...Gunpowder has greatly changed sieging. It has changed how sieges were fought and defended. Others have also been influenced to become humanistic thinkers because of gunpowder. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate the effects gunpowder has brought on how sieges were fought and defended against and how it influenced others to become humanist thinkers. Gunpowder has changed how sieges were fought. Before gunpowder, sieges were fought differently. They would mostly use one of seven tactics. Bombardment, Trenches, Tunneling, Starvation, Germ Warfare, Assault and Negotiation. Each tactic had its own benefits and downfalls, for example, Germ warfare, a tactic where diseased corpses would be thrown behind enemy walls, could get the attacking...
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...Chapter 25 Self Assessments Test Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. _____ 1. Organisms that must obtain nutrients and energy by eating other organisms are a. multicellular. c. heterotrophic. b. autotrophic. d. eukaryotic. _____ 2. A student looks at a slice of tissue on an unlabeled microscope slide. The student concludes the tissue is not from an animal because the cells in the tissue have a. membrane-bound organelles. c. cell membranes. b. nuclei. d. cell walls. _____ 3. In chordates in which pharyngeal pouches develop slits that lead outside of the body, the adult most likely uses what type of organ(s) to breathe? a. gills c. skin b. lungs d. nose _____ 4. Nerves branch in intervals from which of the following structures in a chordate embryo? a. tail c. notochord b. pharyngeal pouches d. hollow nerve cord _____ 5. The notochord is responsible for which function in an embryo? a. processing wastes c. respiration b. structural support d. processing nerve signals _____ 6. Which chordate characteristic is visible on the outside of an adult cat? a. notochord c. pharyngeal pouches b. hollow nerve cord d. a tail that extends beyond the anus _____ 7. All animals eat to obtain a. oxygen. c. carbon dioxide. b. ammonia. d. nutrients. _____ 8. Muscles work together with a support structure...
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...The region of mesoderm from which the limbs arise lies lateral to the intermediate mesoderm and is known as the somatic mesoderm. The somatic mesoderm together with the overlying epidermis is sometimes called the somatopleure. The early limb bud consists of an undifferentiated mass of loose 234 u Chapter 15 mesenchyme surrounded by epidermis. At the distal edge the epidermis is thickened to form the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), which is an essential structure controlling outgrowth (see below). The limb bud mesenchyme forms all of the skeletal structures and connective tissues of the limb: the cartilages, tendons, ligaments, dermis, and the sheaths surrounding the muscles. However, the actual myofibers of the muscles are derived from the somites....
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...Biological Sciences II, BIO 202 Sample Exam 2 Fall 2015 1. Embryonic determination a) prevents cells from being pleuripotent b) results in some cells transcribing different genes than other cells c) occurs in steps, with early cleavage being a time with much determination d) a and b, but not c e) a, b, and c 2. Which of the following is not a part of gastrulation? a) repeated mitosis divisions b) formation of the archenteron c) formation of three germ layers d) many cells becoming determined e) folding in of the neurectoderm 3. Some alleles increase in a gene pool because they give organisms that possess them greater probabilities of surviving and reproducing. This describes a) natural selection b) genetic drift c) allopatric speciation d) uniformitarianism e) inheritance of acquired characteristics 4. During the early cleavage divisions of a vertebrate embryo, the blastomeres a) are produced by meiosis b) contain different alleles from one another c) contain different cytoplasmic chemicals d) perform lots of transcription e) repeatedly skip the S part of interphase 5. Which of the following is part of a DNA molecule? a) uracil b) amino acids c) cytosine d) polymerase e) ribose 6. The term “zygote” refers to a) a large haploid ovum prior to fertilization b) the diploid cell created by fertilization c) the entire embryo...
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...Rice Bran Oil is truly "The World's Healthiest" edible oil, containing vitamins, antioxidants, nutrients and trans fat free. It's not just delicate and flavorful, it can help lower cholesterol, fight diseases, enhance the immune system, fight free radicals and more. Rice Bran Oil is extremely light, versatile and delicious. Use it to fry, sauté, in salad dressings, baking, dipping oils and where ever you use cooking oil. Once you use it you will be amazed cooking light and healthy is also the best tasting. Rice bran oil making can’t leave rice bran oil extraction machine. How to operate Rice Bran Oil Extraction Machine in right way? Rice bran is not high oil content oilseeds the same as sesame, peanut or coconut. One time oil pressing method is not able to make complete oil extraction from rice bran, and only rice bran oil extraction machine is able to make fully extraction of crude rice bran oil from rice bran meal. The crude rice bran oil is sent to oil refinery plant for further process of edible rice bran oil production. Rice bran oil extraction machine adopts national standard no. 6 solvent to make complete extraction of rice bran oil from the meal. The oil solvent extraction system contains chain extractor, rotocel extractor and loop extraction, the engineers will configure the most suitable oil extraction equipment on basis of oilseeds, processing capacity etc. Rice bran oil extraction machine covers entire processing line of extraction, desolventizing and toasting...
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...Chordata.) 1. Which phyla lack organs? What type of symmetry do they have? Porifera is a phyla which lacks organs Myers, P (2001). Cnidaria are also phylum that lack organs. The type of symmetry that Porifera have is asymmetry, which means they have no symmetry. The type of symmetry that Cnidaria have is a radical symmetry. 2. List all of the phyla that show cephalization. Nematoda show cephalization. Arthropoda show cephalization. Platyhelminthes show cephalization. Annelida show cephalization. Mollusca show cephalization and Chordata also show cephalization. 3. Do all organisms on the table have 3 germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm)? If not, which phyla have fewer than three germ layers? No, Porifera has no true germ layers, but have two cell layers called Pinacocytes which is the outer layer and Chaonocytes which is the inner layer. Cnidaria has two germ layer called endoderm and ectoderm. 4. One phylum on the table...
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...Activity 1.2 Learning and understanding of words... • When it is a positive word ___________________________________________________________________ • When it is a negative word ___________________________________________________________________ [pic] ➢ Get into your groups and practice saying different words..... Activity 1.3 Feelings What do you understand with the word feeling? ___________________________________________________________________________ Types of feeling: __________________________ _________________________ __________________________ _________________________ __________________________ _________________________ Feeling Words Happy restless mournful reassured embarrassed Sad guilty surprised passionate heartbroken Angry bored offended nervous optimistic Excited anxious threatened irritated frustrated Uncertain confused relieved scared disappointed • Write a ‘+’ next to the words that gives you a positive feeling or ‘-‘ next to the words that give a negative feeling. Activity 1.4 Brainstorming Why do we need to brainstorm? ___________________________________________________________________________ Group work: Choose one of the given titles below and brainstorm a...
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...Fiber is an essential ingredient to a great diet. It helps prevent diseases, such as Coronary Heart Disease. “Fiber is important for gastrointestinal health as well as cholesterol-lowering benefits” (American Heart Association, 1997). Some food sources that have fiber are pasta, beans, corn, grits, and oatmeal. Most whole grains contain fiber; where as processed grains have little amounts of fiber. Whole grain cereals give a great amount of fiber to the body. There are two types of fiber, which are soluble fiber and insoluble fiber. “Soluble fiber has been associated with increased diet quality and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease” (American Heart Association, 2011). Soluble fiber is called soluble because it is soluble in water. One of the main benefits of soluble fiber is that it aids in lowering cholesterol. Soluble fiber can be found in oranges, barely, peas, and beans. Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water. “Some benefits of insoluble fiber are that it has been associated with decreased cardiovascular risk and slower progression of cardiovascular disease in high-risk individuals” For those who are interested in losing weight or eating fewer calories, insoluble fiber may make you feel full. Foods in which contain insoluble fiber are whole wheat bread, rye, bran, cabbage, turnips, and apple skin. Just to name a few. According to the American Heart Association, “adults or those who eat 2,000 calories or more should be eating 25g of fiber a day” (American Heart...
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...@GlutaPlanet on Instagram (Call / Text +639063967174) Send an inquiry to: Peter Paul Vizcaya on FB ------------------------------------------------------ St. Dalfour Beauty Excel Cream (Authentic- Imported From Kuwait) ***Effective against*** • Freckles • Old pimple scars • Yellow spotted skin • Black Heads* Wrinkles • Allergies • Melasma • Skin blemishes • And other skin impurities ***How to Use*** On the Face: Apply a little amount on face after washing, NIGHT ONLY. On Under Arm: Apply a little amount after taking a bath, morning and before bedtime. Groin(Singit): Apply a little morning and night after taking a bath. Can be used in any part of the body even in your groin(singit) body part. Use regularly for fastest and best result *Beware of Fake versions of this cream. Ishigaki L-Glutathione Advanced Ultrawhite capsule ISHIGAKI ADVANCED ULTRAWHITE - 60 CAPS Authentic Ishigaki Glutathione for Skin Whitening-Clear Beautiful Skin • Whitens & improves skin 3x Faster Than Ivory Caps • Extremely effective oral formula • New Ultrawhite formulation for faster results • Whitens & brightens dark skin, melasma, sun tan • Oral glutathione has been shown in double-blind placebo-controlled study to effectively promote the lightening of skin through the inhibition of skin pigment (melanin) production • Glutathione Skin for Whitening has Been Shown To Be Safe and Effective in Numerous Clinical...
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...Chapter 4 * Figure 4-2 * Modification of a germ cell to form a mammalian sperm. (A) The centriole produces a long flagellum at what will be the posterior end of the sperm, and the golgi apparatus forms the acrosomal vesicle at the future anterior end. The mitochondria collect around the flagellum near the base of the haploid nucleus and become incorporated into the midpiece ("neck") of the sperm. The remaining cytoplasm is jettisoned and the nucleus condenses. The size of the mature sperm has been enlarged relative to the other stages. (B) Mature bull sperm. The DNA is stained blue with DAPI, the mitochondria are stained green, and the tubulin of the flagellum is stained red. (Q Acrosome of mouse sperm, stained green by the fusion protein proacrosin-GFR * Sperm can travel in aqueous environment to reach the egg because of the flagellum * Figure 4-3 * The force for sperm propulsion is provided by dynein, a protein attached to the microtubules (see Figure 4.3B). Dynein is an ATPase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP, converting the released chemical energy into mechanical energy to propel the sperm. * (Bj Interpretive diagram of the axoneme, showing the "9 + 2" arrangement of the microtubules and other flagellar components. The dynein arms contain the ATPases that provide the energy for flagellar movement. (C) Association of tubulin protofilaments into a microtubule double. One portion of the...
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...Biology Test 3 Chapter 23 Animals 1: Major Invertebrate Groups 23.1 old genes new drugs * Vertebrates – an animal that has a back bone * Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish * Invertebrates – an animal that does not have a back bone * More than 97% * Cone snails (genus Conus) found in warn nearshore waters of South Pacific, patterned shells, they are predators and produce venom. * Produce a pain killing drug call ziconotide (prialt), unlike morphine it is non addictive. 23.2 animal traits and trends * Animals – multicelled heterotrophy with unwalled cells. Most ingest food and are motile during at least part of the life cycle. * Evolution of Animal Body Plans * All animals are descended from a common multicelled ancestor * Ectoderm – outermost tissue layer of an animal embryo. * Endoderm – innermost tissue layer of an animal embryo. * Mesoderm – middle tissue layer of a three – layered animal embryo. * Most animal groups have organs derived from mesoderm * Radial symmetry – having parts arranged around a central axis, like spokes around a wheel * Radial animals have no front or back end. They attach to an underwater surface or drift along. Their food can arrive from any direction. * Bilateral symmetry – having paired structures so the right and left halves are mirror images * Bilateral animals typically have cephalization. * Move...
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...grease equipment machinery products and natural pigment extraction equipment specializing in the production of enterprises. The company passed the ISO9001 quality certification system to meet the needs of the product quality control and quality assurance. Main products and business: oil pretreatment equipment, oil extraction, oil refining equipment, oil, natural pigment extraction, leaching oil workshop design construction, refined oil workshop design construction design and build, grease, oil pretreatment workshop equipment turnkey engineering, oil refining equipment, vegetable oil, soybean pretreatment equipment, complete sets of equipments leaching workshop refined oil, rice bran pretreatment, leaching plant a full set of equipment, corn germ oil production workshop a full set of equipment, rapeseed squeeze, leaching, refining equipment, the cottonseed squeeze, leaching, the refining equipment and turn-key project. The company's rice bran...
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...Bread very few would be able to say for sure. So what is the difference and health benefits some of those breads stacked on the super market shelves? What breads are the best when say on a calorie controlled or to low cholesterol high fibre diets? To know the answer to all these questions a discussion of grains is needed. Breads are usually made from wheat flour, but may be made from any variety of grains, and may contain seeds, nuts, and fruits for flavour and texture. Whole grain or Wholeweat breads are seen as those being the most nutritionally rich. These breads contain three components: The Bran, Germ and Endosperm of the grain. The Bran contains most of the seeds fibrous properies, forms the outer layer of the seed and is rich in nutrients such as being the part where new plants sprout contains Niacin, Thiamine, Riboflavin, vitamin E, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and zinc. The Germ also contains some protein and fat. The...
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...Purpose: To examine slides of a variety of flatworms and roundworms , living and preserved specimens to see their various structures and features. Introduction: Members of the phylum Platyhelminthes are commonly called flatworms. There are both parasitic and free-living forms of this group. Flatworms, either parasitic or free-living forms, have both sexes on the same individual, which is called hermaphroditic. It is also called monoecious. Some parasitic species will self-fertilize their own eggs if another individual is not present. This group does not have a body cavity and it is called acoelomate. Flatworms are the first animal group to show all three tissue layers that we find in most animals except Sponges and Cnidarians. That is called triploblastic. These three embryonic tissues are: ectoderm, which forms the skin or epidermis and nervous tissue, mesoderm, which forms muscles and some organs, and endoderm, which forms the lining of the gastrovascular cavity or gut. Flatworms are bilaterally symmetrical. The phylum is divided into four classes : Turbellaria - free-living marine, freshwater, and terrestrial flatworms ,Class Trematoda - parasitic internal flukes, Class Cestoda - parasitic tapeworms, Class Monogenea- parasitic external flukes . All roundworms, phylum Nematoda, are very similar in appearance, they have a cylindrical body with tapering ends. Most Nematodes are free-living, but some are important parasites of plants and animals. As for the flatworms...
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...Elizabeth Fenn’s “Biological Warfare in Eighteenth Century North America: Beyond Jeffrey Amherst” is a paper that looks into the history of germ or biological warfare in the eighteenth century in North America, mainly during the colonization and Revolutionary War periods. They used Smallpox, a disease that has been cured in today’s world, but back then caused hundreds of deaths. When the colonists and British gave blankets and clothes to the Indians they came from Smallpox treatment centers and spread the disease to the Native Americans killing most of the natives. Fenn structured this paper by breaking it down into smaller chapter like sections that explain the history of biological warfare, how it was executed, the result of their actions,...
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