...TOPIC: NAZI GERMANY Propaganda, terror and coercion underpinned the creation and maintenance of the Nazi state. Consider this in the period 1933-1939. The adage that perception is often stronger than reality has never been truer than in the Nazi state of 1933-1939, where image played a colossal role in the anti-semitic and Hitler myth propaganda of Joseph Goebbels. Image manufactured the fearful aura of the Gestapo as well as the ubiquitous representation of the law, both of which created and cemented acquiescence amongst the German population. It was through the creation of perception in Nazi society that propaganda, terror and coercion underpinned the creation and maintenance of the Nazi state. Any attempt to gauge the success of Nazi propaganda in the creation and maintenance of the Nazi state is somewhat difficult, as German society during 1933-1939 was so heavily influenced by terror and coercion that reported opinion did not necessarily reflect the true sentiment of the public. Nevertheless, it would be naïve to disregard the significant role that Nazi propaganda played in ensuring that the German public were unified in their support of the government. The most crucial objective of Nazi propaganda in the creation of the Nazi state was to create a new heightened national awareness. This was done through the creation of the Volksgemeinschaft (People’s Community), an institution that established cohesive community values. In order...
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...displayed signs that forbade Jews from entering, and some areas of Germany banned Jews from using public transportation or public parks. Thousands of Jewish teachers and civil servants had been laid off, national boycotts enforced by paramilitary forces regularly barred Germans from buying from Jewish businesses, and citizens were discouraged from visiting Jewish doctors and lawyers. These actions were intended to cause a mass emigration of Jews from Germany. During the annual Nazi Party Rally held in Nuremberg in September 1935, Adolf Hitler passed two new laws, the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor. These laws—to be know as the “Nuremberg Laws”-- deprived Jews of German citizenship and many civil rights. Unresolved in the initial Nuremberg Laws were the actual definition of Jews. The first of thirteen supplementary decrees, all designating the biological composition of Jewish blood, was published on November 14, l935, and defined Jews in terms of their lineage. These laws enforced a new morality on Germans that made it acceptable to ostracize, discriminate, and expel Jews from society. According to Hitler, the Nuremberg Laws were just a precursor to other much more degrading decrees. These laws allowed Adolf Hitler to get close to his goal of getting rid of the “parasite” and imposing racial conformity on society. The Nuremberg Laws were the first attempt by the German government to define the Jew, and the first step towards...
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...History Revision Aug 1914 – Nov 1918 The cost of WW1 to Britain - $35,334,012,000 (highest of all the allied powers) and 994,138 British people died. April 1919 Treaty of Versailles – Germany had to accept the blame for starting the war (Clause 231) and pay £6,600 million in reparations. She was forbidden to have submarines or an air force and could only have a navy of six battleships and an Army of just 100,000 men. She also lost territory to Britain and France. The League of Nations – an international organisation designed to preserve the peace and solve international disputes by arbitration; based on a system of collective security (article 10). 42 countries joined at the start and by the 1930s this became 60. The covenant of the League of Nations was agreed as part of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 held at Versailles – it aimed to stop war, improve people’s lives and jobs, disarm and enforce the Treaty of Versailles). In May 1920, the US Senate voted against Versailles (due to isolationism) and did not join. Summer 1919 John Maynard Keynes published ‘The Economic Consequences of the Peace’ – said that the Treaty of Versailles was ‘economic insanity’ and an example of a ‘Carthaginian Peace’. It sold 60,000 copies in the first 2 months, 100,000 copies in the first 6 months and was translated into 14 languages. Aug 1919 – 1934 ‘Ten Year Rule’ – British spending was only £102 million on defence in 1932, compared to £760 million in 1919 – 1920. March 1921 Anglo-Soviet...
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...“In the early 20th century, the world split into three main camps: democratic nations--including Britain, France, Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, Belgium, and the US”(Adams, 6). Conflicts arose between the camps. The conflicts led to a world war in 1939. “In 1933, Germany began to build its’ army. With that army, Hitler took over Austria and parts of Czechoslovakia”(Adams, 8). “Britain and France declared war on Germany in 1939. In 1940, Germany overpowered France and then triumphed”(Adams, 12). “Some people joined the Nazi Resistance because they were scared. Some joined because they wanted to help. Some supported the Germans’ Anti-Communist and Anti-Jewish policies because they agreed with the Nazis. Others did not cooperate, they didn’t...
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...Holocaust Events Occurring From 1933-1939 Event #1: The Boycott of Jewish Businesses: On April 1, 1933, throughout all of Germany, a boycott on Jewish goods was carried out. Although it only lasted one day, it was minorly destructive, both physically and mentally. Nazi Storm Troopers stood in front of Jewish-owned shops, preventing anyone from entering and the Star of David was painted on the shops’ windows and doors. There were even signs posted that warned Germans not to buy from Jewish-owned stores or to not trust Jews at all (“The Boycott of Jewish Businesses” par. 3). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum writes that, before April 1, “Although German Jews continued to encounter some discrimination in their social lives and professional...
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...other European countries between 1918 and 1939, and the contrast to political developments in Great Britain, France, and the United States. In this paper the subject to explain is the Holocaust in the context of World War II and Western ideals, including the roots of anti-Semitism and intolerance of those considered inferior in Germany, a comparison of anti-Semitic actions in Germany, also an explanation of The Final Solution. This paper concludes with a description of the aftermath of World War II. After World War 1, the German government was facing thousands of difficult problems as society search for someone to blame for the defeat in the First World War. Extremists from all sides sent threats to revolts. The extreme inflation causes Thousands of Germans to have any faith in the German government. Hitler gains control of the Nazi party in the 1920s, an organization, which is anti-Semitic. Hitler gains popular political credibility by placing the responsibility on the Jews for Germany's defeat in the First World War. Hitler also blames Jews for Germany’s economic problems. “What is less understood are the political conditions associated with the rise of Hitler and fascism” (Knudson, 2006). Hitler informs the Germans that they belong to a superior race, which is meant to rule the world, better known as the Aryan race. “Hitler had already started his political career in 1919, and had been influenced by this kind of Pan-German thinking” (Noakes, 2010). The Great Depression...
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...is leah, mysisters name is yocheved and my fathers name is Abraham. My father works in a factory and he ownes a sewing machine. He supplies collars to a dress factory and believed that his workwould keep his family alive. My time spent kat school was appauling , when in 1933 the sa’s weregiven a free hand in their treatment of the jews. I was labled with a little swastika badge in my lapel that i became to dread. I was openely ridiculed by teachers and when others joined and bullyied me in the playground they went unpunished. The teachers would always go out of there way to say something unpleasant to me infront ofthe whole class. If a jew child responded by not wanting to go toschool, then that served a purpose in itself and it also gave the nazi propagandisists a reason to peddle the lie that jewish children wereinherently lazy and could not be bothered to go to school. One day the news paper said: no Aryan german child is to sit next to a jew in school, that was it i felt an enormous sense of relief. I would not have to go back to school. Jews were constantly treated appaulingly and thesituation worsened as time passed, even on my way to school. I remember hearing a man shout “don’t stop here these are jews, ashestood outside a local bussiiness. I recall the memory of a friend of my parentswho was non-jewish, a woman probably in her early seventies at the time,rather anaristoctraic type of lady., and shedecided to go shoping, and she went into the shopwhere she normally shops...
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...| How and why did the Nazi treatment of Jews change between the years 1933 and 1945? | Curran De Braganca | How and why did the Nazi treatment of Jews change between the years 1933 and 1945? Most of us have heard of the Nazi party’s horrific, genocidal regime on destroying the Jewish race, but what events led up to their dire judgement? In this study I aim to uncover the events, reasons and changes which led to the Holocaust and the further changes in the treatment of the Jewish race by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party. In the aftermath of the First World War, Germany is under the Judgment of the Allies as a result of Allied victory Germany is being blamed for most of the war, The Treaty of Versailles stated that they: * Are to pay compensation to the Allies: £6.6 Million, which was well over Germany’s financial capacity at the time. * Portions of Germany’s land has been claimed and will distributed under Allied power to form new nations and also will be given to allied nations who lost land during the war. * Germany’s army will be reduced to only 100,000 men plus their naval vessels have been limited to 6 capital ships. The west of Rhineland had been Demilitarised and occupied by Allied forces. * Germany was not allowed to join with Austria to boost its economy. These were only just a few of the terms of the treaty. In Germany, many people were ‘pointing fingers’ and putting the blame on others, one group of people however, is taking...
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...1 GCSE HISTORY GERMANY 1918-1939 REVISION This awesome booklet has been designed to help you get exam-ready. It contains the ‘essential’, need-to-know points for the Germany unit, plus useful revision boosters and guidance on answering exam questions. Remember, getting your exam technique sorted is a must if you’re going to succeed in the exam - it’s just as important as knowing your stuff! CONTENTS....There are 4 sections to this booklet. 3 Hitler overcomes his opposition 1 The rise and fall of the Weimar Republic 1918 1929 1933 1934 2 The rise to power of Hitler and the Nazis 1939 4 The Nazi dictatorship 1 The rise and fall of the Weimar Republic 1918-33 Introduction If, just for fun, we were to make a graph showing the fortunes of the Weimar Republic, it would probably look like this…. B A Phase A 1918-23: The WR suffers from a few major teething problems, and struggles to survive. C Phase B 1924-28: ‘The Golden Twenties’. Things are on the up for the WR, as it recovers from its earlier problems. But beneath the surface, there are still weaknesses. Phase C 1929-1933: With the Wall St. Crash and the Great Depression, the WR comes ‘crashing’ down! Of course, during each phase, the Nazis were experiencing their own political rollercoaster ride. Broadly speaking, whenever the WR was enjoying success, the Nazis were not, and vice versa. More about that later. What was the Weimar Republic and why was it set up? A lot...
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...Adolf Hitler (German: [ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ]; 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer ("leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. He was effectively dictator of Nazi Germany, and was a central figure of World War II in Europe and the Holocaust. Hitler was a decorated veteran of World War I. He joined the precursor of the NSDAP, the German Workers' Party, in 1919 and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923, he attempted a coup in Munich to seize power. The failed coup resulted in Hitler's imprisonment, during which time he dictated his autobiography and political manifesto Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"). After his release in 1924, Hitler gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism, anti-Semitism, and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda. Hitler frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as being part of a Jewish conspiracy. Hitler's Nazi Party became the largest elected party in the German Reichstag, leading to his appointment as chancellor in 1933. Following fresh elections won by his coalition, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, which began the process of transforming the Weimar Republic into Nazi Germany, a one-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of National Socialism. Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a...
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...EnrichmEnt GuidE – A true story School Dates: September 14 – OctOber 5, 2007 Adapted by Emil Sher Based on the book by Karen Levine Originally published by Second Story Press Media Sponsor: nal dditiovisit For a rials, mate tage.org! FirstS Please be sure to share this guide with all teachers who are taking their students to see this production. Photocopy or download additional copies from FirstStage.org INSIDE THE GUIDE preparing for the play A NOTE TO TEACHERS AND PARENTS HANA’S SUITCASE is the true story of Jewish girl who died at Auschwitz at the age of thirteen and how, although her life was taken at such a young age, her memory and spirit continue to live on today. Adapted from the book of the same title by Karen Levine, HANA’S SUITCASE explores the journey of teacher and children at the Tokyo Holocaust Education Center take to find out who Hana Brady is—all from a suitcase the Center received with Hana’s name, birth date, and the word waisenkind (orphan) written on it. The children at the Center are captivated by this suitcase, and the girl who once owned it, and they begin flooding Fumiko Ishioka, the Center’s Director, with question after question about Hana. Fumiko recognizes the importance of uncovering Hana’s story for her students. This tragic event cannot be summed up in numbers or facts— it affected individuals, young and old, who each had a story, families, and hopes and dreams. As Fumiko slowly but determinedly reveals Hana’s story...
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...drastically reduced it’s armed forces, demanded that Germany acknowledge its guilt for the war and forced it to pay reparations to the allied powers. Once the German Empire was destroyed, a new parliamentary government known as the Weimar Republic was formed. The German people suffered from economic instability, massive inflation and a very high unemployment rate which had worsened during the depression following the New York stock market crash in 1929. The Nazi party had made its mark and taken advantage of the political unrest in Germany, gaining an electoral foothold. The Holocaust, also know as the Shoah, was the heinous and despicable genocide of approximately six million Jews during World War II led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party between 1939 and 1945 throughout German occupied territory. Although there are a number of parallels between Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, their personal political views became known to the public at very different times; Hitler published his views well before he came in to power, where Mussolini waited until he was the dictator of France. Following World War I, Hitler struggled with his disbelief in Germany’s defeat and was consumed with extreme, revolutionary views regarding German nationalism. In 1919, around the age of 30, Adolf Hitler became a member of the National Socialist German Workers (Nazi) Party which back then was a small, somewhat insignificant, fanatic organization. Hitler was nothing less than a genius when it came to...
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...How effective was Nazi propaganda 1933-1938? One of the main tools of Hitler’s rising Nazi regime was the scrupulous propaganda which enabled the Nazi party to keep the German people in check and under their control, exposing them to only what they saw necessary and vital for Nazi prosper. This helped raise the ideal race that the Nazis strived so wholeheartedly to create. But, how can we determine whether it was effective? To do this, we must look at the various techniques that were used by the ministry of propaganda, and to what extent they worked and helped the Nazi prosper. However, we can only speculate. We will never fully know statistics about how effective Nazi propaganda was, since there was no market research, very few non-Gestapo conducted opinion polls to look at, and even if there were many others, the information would not be accurate and the opinions affected. If there had been polls conducted, the results would have shown exactly what Goebbels and Hitler wanted people to think - this was achieved by making sure that only certain things were safe to think - and more importantly safe to say. Hitler was able to gain more and more followers and appeal to the people due to the severe state of the German economy and the critical state of the people that had no savings, no assets and practically no food. The Versailles treaty had simply been a recipe for destruction for the Weimar Republic and the crisis was the last straw leading to its demise. Hitler was the only...
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...Hitler: Man or Monster Mostafa Emad Tosson Academic Writing, Fall Class 2015 Canadian International College Abstract This research paper will present Hitler’s life from childhood till death, and how his character was shaped by happenings throughout his life. Conducting this research happened by studying Hitler’s biography from different points of view and analyzing the happenings he experienced to prove if Hitler was a man or a monster. Hitler: Man or Monster The man who has become known to many as the worst warmonger in history had humble, even bohemian beginnings. Believe it or not, Adolf Hitler was once a struggling artist, selling watercolor paintings of Viennese landmarks to keep him out of the poor house. How did Hitler go from this penny-pinching life to leading the Nazi Party and eventually Germany itself? Troubled Childhood Born 1889, April 20 – Adolf Hitler was born in an inn in the Austrian village of Braunau-am-Inn. He was the third child of Alois Hitler who was a customs official and his third wife Klara who came from a poor peasant family, but the other two children had died in infancy. Life was financially comfortable for the Hitler family but Alois was a domineering character and young Adolf frequently found himself on the wrong side of his father's short temper. At second Adolf had a half-brother, Alois Jr, and a half-sister, Angela, from Alois' previous marriage. Adolf's younger brother, Edmund, was be born in 1896. Another sister, Paula, was...
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...movement. It refers to the deadlock resulting from high levels of defence. The stalemate developed from four major reasons: i. The Faults of the Schlieffen Plan ii. The Faults of Plan XVII iii. Problems with Communications and Tactics iv. Problems with the High Command • The Faults in • There was an incredible reliance on speed – quick defeat of the France and a slow response by Russia Schlieffen • Unexpectedly strong resistance by Belgian forces – sabotaged Plan railway lines • Strong resistance from French • Troops were diverted from the West to the Eastern front • The “hammer swing” was shortened, so they approached Paris from the East which was expected • The Treaty of London was disregarded as a scrap of paper • Germans weren’t adequately trained for modern warfare strategies • The Faults in • French underestimated number of soldiers available to Plan XVII Germany • French were preoccupied with revenge for Alsace-Lorraine • Insufficient forces were given to the French left wing • Too much attention was on offensive tactics • Officer training was poor • Belgian and British armies were small • Napoleonic Wave Assault (continuous assault) occurred in open countryside=decimation • Problems • Rail was quick, but too few tracks were available to be used with Tactics • Guerilla attacks frequently destroyed the rail infrastructure and • Muddy conditions...
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