please prepare a typed answer to each of the two essay questions below. Your answers are due in class on the day of the scheduled final exam. Each essay question is worth 30 points on the exam (total of 60 points). Answers for EACH question should be at least 500 to 750 words (2-3 pages). NOTE: you may not use the same example for different essay questions. Please be diverse in the examples that you use to illustrate your answers. Be sure that you address ALL parts of each question. Format Each answer should be in the form of a typed, double-spaced document (12-point Times/Times Roman font) with margins no greater than 1 inch. Please include a title page (one for both answers is fine) and a complete and proper list of the sources (bibliography or references cited) that you used on a separate page. You should also include in-text citations for these sources as appropriate (any recognized academic format, such as MLA, is acceptable; for examples of MLA citation and bibliography formatting see http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/01/). Indicate the source of specific data in the body of your answer where appropriate. Please do not repeat the questions in your answer. Please do your own work. Copying from another student’s work (past or present) or any other form of academic fraud will result in failure in the course and additional...
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...Environmental Determinism – A Concept Note Environmental determinism was described by Semple (1911, p.620) as ‘the influence of climate upon race temperament’. It formed a notion that sparked debate in the 19th and 20th century, as to whether human society and activities are controlled by the physical environment in which they take place (Goodwin et al 2005). Scientific thinkers of the 19th century, Larmarck and Darwin looked at the environmental impacts on organisms’ biology and their subsequent behavior. In Lamarck's (1914 ed.) theory, he outlines how an organisms’ shape and organisation is caused by environmentally induced habits – ‘the giraffe actively stretched its neck reaching for the upper leaves of trees in semiarid regions’ (Peet, 1985, p.312). Fredrich Ratzel, although still “convinced of the importance of the idea of evolution” (Wanklyn, 1961, p.19), saw development of societies as dependent on what the land provides. To some extent there are modern day examples of where this is true, the UAE is a country located on land containing vast amounts of valuable oil, in 2009 it exported 2.395 million bbl/day (CIA World Factbook, 2012) – one the highest amounts of any country. Subsequently its GNP per capita in 2009 hit $48,900 (CIA World Factbook, 2012). It could be argued therefore, a society’s development is determined by the quality of the land that it resides on. Debatably there is more to environmental determinism then this. Ellen Semple (1911) looked...
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...Physical Geography Chapter 1: The Discipline of Geography Principles of Geography Geography is the study of the distributions and interrelationships of earth phenomena. Geography is different from other disciplines in that it doesn't have a particular "thing" it studies. Botanists study plants, while geologists are interested in rocks. Geography is defined by its approach or methodology. Geographers describe their discipline as a spatial science. By "space" we aren't talking about celestial space. Geographers are concerned with answering questions about how and why phenomena vary across the surface of the Earth. For instance, geographers investigate patterns of vegetation as they relate to distributions of climate, soils, and topography. Geographers recognize the dynamic nature of Earth's physical systems. The physical geography of Earth changes in response to variations in weather and climate, the shifting of continents, and and the sculpting of coastlines by wave action. By recognizing the Earth system is dynamic, geographers take time into consideration when looking at the spatial patterns of Earth phenomena. Therefore, geographers are playing important roles in understanding the effects of climate change on earth systems. The role of geographers in assessing patterns of environmental change is a theme that reoccurs throughout this book. Figure 1.1 Folded Appalachian Mountains Linear folds of the Appalachian Mountains can be easily seen in this satellite image. (Source: NASA/GSFC/JPL...
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...Chapter 1 - Geography Matters: Definitions: * Human geography the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments * Cartography: the body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the form of maps * Map projection: a systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth’s surface * Ethnocentrism: the attitude that a persona’s own race and culture are superior to those of others * Imperialism: the extension of the power of a nation through direct/indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories * Masculinism: the assumption that the world is and should be shaped mainly by men for men * environmental determinism: a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment * globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental political and cultural change * ecumene: the total habitable area of a country. Sine it depends on the prevailing technology, the available ecumene varies over time. Canada’s ecumene is so much less than its total area. * Geodemographic research: investigation using census data and commercial data (i.e. sales data and property records) about populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research ...
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... - Italy faces serious devolutionary forces on its mainland peninsula as well one is the growing regional disparity between north and south. The wealthier north stands in sharp contrast to the poorer south. - The most recent of Italian politicians was the Northern League which raised the prospect of an independent state called Padania. The Northern League’s Efforts fell short. - Devolutionary events most often occur on the margins of states. - Distance, remoteness, and marginal location are allies of devolution. - The regions most likely to seek devolution are those far from the national capitol. Many are separated by water, desert, or mountains from the center of power and adjoin neighbors that may support separatist objectives. - Note also that many islands are subject to devolutionary processes: Corsica (France), Sardinia (Italy), Taiwan (China), Singapore (Malaysia), Zanzibar (Tanzania), Jolo (Philippines), Puerto Rico (United States), Mayotte (Comoros), and East Timor (Indonesia) are notable examples. As this list indicates,...
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...to harmonize, considering it was our first year learning an instrument. There was no reading or writing when it came to playing the instruments, but with music, a story can be made. For example, half the class would play our recorders in sync with one another, and other students in the class would play percussion. With the rhythm of the music combined, the feel and sound of the music gives the audience a feel of a different environment, such as feeling as though you are taking a journey through an Indian village, or celebrating the first fourth of July in America. As I progressed through the year, music classes turned into singing as well. In order to know the words that we were singing, we had paperback music, which had music lines, notes, and words for us to...
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...through the paper. Halfway through the paper, I saw my friend John suspiciously looking at the class. My instincts told me that something was wrong. As a result, I began to keep an eye on John. Suddenly, I saw John taking notes out from his pencil case! My mouth hung wide open and I gasped in shock. How could John do that! I thought should I report him? The devil in my mind said that I should not care about this thing after all, he is still my best friend while the angel said that I should be honest and report him. After thinking for a while, I decided to report him. I raised my hand and told the teacher “ Mr Tan, John is cheating by using notes from his pencil case.” The teacher nodded his head and walked towards John’s table. Mr Tan said “John! Why are you cheating?” John shook his head to deny that he did not cheat. Mr Tan confiscated his pencil case and dumped the contents out. Out came pencils, erasers and pens. But there was no notes inside! John let out a smirk from his mouth. I was shocked! I thought that there was a note? Just when I thought all hope was lost, Mr Tan found another zip at the pencil case and he opened it. Suddenly, John’s smirk began to vanish. Waves of panic overwhelmed him. The hidden note was found there! Mr Tan looked at John sternly. He brought John to the principal’s office to explain what had happened. On the next day, the fiery-tempered Discipline Master caned John during assembly period. After this incident...
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