...United States vs. Foreign Nations: Funding & Reimbursing Healthcare Services United States vs. Foreign Nations: Funding & Reimbursing Healthcare Services In this document I will discuss the health care system of three foreign nations versus the United States. Specifically, focusing on how physicians and hospitals are reimbursed and funded in the United States as opposed to foreign nations. The three other foreign nations that will be involved in this discussion will be: Germany, Canada, and United Kingdom. Reimbursement/funding of health care services varies from nation to nation. Each of these countries inhabits a different point on the international healthcare continuum. In this critical analysis you will read about the different ways foreign countries and the United States reimburse hospitals and providers for health care services. The United States of America In America, we, as consumers, have the right to choose among various suppliers of healthcare services. We make a decision based upon the competing market and quality of goods and services. Then we pay for the cost of our services mainly through insurance or by paying for the full cost of the purchase ourselves. According to Bodenheimer and Grumbach, health care financing in the United States started off from out-of-pocket payments and evolved through individual private insurance, then employment-based insurance, and then finally government-based financing (i.e. Medicaid and Medicare) (2012, p. 187)...
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...tradition within the country. Taking an overview of areas such as culture, legal system, geography, political system, and history is just the beginning to this unique country. Through the research provided, it should be a useful indicator of whether or not Germany is a desirable place to pursue international business in. The national flag of Germany consists of three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red (middle), and gold (bottom). The colors of black, red, and gold have played an important role in German history and can be traced all the way back to medieval times where there was a banner of the Holy Roman Emperor. This original banner had a black eagle with red claws and beak on a gold field. The Holy Roman Empire was a German-majority, multi-ethnic empire in central Europe until 1806, when it was defeated at the Battle of Austerlitz. After this battle, German-states that were part of the Holy Roman Empire came under French rule and several German organizations began agitations to free Germany from foreign rule and create a unified country. Among these organizations were two prominent ones by the names of Lutzow Free Corps and Jena Student’s League. The members of these two organizations wore uniforms of black with gold and red accessories and used flags of those colors as well. When Germany was unified in 1871 under Otto Von Bismarck, it chose a national flag with horizontal stripes of black-white-red. However after Germany’s defeat in the First World War, a republic...
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...Graze goes German: The Internationalisation Strategy of Nature Delivered Ltd. Table of Contents Section 1: Country Profile 3 Introduction 3 History 3 Geographical overview 3 Macroeconomic overview 4 Political overview 4 Legal environment 5 Foreign Direct Investment 5 Financing and incentives 5 Taxation 5 Labour 6 Infrastructure 6 Food Industry 6 Market trends 7 i) Health awareness 7 ii) R&D 7 iii) Obesity 7 iv) Environmental awareness 7 v) The ageing population 8 The E-Commerce Industry 8 Consumer culture 9 Section 2: International Expansion Plan 10 Graze Company History 10 The Product 10 The Business 10 Location 10 Reasons for expansion 11 Timing of Entry 11 Modes of Entry 12 FDI Entry Mode 13 Place 14 Organisational strategy 14 Competition 15 Organizational architecture 16 Control systems and incentives 18 Target market 18 Response to competitive threats 19 Conclusion 20 Bibliography 21 Section 1: Country Profile Introduction Successful businesses know when and how to adapt and change. In the increasingly competitive and rapidly changing business environment of today, expanding a company internationally provides opportunities not only for revenue growth, but also the exchange of knowledge and the enhancement of capabilities, thereby strengthening the long-term competitiveness of a firm. However, the decision to embark on an international expansion can be both an exciting yet frightening...
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...The American Healthcare system has a history of chaos and unruliness. Despite the recent implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (commonly called the Affordable Care Act or Obamacare) costs of pharmaceuticals continue to rise. In addition to the spiraling costs of the health care system, pharmaceutical companies continue to benefit from high profit margins while Americans are left paying three times as much for the same medications as other nations across the globe (Picchi 2015). In order for the Obama Administration to achieve their goal of healthcare for every American, legislation must be implemented that allows price negotiation among medical providers, the federal government and the pharmaceutical companies. Despite the persistent claims by many high ranking elected officials, such as former Senate Majority Leader John Boehner, that America has the best health care system in the world, there's insufficient evidence that Americans are getting higher-quality medical treatment or enjoying healthier lives than our counterparts abroad (Jacobson 2012). According to the Commonwealth Fund, Healthcare in America costs more than in other industrialized nations and Americans aren't getting the world's best care for their dollars, according to a new study. The United States spent $7,960 per capita on health care in 2009, the most of 13 industrialized nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. That's almost three times the amount...
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...The GfK Group is a full service market research company. GfK is Germany’s largest and oldest market research institute and is ranked among the top 10 research companies in the world (Murphy, 2012b). With over 11,500 research and marketing experts, GfK provides services to over 100 countries (GfK, 2012a). GfK Group was established at the University of Erlangen in Nuremberg, Germany in 1934. Professor Wilhelm Vershofen is considered the founding father of GfK although a team of university professors played a major role in the founding of the company (GfK, 2012b). GfK was originally established as Gesellschaft für Konsumforschung meaning Society for Consumer Research (GfK, 2012c). GfK strives to provide its clients with the best understanding of how people think and act through the most advanced and innovative methodologies. GfK offers services in all major consumer, pharmaceutical, media and service markets (GfK, 2012a). There are two main business sectors in which Gfk provides services: Consumer Choices and Consumer Experiences (GfK, 2012a). The Consumer Choices business side focuses on providing precise and timely data based on the decisions and actions consumers have already made. For example Consumer Choices analyzes when, where and at what rate a specific product is selling at. In addition, this business side also researches how consumers interact with different media such as the Internet, television and social media (GfK, 2012d). On the other hand Consumer Experiences...
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...B9MG116 International Management Lecture: PJ Paul Student Number: 10069260 Word Count: 3332 1 Introduction This paper analyses the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTEL) structure of Spain and it exposes a rational approach to the Spanish market in order obtain a successful implementation of the Everline product in the country. Everline is part of WDFC UK and it is aimed to offer an innovative, fast, flexible and convenient source of credit to entrepreneurs looking to expand their business, manage working capital, or fill a short cash gap. WDFC UK is currently working in three continents and it is supported by some of the world’s leading venture capital firms, with a heritage of building and backing world-class internet companies including Facebook and LinkedIn (“About us” Wonga.com) Everline group include other brands like Wonga.com, which has provided millions of loans to more than a million customers in the UK alone, and the online retail payment service, PayLater. In 2012 Wonga.com reporter a net benefit of £62.5m, former Wonga Business applied to have the trading name Everline added to its credit licence in September this year the domain name Everline.com was registered by WDFC SA. Everline, former Wonga for Business, was launched in May 2012, and offers £3,000 to £50,000 loans to limited companies, LTD’s, or partnerships, and £10,000 to trade solders; money can be borrowed between one and fifty two weeks and the business have...
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...Q3 2010 www.businessmonitor.com siNGapore pharmaceuticals & healthcare report INCLUDES 10-YEAR FORECASTS TO 2019 issN 1748-216X published by Business monitor international ltd. SINGAPORE PHARMACEUTICALS & HEALTHCARE REPORT Q3 2010 INCLUDING 5-YEAR AND 10-YEAR INDUSTRY FORECASTS BY BMI Part of BMI’s Industry Report & Forecasts Series Published by: Business Monitor International Copy deadline: June 2010 Business Monitor International Mermaid House, 2 Puddle Dock, London, EC4V 3DS, UK Tel: +44 (0) 20 7248 0468 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7248 0467 Email: subs@businessmonitor.com Web: http://www.businessmonitor.com © 2010 Business Monitor International. All rights reserved. All information contained in this publication is copyrighted in the name of Business Monitor International, and as such no part of this publication may be reproduced, repackaged, redistributed, resold in whole or in any part, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or by information storage or retrieval, or by any other means, without the express written consent of the publisher. DISCLAIMER All information contained in this publication has been researched and compiled from sources believed to be accurate and reliable at the time of publishing. However, in view of the natural scope for human and/or mechanical error, either at source or during production, Business Monitor International accepts no...
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...Country Profile Series United Kingdom In-depth PESTLE insights PESTLE Country Analysis Report: United Kingdom REFERENCE CODE: ML00002-031 PUBLICATION DATE: May 2013 WWW.MARKETLINE.COM MARKETLINE. THIS PROFILE IS A LICENSED PRODUCT AND IS NOT TO BE PHOTOCOPIED ML00002-031/Published 05/2013 Page 1 © MarketLine. This report is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied OVERVIEW Catalyst This profile analyzes the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) structure in the UK. Each of the PESTLE factors is explored on four parameters: current strengths, current challenges, future prospects, and future risks. Summary Key findings The UK has a strong democratic system, but differences between coalition partners in the incumbent government pose a challenge The UK adheres to a democratic, parliamentary system of governance known as the Westminster system. This system ensures adequate distribution of power between the executive branch led by the prime minister, the bicameral legislature and the judiciary. Growing ideological differences between the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats in the current government is making the coalition vulnerable. Tensions between pro-Europe Liberal Democrats and euroskeptic Conservatives continue to plague British politics. Further, conflicting views on issues such as welfare reforms, immigration and the economy are straining relations. The UK economy is developed, but rising government debt...
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...Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences Global pharma looks to India: Prospects for growth Table of contents Introduction 03 Background 04 A fast growing economy An expanding pharmaceutical market Government-provided healthcare improving, but private healthcare dominates Domestic market overview 09 Background Consolidation underway, despite challenges Contract manufacturing Vaccines Over the counter market holds significant potential Reaching the untapped rural market Growing Research & Development 15 Overview Clinical trials Biotech and biosimilars on track for growth Other growth areas Bioinformatics 20 Stem cell research Medical devices Global Pharma’s evolving business models and options in India 23 Background Export-oriented business (Contract Research and Manufacturing Services) Licensing Franchising Joint ventures Wholly-owned subsidiaries Practical concerns 27 Infrastructure Tax environment Counterfeiting Intellectual property Conclusion 30 Related reading: Pharma 2020 31 References 32 Acronyms 38 Introduction The pharmaceutical industry’s main markets are under serious pressure. North America, Europe and Japan jointly account for 82% of audited and unaudited drug sales; total sales reached US$773 billion in 2008, according to IMS Health. Annual growth in the European Union (EU) has slowed to 5.8%, and sales are increasing at an even more sluggish rate...
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...Contents Introduction 1 International Trade Theory 3 Revealed Comparative Advantage 3 Resource Endowments 3 RCA VS Technology Resource Endowments 6 Implication 3 International Trade Policy 4 Tariff Policy 5 Government Corruption & International Trade Policy 6 Implication 3 International Monetary System 1 Balance of Payment 3 Currency Value 3 Implication 1 Conclusion 1 Suggestions for Further Research 3 Work Cited 5 APPENDIX Figure 1.1 1 Figure 1.2 1 Figure 2.1 1 Figure 2.2 1 Figure 3.1 1 Figure 3.2 1 Figure 4.1 1 Figure 4.2 1 Figure 5.1 1 Figure 5.2 1 Introduction Overview of South Korea South Korea is formally known as the republic of Korea is a country in East Asia. The country covers a land area of 99,392 Km square and a population of 49.3 million. The country constitutes the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. South Korea is a developed nation ranked at position fifteen. In terms of education, the country is not left behind as it ranks highly in terms of providing high quality education to its citizens. Proper and quality healthcare facilities are also available in the country. South Korea is my country of choice because I got attracted by the efforts the country has put into place to grow from the world poorest country to be among the largest countries in the world economically. South Korea has a highly valued culture, although development has influenced the...
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...(MBIT) Management Information Systems E-Health in Greece compared to EU/US and the impact of Big Data in healthcare Prepared by: Athina Klaoudatou Christos Panagiotou Abstract The aim of this report is to describe the eHealth market. The focus is the Greek business landscape, current trends in the market, industry growth, drivers, and restraints, the technologies and the players in various aspects of the field. Data are presented about the evolution of the market and there are descriptions of what Greek companies offer. Moreover implementation measures are presented, along with progress achieved with respect to national and regional eHealth solutions in EU and EEA Member States. Table of Contents 1. The National Health System 1 1.1. Organizational structure 1 1.2. Some facts & figures 1 2. What is eHealth, definitions, areas of application, benefits 5 2.1. What is eHealth 5 2.2. Forms of eHealth 5 2.3. Benefits of eHealth 6 3. eHealth framework in European Union countries 7 3.1. eHealth Action Plan 2012 - 2020 7 3.2. eHealth in the European Countries 8 4. Application of eHealth practices 10 4.1. Electronic Health records (EHR) 10 4.1.1. Examples of current EHR use 10 4.1.2. Electronic Health Record in Greece 12 4.1.3. Summing up 14 4.2. Interoperability 15 4.2.1. Defining Interoperability in Healthcare Systems 15 4.2.2. Most widely used contemporary Interoperability standards in Healthcare 16 4.2.3. EPSOS (European...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS 1) Acknowledgement 2 2) Certificate of Authenticity 3 3) Research Objectives 5 4) Executive Summary 6 5) Chapter 1: Economic Analysis 7 6) Chapter 2: Industry Analysis 9 * Industry Life Cycle * Porters 5 Forces * SWOT * PESTLE * Correlation 7) Chapter 3: Company Analysis 24 * Company Profiles (10 Companies) * Financial Ratio Analysis * DCF Valuation * Valuation Shares 8) Conclusion 74 9) Bibliography 76 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Research Project Topic: “Analysis and Valuation of the Indian Pharma Sector” The research objectives of this specialization project are: 1) Identifying the key indicators of the Global Pharma Industry 2) Understand and analyze the Indian Pharma Industry and identify the prominent players. 3) To examine the trends in the pharma industry 4) Fundamental and Technical Analyses...
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...Trust unites us Annual Report 2012 siemens.com/answers Company Report 2012 What sets our integrated technology company apart Introduction – page 1 Proximity How Bangalore’s new airport is driving progress across an entire region Global presence – page 8 Ideas How our Biograph mMR scanner is enhancing patient care Technology and innovation – page 20 Strength How efficient technologies are shaping the future of energy Portfolio management – page 34 Networking How intelligent IT solutions are creating unimagined value Cross-business activities – page 54 Diversity How our employees’ wealth of experience is inspiring us Employees and management culture – page 66 How our strategy is pointing the way to the future One Siemens – page 78 COVER PHOTO – James D. Palasek and Amber Sherman, two of the 370,000 Siemens employees working together in our global network of trust. To learn more, please see: SPECIAL REPORT: DIVERSIT Y, PAGES 66-75 When a new international airport is being planned, when a doctor recommends a treatment to a patient, when political leaders and society want to ensure reliable energy supplies for the future, when a company wants to offer tailor-made service solutions, when the development of innovative products demands the creativity, experience and dedication of a wide range of experts, that’s when tough decisions have to be made – far-reaching decisions based on a strong sense of responsibility. The success...
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...1.0. Introduction The first joint venture international full service advertising agency to set up in Bangladesh, GABL is today the largest stand alone agency in Bangladesh with billings of USD 6 million in 2006. GABL is a market leader with a dynamic team of young and talented professionals and has won an unprecedented 4 years in a row (2003-2007) the Agency of the year Award, at the Srijan Samman Awards for all Bengali advertising work done in India and Bangladesh. In additional work done for its local as well as multinational corporate has won innumerable local and international Awards and accolades. GABL is a member of the Grey Group owned by WPP. 1.1 Origin of the report This report is based on the Internship program in Grey Advertising Bangladesh Ltd., client servicing department, as a partial requirement of the B.B.A Program. It is a three credit course to complete the B.B.A program of the Institute of Business Administration, Jahangirnagar University. This report has been prepared under the direct supervision of Assistant Professor Mohammad Nazmul Islam. 1.2. Objective of the study Main objective • To depict a clear picture of activities of an advertising agency from the perspective of GREY Advertising Bangladesh Ltd. Specific Objective • To know the total account management process of Grey Advertising Bangladesh. • To identify the role of the functional departments’ of Grey in delivery of service to the clients...
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...1.1 Introduction of the organization GREY ADVERTISING BANGLADESH LIMITED Grey Advertising Bangladesh Limited is one of the leading advertising agencies in Bangladesh. According to the AD age (An International advertising magazine) Grey is the third largest ad agency in Bangladesh in term of annual revenue. Grey Advertising is one of the newest ad agencies as well. Started only in 1996, Grey has been able to strengthen its market position strongly – thanks to its multinational experience and ‘Global’ approach to business. A Grey Global Group Inc, USA company, Grey has one of the most exquisite portfolios in the country. The major clients are British American Tobacco Bangladesh (BAT), Procter & Gamble (P&G), Glaxo SmithKline (GSK) Vaccination, GSK Consumer Health Care, Philips Lighting, Lafarge Cement, City Cell Digital, Novartis, Dhaka Bank, Gallery Apex, International School Dhaka, Pacific motors, Shark Energy Drink, Igloo, Coca-Cola, Siemens, Aarong etc. It is worth mentioning that BAT, P&G, and GSK are all global partners of GREY WORLDWIDE. The only multinational company in the country, Grey has proven its worth over past few years. From establishing a new brand like Virgin drinks or CityCell Digital to continuing the Global Corporate image of BAT, Grey is termed as the most respected ad agency in Bangladesh. Managed by the professionals having proven track record, Grey maintains one of the smallest workforces to run its multi-million taka operations. The creativity...
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