...EFFECTIVESS OF USING GEOTEXTILES IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS: LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS Shih-Hsien Yang Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering Dr. Imad L Al-Qadi, Chair Dr. Gerardo W Flintsch Dr. Antonio A Trani Feb 27, 2006 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Geotextile, Life Cycle Cost Analysis, Flexible Pavement, Cost Effectiveness, Agency Costs, User Costs EFFECTIVESS OF USING GEOTEXTILES IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS: LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS Shih-Hsien Yang (ABSTRACT) Using geotextiles in secondary roads to stabilize weak subgrades has been a well accepted practice over the past thirty years. However, from an economical point of view, a complete life cycle cost analysis (LCCA), which includes not only costs to agencies but also costs to users, is urgently needed to assess the benefits of using geotextile in secondary road flexible pavement. Two design methods were used to quantify the improvements of using geotextiles in pavements. One was developed at Virginia Tech by Al-Qadi in 1997, and the other was developed at Montana State University by Perkins in 2001. In this study, a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis framework was developed and used to quantify the initial and the future cost of 25 representative low volume road design alternatives. A 50 year analysis cycle was used to compute the cost-effectiveness...
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... cost effectiveness, durability, and aesthetics of the infrastructure projects. The geotextile industry produces products that perform several functions which include reinforcement, filtration, draining, protection, and separation. The major applications for geotextiles are pavement repair, road industry, erosion control, and waste management. 1.2 ABOUT THE COMPANY Maruti Rub Plast Pvt. Ltd was established in 2008, a group company of Maruti Techno Rubber Private Ltd., which is a renowned brand in the Infrastructure and Construction Sector. It has set up its state-of-the-art manufacturing facility at Greater Noida and installed with World’s best and automated Technical Textile Machine to manufacture Warp- Knitted Geogrids and other Geosynthetic Products. The Flagship Company, Maruti Techno Rubber Private Ltd., are the market leaders in manufacturing Rubber & PVC Products, Water Stop Seals, Rubber Sheets, Shuttering Rubbers, ĵElastomeric Bearing Pads, Hydrophilic Rubber Gaskets, LDPE & HDPE Membranes, Expansion Joints, etc., that are well established in Indian and Middle East & European Markets for the last 25 years. 1.3 ABOUT THE PRODUCTS...
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...Indian Geotechnical Conference – 2010, GEOtrendz December 16–18, 2010 IGS Mumbai Chapter & IIT Bombay Study on Synthetic Geotextiles for Road Pavements Sivapragasam, C. Vanitha, S. Professor e-mail: sivapragasam25@gmail.com Senior Lecturer e-mail: vnthsekar@yahoo.co.in Arun, V.M. Sutharsanam, S. Scholar e-mail: arundas84@gmail.com Scholar e-mail: arundas84@gmail.com Department of Civil Engineering, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar ABSTRACT This project is being developed for use in of Virudhunagar District. It is around 20Kms in length. The sub grade must be stable, unyielding, properly drained and free from volume changes due to variation in moisture. If not, it leads to failure of pavement. Normally, pavement fails due to the reasons such as structural, functional, or materials failure, or a combination of these. But in the study area, it is observed that, the pavement failure is under the category of structural failure. To overcome this failure, it needs to improve the sub grade soil bearing capacity. In this project Synthetic Non-woven geotextiles (GT) were placed at different depth of soil and the improvement in soil bearing capacity are checked by CBR and UCC test. From this study, single layer of GT introduced at the centre (mid depth) shows better performance than those samples with the GT layer at other depth. 1. INTRODUCTION In Sivakasi-Sattur State Highway-187 (SH-187), the sub grade consists of High...
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...We have been an integrated provider of plastics solutions since 1978, with company roots that go back to the 1950s. Our mission is to be the leading supplier of extruded, fabricated and installed polymer-based products within the markets we choose to serve. Over the last thirty years, our growth, in terms of size, volume, market share and revenue, has been spectacular. We intend to keep growing aggressively, by developing innovative products and systems, and by investing in new processes and technology. Our vision is to continue to build our business in North America and internationally. As a private company that values its integrity, we differentiate ourselves in the marketplace in a variety of important ways: by producing quality products; providing excellent customer service; rewarding outstanding performance; fostering the well-being and ongoing development of our people; and by maintaining a corporate culture that ensures high ethical standards. Ultimately, our success is based on the quality of our people. We employ highly talented individuals who know our business inside out. We treat our employees and suppliers fairly, and we serve our customers as we would like to be served ourselves. Above all, we know that having quality employees that offer quality products is the way our company will continue to prosper. Thomas Rose President & CEO Quality People, Quality Products Our People Layfield employs over 250 people across Canada and the United States...
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...built environment – advanced diploma of building surveying cpc60108. Apply footing and geomechanical design principles to buildings Assessments up to three storeys - CPCCSV6004A Assignment 2. rEV B. troy dibben. Apply footing and geomechanical design principles to buildings Assessments up to three storeys Assignment 2 Outline. Introduction & Tasks: In this document, it shall be discussed and understood to apply knowledge of soft soils, ground improvement, embankments, slope stability and retaining walls to a practical example of earthworks construction. An embankment at the rear of a residence, 2.5m high is to be constructed. The existing soil profile in the area consists of a thick layer of soft clay with a shallow depth to groundwater, over dense sand less than 10 metres in depth. Explain the nature of the problems with embankment construction that maybe expected on this site, and discuss at least three engineering techniques by which the embankment construction and/or performance of the foundation soils can be improved. For the same site and proposed construction, explain how earth retaining systems can be used to limit the embankment side slopes from encroaching onto neighbouring property. Discuss at least three options for earth retaining systems that may be used, including the relative merits of each. Illustrate the report with drawings or images of the various ground improvement techniques...
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...Case 1 KRISHNA JAJODIA | 1402079 Plaintiff vs Defendant Garware-Wall Ropes Ltd Techfab India And 5 Ors. Case : Patent infringement The Case (Facts) Gujarat High Court Bench: M Shah, K Puj Appellant is a well reputed manufacturer and seller of synthetic ropes, twines and yarns, nettings and various rope products including Geosynthetic products and systems. One of such products manufactured and sold by the appellant is known as Synthetic Rope Gabion, referred to as SRG Invention in the plaint of the suit. SRG Invention, developed by the appellant through its exhaustive R&D experiments was granted a Patent Such claim for a patent by the appellant was published in the Gazette of India for opposition, if any on 04.02.2005. As there was no opposition, the Controller of Patent sealed the patent on 13.05.2005. It bears a Patent No. 195352 in favour of the appellant. Appalent’s appeal The respondent 1 has infringed their patent and started manufacturing and selling of product similar to SRG invention The respondent Nos. 2 to 6, who were serving with the appellant and were closely connected with the affairs of the appellant's patented SRG Invention, were absorbed by respondent No. 1. The injunction application was heard by this Court and vide CAV Judgment dated 13.07.2006, the Learned Single Judge has refused to grant the interim injunction as prayed for by the appellant. Mr. Kamal Trivedi, learned Senior Counsel appearing with Mr. Y. J. Trivedi for the appellant has submitted...
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...Road characteristics: road categories, road surfacing. Other road enginering structures. Lecturer I. Piščikienė Vilnius 2013 Introduction Content World bridges…………………………………………………………………………………………………..4 World longest tunnels………………………………………………………………………………………6 Types of roads………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 Roads surfacing……………………………………………………………………………………………….10 Conclusions……………………………………………………………………………………………………..13 List of sources………………………………………………………………………………………………….14 World bridges The world’s longest bridge is the Danyang-Kunsgan Grand Bridge(1) in China, part of the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway. The bridge, which opened in June 2011, spans 165 kilometres. This bridge constructed in just 4 years, employing 10.000 workers, at a cost of about 8.5 million dollars. It crosses low rice paddies, part of the Yangtze River Delta, with just a few miles of the bridge actually crossing the open water of Yangcheng Lake in Suzhou. The bridge averages about 31 meters off the ground. 1.Danyang-Kunsgan Grand Bridge The sidu river bridge(2) is the tallest bridge in the world, standing around 1.500 ft tall. The are exactly 1.550 feet from the bottom of the bridge to the valley floor. It is located at the border of Yichang and En’shi in the Hubei province. It is 1365 meters across. This bridge connects Shanghai on the...
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...A كتف abutment تسارع acceleration شدة طيف التسارع acceleration spectrum intensity تحكم تسارعي acceleration-controlled سجل التسارع accelerogram جهاز قياس التسارع accelerograph مقياس التسارع accelerometer ضغط ترابي فعال active earth pressure فالق نشيط active fault مشغل actuator توابع الهزة الأرضية aftershocks تضخيم amplification يضخم amplify سعة amplitude سعة الحركة amplitude of motion دالة تحليلية analytical function كتلة الربط anchor block حائط مربطي anchored bulkhead ستارة صماء مربوطة anchored bulkhead زاوية السقوط angle of incident زاوية الانعكاس angle of reflection زاوية الانكسار angle of refraction مصدر مساحي areal source مصفوفة array تشوه غير زلزالي aseismic deformation نسبة باعية aspect ratio غلاف جوي atmosphere وهن attenuation ثقب augering تباين ذاتي autocovariance طيف ذاتي autospectra جهد محوري axial stress حقيقة axiom B عمود فقري backbone ردم خلفي backfill ضجيج خلفي background noise عرض النطاق bandwidth عائق barrier اهتزاز القاعدة base shaking قاع basin خليج bay حامل، سعة bearing صخر تحتي أو صخر أساس bed rock انحناء bend انفصام تباعدي bilateral rupture مناطق محجوبة blind zone موجة باطنية body wave ثاقب boring حد ، طرف boundary سطح الارتباط bounding surface جدار مدعم braced wall فترة محصورة bracketed duration هش brittle مبنى building كود البناء building code معامل بلك Bulk’s modulus C جدار كابولي cantilever wall شد شعري capillary tension تردد مركزي central frequency ميل مركزي central tendency ...
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...Q.1 Past site investigation reports are often very useful and can often save time and money in site investigations. The Geotechnical Information Unit of the Geotechnical Engineering Office(GEO) contains numerous records of boreholes from throughout the Territory, as will as useful records of landslides, rainfall and piezometric data, and laboratory test results on soil and rock samples. Relevant data can be readily accessed by geographical location of the site. Past construction records for both the site and for adjacent properties are useful for site investigation. Several government departments posses valuable information for the planning and execution of the site investigation. They are the Civil Engineering Department, Building Ordinance Office, Highways Department, Water Supplies Department, Drainage Services Department, and Architectural Services Department. Non-government agencies such as Mass Trainsit Railway Corporation and other utility companies can also provide valuable information on past construction records. Services records are also an essential part of the desk study, necessary to locate hidden services such as electricity cables, sewers and telephone wires. This in formation is usually provided free of charge by the relevant service provider. A suggested list of sources is: Water Supplies Department, Drainage Services Department, Mass Trainsit Railway Corporation, The Hong Kong Electric Company, Hong Kong & China Gas Company, all telecom company etc… Aerial photographs...
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...Reference Manual on Best Management Practices for PM-10 and Fugitive Dust Control BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES For Maricopa County, Arizona Rule 310 Written by Zbigniew D. Czupak Dr. Edward Kavazanjian, P.E. Arizona State University Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Sponsored by 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Arizona Pavements, Materials, and Transportation Conference steering committee for preparation of this Reference Manual. The authors would also like to thank Amanda McGennis of the Phoenix Chapter of the Association of General Contractors and Cameron Flowers of Kitchell Engineering for their technical assistance in manual preparation, including their review comments on the document and many of the pictures used in the document. 2 QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Application Control Method Watering Paved Roads p. 19 Unpaved Roads p. 20 Construction Entrances p.21 As needed (excessive watering increases track out, requires catch basins) Staging Areas p.23 Storage Piles p.24 Disturbed Flat and Sloped Surfaces p.26-28 Water to form visible crust Weed Abatement p.29 Use prior and during weeding Demolition/Blasting p.30-32 Backfilling p.33 Stacking, Loading, Unloading p.34 Use prior and during Trenching, Excavating p.35 Pre-wet, maintain moisture content Expensive, Can mix with water Hauling p.36-37 - Periodic reapplication Polymer...
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...CHAPTER I BASIC POLICIES Article 1 General Provisions Section 1. Short Title. -- This Act shall be known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”. Section 2. Declaration of Policies. -- It is hereby declared the policy of the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program which shall: (a) Ensure the protection of public health and environment; (b) Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of valuable resources and encourage resources conservation and recovery; (c) Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including composing, recycling, re-use, recovery, green charcoal process, and others, before collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate and environmentallysound solid waste management facilities in accordance with ecologically sustainable development principles; 2 (d) Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practices in ecological waste management excluding incineration; (e) Promote national research and development programs for improved solid waste management and resource conservation techniques, more effective institutional arrangement and indigenous and improved methods of waste reduction, collection, separation and recovery...
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...CONVERSION FACTORS FROM ENGLISH TO SI UNITS Length: 1 ft 1 ft 1 ft 1 in. 1 in. 1 in. 1 ft2 1 ft2 1 ft2 1 in.2 1 in.2 1 in.2 1 ft3 1 ft3 1 in.3 1 in.3 1 in. 1 in.3 1 ft/min 1 ft/min 1 ft/min 1 ft/sec 1 ft/sec 1 in./min 1 in./sec 1 in./sec 3 0.3048 m 30.48 cm 304.8 mm 0.0254 m 2.54 cm 25.4 mm 929.03 10 4 m2 929.03 cm2 929.03 102 mm2 6.452 10 4 m2 6.452 cm2 645.16 mm2 28.317 10 3 m3 28.317 103 cm3 16.387 10 6 m3 16.387 cm3 0.16387 0.16387 10 mm 10 4 m3 5 3 Coefficient of consolidation: Force: 1 in.2/sec 1 in.2/sec 1 ft2/sec 1 lb 1 lb 1 lb 1 kip 1 U.S. ton 1 lb 1 lb/ft 1 lb/ft2 1 lb/ft2 1 U.S. ton/ft2 1 kip/ft2 1 lb/in.2 1 lb/ft3 1 lb/in.3 1 lb-ft 1 lb-in. 1 ft-lb 1 in.4 1 in.4 6.452 cm2/sec 20.346 103 m2/yr 929.03 cm2/sec 4.448 N 4.448 10 3 kN 0.4536 kgf 4.448 kN 8.896 kN 0.4536 10 3 metric ton 14.593 N/m 47.88 N/m2 0.04788 kN/m2 95.76 kN/m2 47.88 kN/m2 6.895 kN/m2 0.1572 kN/m3 271.43 kN/m3 1.3558 N · m 0.11298 N · m 1.3558 J 0.4162 0.4162 106 mm4 10 6 m4 Area: Stress: Volume: Unit weight: Moment: Energy: Moment of inertia: Section modulus: Hydraulic conductivity: 0.3048 m/min 30.48 cm/min 304.8 mm/min 0.3048 m/sec 304.8 mm/sec 0.0254 m/min 2.54 cm/sec 25.4 mm/sec CONVERSION FACTORS FROM SI TO ENGLISH UNITS Length: 1m 1 cm 1 mm 1m 1 cm 1 mm 1m 1 cm2 1 mm2 1 m2 1 cm2 1 mm2 1m 1 cm3 1 m3 1 cm3 1N 1 kN 1 kgf 1 kN 1 kN 1 metric ton 1 N/m 3 2 3.281 ft 3.281 10 3.281 10 39.37 in. 0.3937 in. 0.03937 in. 2 Stress: 2 3 ft ft 1 N/m2 1 kN/m2...
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...Maria Vasilenko 223901 Feasibility of using biosensors for heavy metal detection in complex matrices such as bio-slurries. Master of Science Thesis Examiners: Professor Matti Karp Professor Raghida Lepistö Examiner and topic approved in The Science and Bioengineering Department Council meeting on 7.11.2012 Abstract TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master‟s Degree Programme in Science and Bioengineering Vasilenko Maria: Feasibility of using biosensors for heavy metal detection in complex matrices such as bio-slurries. Seminar paper, 97 pages November 2012 Major: Biotechnology Examiners: Matti Karp, Raghida Lepisto Keywords: environmental pollution, heavy metals, biosensors, slurries The quality of bioslurries that are used in industrial production and agriculture need to be watched very closely to avoid spreading of contaminants on area and poisoning of humans and animals. Because heavy metals are very stable and toxic in many chemical compositions, their amount should be estimated very thoroughly. A new approach that involved biosensors was tested in this study. Because the slurries are complex non-unified matrices which composed of two phases – solid and liquid, the cell behavior can varies a lot from the one that explained in water and so the estimation of ion concentration can be not reliable. It was shown that the cell actually behave different in the slurries. Normally the dissolved compounds suppress the biosensor activity and, in the same time, the ions in the...
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...Abstract The aim of the Project is to find out the geo-engineering properties of fly ash, which can act as a stabilizer to many soils in geo-engineering field. The project describes the use of local fly ash in construction industry in a way to minimize the industrial waste. Their been serious shortage of natural material, which are used in Highway or Earth dam construction. Due to soil excavation, deforestation occurs which affects the bio-diversity. Industrial waste such as fly-ash, slag etc can be effectively used in soil stabilization. Several geo engineering Labrotory experiments were performed on fly ash to determine its properties, which may be used in road construction, earth dam construction, soil stabilization etc. If these materials can be used in highway or dam construction, it will be a great effort in minimizing the industrial pollution. Fly ash was collected from captive power plant from the dump pad of Rourkela steel plant. These are stored in air tight container after being oven-dried. Experiments such as determination of compaction properties, CBR analysis, Un-confined compressive strength test, permeability etc are done in order to determine the geo-engineering properties of fly ash, which can taken account in the construction field. A brief comparison is made between fly ash and other soil properties which are used as sub-grade, base in Highway construction. Introduction Electricity is the key for development of any country. Coal is a major source of...
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...What’s So Bad About Plastic Bags? Plastic bags are not biodegradable. They clog waterways, spoil the landscape, and end up in landfills where they may take 1,000 years or more to break down into ever smaller particles that continue to pollute the soil and water. Plastic bags also pose a serious danger to birds and marine mammals that often mistake them for food. Thousands die each year after swallowing or choking on discarded plastic bags. Finally, producing plastic bags requires millions of gallons of petroleum that could be used for transportation or heating. Consider a Personal Ban on Plastic Bags Some businesses have stopped offering their customers plastic bags, and many communities are either considering a ban on plastic bags or have already implemented one. Meanwhile, here are a couple of things you can do to help: Switch to reusable shopping bags. Reusable shopping bags made from renewable materials conserve resources by replacing paper and plastic bags. Reusable bags are convenient and come in a variety of sizes, styles and materials. When not in use, some reusable bags can be rolled or folded small enough to fit easily into a pocket. Recycle your plastic bags. If you do end up using plastic bags now and then, be sure to recycle them. Many grocery stores now collect plastic bags for recycling. If yours doesn't, check with your community recycling program to learn how to recycle plastic bags in your area. ---________________________________________...
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