...the structure and character of spatial information, its capture, its classification and qualification, its storage, processing, portrayal and dissemination, including the infrastructure necessary to secure optimal use of this information"[1] or "the art, science or technology dealing with the acquisition, storage, processing production, presentation and dissemination of geoinformation".[2] Geomatics is a similarly used term which encompasses geoinformatics, but geomatics focuses more so on surveying. Geoinformatics has at its core the technologies supporting the processes of acquiring, analyzing and visualizing spatial data. Both geomatics and geoinformatics include and rely heavily upon the theory and practical implications of geodesy. Geography and earth science increasingly rely on digital spatial data acquired from remotely sensed images analyzed by geographical information systems (GIS) and visualized on paper or the computer screen.[3] Geoinformatics combines geospatial analysis and modeling, development of geospatial databases, information systems design, human-computer interaction and both wired and wireless networking technologies. Geoinformatics uses geocomputation and geovisualization for analyzing geoinformation. Geoinformatics Research Research in this field is used to support global and local environmental, energy and security programs. The Geographic Information Science and Technology (GIST) Group of Oak Ridge National Laboratory are supported by various government...
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...Features Categories/ Sections The categories/sections are visible right below the NatGeo logo in a hard to miss yellow on black background, just like the logo. The first level of categories includes Home, Video, Photography, Animals, Environment, Travel, Adventure, NatGeo TV, Kids and Shop. When one hovers over any one of these categories, it is illuminated in a different colour with a dropdown box which showcases photographs and article titles about the featured content under that category. Also comes with it a horizontal submenu which gives further sub-categories. Notifications/ Alerts There are no direct notifications or alerts on the website as it is not a social networking or market watch website. Instead all the notifications and alerts are sent by mail to the user’s email id from the Nat Geo website. Integration of Data The content/data in the website has been integrated clearly and quite precisely. Every article, photograph and video has a tag which makes it easier for the data to be classified into categories. The website has a Root structure which can be explained by the following example. Eg. Under Enviornment >> Green Guide >> Green Living >> Green Household >> Vegans and Vegetarians >> The article ‘Side Effects of Becoming a Vegetarian’ Personalization A user can personalize their account by filling in personal details like creating a Username, specifying their Date of Birth, defining their Location, uploading a Profile...
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...Humans have geographically altered the world. Sure, for billions of years, the earth has been changing itself, but humans have done a much faster job. Humans, with our awful habits of deforestation, burning fossil fuels, and causing drainage, are ruining our earth. At first glance, global warming is good for the earth. It would undeniably prevent another ice age from occurring. On the other hand, it would also cause hurricanes, which is bad. Human actions have become the key factor of the earth’s changes. These actions have become way more dangerous than any natural force. George Perkins Marsh, an American geographer, lawyer, public servant, and philologist, took it upon himself to make it known that human actions were changing the earth, for the bad. Marsh, in his book Man and Nature, showed like no one had before the effects man had on the environment and why it mattered. Man and Nature remains today a geographical classic. Marsh compares the earth to a home and man to the tenant. He essentially says man is ripping out the carpets, breaking windows, and letting the ceiling collapse. I definitely agree with that statement. Through the years, evidence of human transformation of the earth has presented itself to me. The hurricanes of 2004, for example, are a result of global warming. The ocean is warmer and the winds stronger, which makes for a very powerful hurricane. And hurricanes, or course, cause damage to homes, cities, and even states. Hurricanes Charley, Frances,...
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...geographical region where cultural traits maintain homogeneity. The cultural traits are supposed to be the product of regional geographical circumstances. It is, thus, regional geography which has become the basis of the delineation of cultural realms in the world. Ratzel’s concept of cultural landscape provided encouragement to geographers for culture regionalization. Blache and Spencer are other geographers who considered the study of cultural realms as an important part of human geography. Apart from the geographers, historians, anthropologists and sociologists have also tried to regionalise the world into cultural realms. The variables of culture include the economic organization, social customs, traditional values, dietary habits, dress patterns, language and uniformity in physical characteristics. On the basis of these variables, various cultural realms can be identified. Brock Webb tried to establish the dominance of a particular phenomenon over the evolution of cultural landscape. He found that the impact of religious values is tremendous over the entire cultural system. All over the world, human beliefs, day-to-day activities and even dress patterns, food habits and social values are influenced by religious messages. To many geographers, religious messages are also influenced by regional geography. A cultural religious investigation reveals that the culture of a particular region becomes ineffective once the religious impact is withdrawn. Considering these phenomena, Brock...
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...Dogon Mask Dance Dogons are from Mali in West Africa. Dogon masks rank among the most respected within the world of tribal art collections and have influenced such Western 20th-century artists as Picasso and Braque, even the Cubist movement. The mask binds the Dogon people to the celestial world of heaven (where the afterworld exists) and Earth, which provides food, shelter and life. An important Dogon tradition is the Dama or masked funeral dance. By masquerading behind masks, the dancers allow the souls of the deceased to escape to their final resting place and to join the ranks of their ancestors, thereby restoring order to the universe. Participation in the Dama is a great honor as it represents the final step in the passage from boyhood to manhood. Boys eagerly watch the infrequently performed ``Dama``, in anticipation of the day in which they may also participate in the dance. The village Elders, who are too old to endure the physical exertion of the dance, stand on the sideline, play the music, explain the meaning of the various masks, and keep the pace of the ritual going. The Dama is usually performed every five years or so. Another one is the ``Sigi`` The most significant celebration that take place every 60 years. The dancers of the sirige mask are considered the most skilled. They use their teeth to balance the 20-foot (6-meter) high mask, which is carved from the limb of a single tree. Dancers swing the mask in sweeping motions to represent the...
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...(lab) BIO 101 Biology in Your World BIO 111* Understanding Bio Sys Through Inq. (lab only) BIO 121* General Biology I (lab) BMS 100 Concepts & Issues in the Life Sciences BMS 105 Concepts & Lab in the Life Sciences (lab) BMS 110* Intro to Biomedical Sciences (lab) BMS 111* Intro to Lab in Biomedical Sci (lab only) GLG 115 Life of the Past Physical Sciences (3-5 credit hours) AST 113 Modern Astronomy AST 114 Survey of Astronomy AST 115 Basic Astronomy (lab) CHM 107 Chemistry for the Citizen CHM 108* Chemistry for the Citizen Lab CHM 116* Fundamentals of Chemistry CHM 117* Fundamentals of Chemistry Lab GLG 110 Principles of Geology (lab) GLG 171 Environmental Geology GRY 135 Principles of Weather & Climate (lab) GRY 142 Introductory Physical Geography (lab) PHY 100 Survey of Physics (lab) PHY 101* Physics by Inquiry for Educators (lab) PHY 123* Introduction to Physics I (lab) PHY 203* Foundations of Physics I (lab) 4(3-3) 3(3-0) 1(0-2) 4(3-3) 4(4-0) 4(3-2) 4(3-2) 1(0-2) 3(3-0) 3(3-0) 4(4-0) 4(3-2) 3(3-0) 1(0-2) 4(4-0) 1(0-2) 4(3-2) 3(3-0) 4(3-2) 4(3-2) 4(3-2) 4(2-6) 4(3-2) 5(4-2) GEC 107 (no lab) GEC 106 (lab) HUMAN CULTURES 4 different course codes from these boxes Social & Behavioral Sciences (choose two, 6 credit hours) AGR 100 Food Security 3 ANT 125 Exploring Our Human Ancestry 3 CFD 155 Principles of Human Development 3 CFD 163 Relationships in...
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...The merger of Belgium-based InBev and U.S.-based Anheuser-Busch would results in various synergies. The first one would be global expansion and increased geographical presence. The expanded company would be geographically diversified, with leading positions in the world's top five markets - China, U.S., Russia, Brazil and Germany - and balanced exposure to developed and developing markets. The combination of Anheuser-Busch and InBev would also result in significant growth opportunities from leveraging the companies' combined brand portfolio and would have an unmatched portfolio of imports, local premiums and local core brands. This would increase marketing power. Global production and distribution network would lead to cost reduction and revenue growth. Considering the highly complementary footprint of the two businesses, such synergies would largely be driven by sharing best practices, economies of scale and rationalization of overlapping corporate functions. The deal would create the world’s largest beer maker generating $36 billion in net sales by producing 460 million hectolitres of their popular beers. It would be close to impossible to market every Inbev brand because of high costs, market preferences, cannibalization, etc., therefore Inbev should use a focused Brands strategy. With such a diversified portfolio the company should prioritize and focus its energy and money on a few Brands and invest most of its marketing money on the most profitable brands. ...
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...Perspectives on Indian Constitution – Subash Kashyap III INDIAN HISTORY: 1. NCERT History books for Classes XI & XII 2. Freedom Struggle – Bipan Chandra (NBT Publication) 3. India’s Struggle for Independence – Bipan Chandra and Others 4. The Gazetteer of India, Volume 2: History and Culture 5. Indian History for General Studies – K Krishna Reddy (Wizard Pub.) IV. GENERAL SCIENCE: 1. NCERT Books on Biology, Physics and Chemistry, Standard IX & X 2. Anatomy & Physiology for Nurses Courses – Evelyn Pearce 3. Know Your Body – Reader's Digest 4. For current S & T issues, latest Magazines and News Papers can be referred. V. INDIAN GEOGRAPHY: 1. NCERT Geography books for Classes XI & XII 2. Indian Geography 3. Principles of Geography 4. World Geography 5. Atlas of World and India. VI. MENTAL ABILITY: 1. Objective Arithmetic – R.S.Agarwal 2. Numerical Ability – Tyra VII. CURRENT AFFAIRS: 1. A good National Daily, preferably the Hindu 2. Periodicals – Economist, Yojana, Seminar, Frontline, World Focus, South Asian Journal, Political and Economic Weekly, Mainstream, Down to Earth, etc. 3. Competition Magazines – Competition Wizard, Civil Services Times,...
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...In this study we will use a Tahoe land cover map as a guidance. We will also two different maps one from 1982 and one from 1992. This is so we can access and see the land changes over the ten years. There will be a series of different methods to properly perform this. These will include a series of different map classification and charts and some scatter plots. Spectral Signatures We can see from the graph that deep water has a very low spectral profile and low reflectance. The depth of the water greatly affects the amount of radiation that is being reflected through the atmosphere. There would be very low transmitted energy because of the depth of water. This is what gives it its unique signature. However, the reflectance is at its maximum at the blue end of the spectrum and decreases as wavelength increases. As for the Shallow water it does have an overall reflectance. This because of the low depth of the water so more light is reflected. He water could also be turbid which as some sediment suspension which increases the reflectance in the red end of the spectrum. Clear water reflects very little reflectance, but turbid water is reflects more because of the chlorophyll content of a water, for example plankton and algae. This gives it a slight green signature. If we can compare the Tahoe area from 1982 to 1992, it is harder to make out the shallow area from the bare land around it. This might mean that the water has dried up because of global warming. Its spectral signal...
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...South Carolina Social Studies Academic Standards Mick Zais, Ph.D. State Superintendent of Education South Carolina Department of Education Columbia, South Carolina State Board Approved Document – August 18, 2011 Contents Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... iii Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1 Social Studies Standards Page Format .............................................................................................5 Grade-Level Standards for Social Studies Grades K–3 Kindergarten. Foundations of Social Studies: Children as Citizens ...............................................7 Grade 1. Foundations of Social Studies: Families........................................................................12 Grade 2. Foundations of Social Studies: Communities ................................................................17 Grade 3. South Carolina Studies ..................................................................................................22 Grades 4–5 Grade 4. United States Studies to 1865 ........................................................................................29 Grade 5. United States Studies: 1865 to the Present ....................................................................36 Grades 6–8 Grade 6. Early Cultures to 1600...
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...has to work perfect in order for a mission to be successful. We rely on GIS to navigate our rocket and time perfectly where we will end up and at what time. Global positioning systems (GPS) is at the same time, just as important. Actually, my company puts these satellites that are used for GPS into orbit so everyone can have the ability to know exactly what is going on. Knowing location, time, weather anywhere on earth is a huge contribution to flying rockets in space. All of it factors in. There are many fields in my company that allow you to expand on issues of Geography. Many engineers deal with telemetry and things of that sort. If the training relates to work, which in this case it does, then my company will provide it. GIS and GPS is a must within the industry. I think it would be cool to locate where our spacecraft is and track it, then recover it or check if there are any issues with geography such as weather or objects in the sky that might be harmful to our mission. GIS and GPS is advancing more and more every day and the technology we have in today’s world is allowing us to do things we’ve never done before. GIS and GPS applications are crucial in our world because it does allow us to see things before it happens such as natural disasters. GIS and GPS has the potential to save human life and also save Mother Nature. With these two systems, having the database of our world, being able to see every inch of this earth is only more beneficial for us. My company...
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...Urban Growth and Decline Decisions made by individuals, groups and governments regarding urban growth and decline, are ways in which each are involved in addressing the issue. Urban growth and decline are the geographical processes that are constantly shaping Australian cities. Managing these issues within a city is a key role of geographers as they work to make cities desirable, efficient and sustainable areas to live. This response will examine range of decisions made by governments, groups and individuals. Therefore this response will explain how decision making by individuals, groups and governments, is involved in addressing urban growth and decline. The various Governments have been involved in the decision making process, in order to address urban growth and decline. There are many government decisions and responses. These include the City-West Redevelopment Program, the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority and the Honeysuckle Development Corporation. The City-West Redevelopment Program was when the government constructed new urban infrastructure in the city of Pyrmont such as roads, lighting, communication, water, sewerage and telecommunication. This government response is highly effective because it brought 22,000 residents as it was an affordable housing program, which built houses which had water views and it also brought a working population of 26,000 people. Another government response is The Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority. This administered the urban renewal...
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...ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Y U K O A O YA M A J A M E S T. M U R P H Y SUSAN HANSON KEY CONCEPTS IN key concepts in economic geography The Key Concepts in Human Geography series is intended to provide a set of companion texts for the core fields of the discipline. To date, students and academics have been relatively poorly served with regards to detailed discussions of the key concepts that geographers use to think about and understand the world. Dictionary entries are usually terse and restricted in their depth of explanation. Student textbooks tend to provide broad overviews of particular topics or the philosophy of Human Geography, but rarely provide a detailed overview of particular concepts, their premises, development over time and empirical use. Research monographs most often focus on particular issues and a limited number of concepts at a very advanced level, so do not offer an expansive and accessible overview of the variety of concepts in use within a subdiscipline. The Key Concepts in Human Geography series seeks to fill this gap, providing detailed description and discussion of the concepts that are at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in contemporary Human Geography. Each book consists of an introductory chapter that outlines the major conceptual developments over time along with approximately twenty-five entries on the core concepts that constitute the theoretical toolkit of geographers working within a specific subdiscipline. Each entry provides...
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...A geopolitical community is a community that is defined by a specific boundary. It can be politically or geographically influenced Geopolitical community is a type of community that is formed by human or natural boundaries. A specific area possessing geographic boundaries and sharing the same governing structure. Geopolitics, in a sense, combines the study of geography with the study of politics. The term geopolitics consists of two parts geo means geography which refers to physical landforms, size, and resources while politics refers to the relations between or among states or regions. A geopolitical environment, therefore, refers to a region's political situation while considering the countries' geography, history, religion, culture, governmental structure, and socio-economic situation. The term may also be applied more narrowly to discuss a single country's political situation given their geographic realities, or more widely to consider the environment of an entire continent. The community I live is geopolitical because, it has natural boundaries. A group of people whom all live in New York can be described as living in a geopolitical community because they have a natural division by Hudson River, and each side of the river has different communities, one side is Westchester and the other is Rockland, they are considered two separate geopolitical communities. A phenomenological community can be thought of as an assembly of individuals who share the same viewpoint, relationships...
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...Global vs Regional Geographic Diversification The geographic scope of the firm is an important dimension in global strategy (Peng and Delios 2006). Determining the ‘global-ness’ of a firm is not a new ambition. Perlmutter (1969) attempted to tackle a similar challenge 40 years ago, when he looked at the multinationality of a multinational firm. At that time, being multinational was seen as prestigious – just as being considered a ‘global’ firm is today. Interestingly, Perlmutter found that the ‘difficulty in defining the degree of multinationality comes from the variety of parameters along which a firm doing business overseas can be described’ (1969, 11). Rather than focusing on the locations of subsidiaries, headquarters or location of sales in addressing the issue of multinationality, Perlmutter built on his three concepts that international business scholars are now very familiar with – ethnocentric, polycentric and geocentric – by turning inward and examining the internal attributes of the firm that may attribute to its classification as a multinational. In part thanks to Levitt (1983), the term ‘global’ became mainstream in the 1980s, as firms were encouraged to ‘go global’ by both media and academics. However, in 1985, Hamel and Prahalad noted that the perspective on global competition and globalization of markets was incomplete and misleading. Hamel and Prahalad (1985) found that neither executives nor analysts fully understood what global competition entailed, and they...
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