...stable strategy In business: Corporate strategy, a series of top-level management decisions which help navigate the direction of the corporation in terms of products, markets, promotion and price levels Business strategy, the art and science of enabling an organization to achieve its objective Marketing strategy, a process that allows an organization to increase sales and achieve a competitive advantage Technology strategy, a document that explains how information technology should be used as part of a business strategy Digital strategy, the process of specifying an organization's processes to deploy online assets Trading strategy, a predefined set of rules to apply in finance In geopolitics and military planning: Geostrategy, a foreign policy guided principally by geographical factors pertaining to political and military planning Grand strategy, military strategy at the level of an entire nation state or empire's resources Military strategy, planning the conduct of warfare Naval strategy Nuclear strategy Strategy, a classic text on military strategy by B. H. Liddell Hart Fabian strategy In gaming: Strategy game, a game in which the players' decision-making skills determine the outcome, rather than chance Strategy video game, a video game in which the players' long-term planning skills determine the outcome, rather than reflexes Strategy (game theory), a complete plan of action in a game or a business situation Mixed strategy, a game...
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...Energy & Geostrategy 1. Europe's dependence on Russian gas - 30% of Europe's gas comes from Russia and some nations are 70-100% dependent - dependence gives Putin political leverage - why is this an issue? - Lets look back to 2006 - Gazprom (SOE of RUS) raised NG prices from 50 - 230/1000 cubic meters unilaterally for the Ukraine (to exercise their influence) -> Ukraine denied the price hike and the pipes were turned off. As Ukraine is comprised of many Soviet-era pipelines and these pipelines supplied 80% of the 25% of gas that Europe depends on RUS for Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy and Poland all reported gas pressure in their pipelines down 30%. - Yes, Europe has made progress since then to decrease dependence but is still relies on Russian gas via Ukrainian pipelines for 15% of its gas - with decreasing production of Norwegian and Britain gas (increasing offshore drilling prices) - this number only looks to increase - Europe is on a steady, but fragile recovery after the credit crisis. One thing is for certain - to continue this growth energy is needed - next point 2. Americas role in coming decades - between the period of 2008 - 2013 US has increased crude oil production by 50%. They have surpassed Russia's production and are set to pass Saudi Arabia as yearly as next year. The US is set to not only become an energy exporter but a energy superpower. - what implications does this have? - as US production...
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...‘States are the most important actors in the processes of global governance’. Discuss and use three examples to illustrate your argument. In 1944, Keynes threw the first idea about the necessity of a global government in the Bretton Wood conference. But the main historical fact which triggered the development of this notion was the breakdown of Soviet Union in 1991 which marked the end of a bipolar world. Since then, we have seen numerous international organisations multiplying, with the emergence of the notion of globalization, an emerging concern of environmental issues and the management of conflict by specialized international institutions, engaging the process of global governance which is now one of the main issue for the future. This term of « Global governance refers to the complex of formal and informal institutions, mechanisms, relationships, and processes between and among states, markets, citizen and organizations, both inter and non governmental through which collective interest on the global plane are articulated. In conventions, most of the states involved in global governance have seen themselves attributed various kinds of responsibilities and powers through the creation of diverses supranational organisations such as UN, EU or financial instutions like IMF or the World Bank. Nonetheless, global governance implies a participation based on consensus and volunteering the sacrifice is important, the countries involved have to give up some of their supremacy...
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...Program on the Geopolitical Implications of Globalization and Transnational Security Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition Dr. Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan Senior Scholar in Geostrategy and Director of the Program on the Geopolitical Implications of Globalization and Transnational Security Geneva Centre for Security Policy Ambassador Gérard Stoudmann Director Geneva Centre for Security Policy June 19, 2006 To comment, please email Ms. Bethany Webster at b.webster@gcsp.ch. All copyrights are reserved by the authors. Avenue de la Paix 7bis P.O. Box 1295 CH-1211 Geneva 1 Telephone Telefax www.gcsp.ch +41 22 906 83 17 +41 22 906 16 49 info@gcsp.ch Dr. Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan Ambassador Gérard Stoudmann Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition Abstract Many authors have attempted, with relative success, to define globalization in a variety of ways. Some claim that it cannot be done, others claim that it would constrain the meaning to do so, and still others have defied these two beliefs and have constructed a working definition. Despite differing opinions about developing a definition, all authors agree on one thing: that defining this term is anything but easy. This paper will attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing definitions of globalization and introduce our proposed definition: “Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of...
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...China’s Strategic Futures Author(s): William A. Callahan Reviewed work(s): Source: Asian Survey, Vol. 52, No. 4 (July/August 2012), pp. 617-642 Published by: University of California Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2012.52.4.617 . Accessed: 05/09/2012 13:59 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Asian Survey. http://www.jstor.org W i l l i a m a . Ca l l a h a n China’s Strategic Futures Debating the Post-American World Order a b S t r aC t This essay examines how China’s “harmonious world†foreign policy has unintentionally created opportunities for citizens to challenge elite discussions of foreign policy. Although they are relative outsiders, the essay argues that citizen intellectuals are a growing influence as a source of ideas about China’s future—and the world’s. K e y W o r d S : China, foreign policy, strategy, public intellectual, civil society Although we did not...
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...The Maritime Strategy of China in the Asia-Pacific Region Origins, Development and Impact HUANG, AN-HAO Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2009 School of Social and Political Sciences Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne Produced on archival quality paper ABSTRACT This thesis aims to examine how and why a continental-oriented China has shifted its maritime strategic orientation and naval force structure from its coast toward the far seas in an era of interdependent international system. Generally, China is an ancient continental land power with an incomplete oceanic awareness. With the transformation after the Cold War of China’s grand strategy from landward security to seaward security, maritime security interests have gradually become the most essential part of China’s strategic rationale. Undoubtedly, the quest for sea power and sea rights has become Beijing’s main maritime strategic issue. Given China’s escalating maritime politico-economic-military leverage in the Asia-Pacific region, its desire to become a leading sea power embodying global strategic thinking means that it must expand its maritime strategy by developing its navy and preparing for armed confrontation in terms of international relations realism. Conversely, Beijing’s maritime policy leads at the same time towards globalization, which involves multilateralism and strategic coexistence of a more pragmatic kind. This research...
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