...usually at around 28 weeks or later many women are diagnosed with gestational diabetes (Pepe, 2004). It is a serious condition with health implications for mother and baby. Gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy (Sugaya, 2005). Pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high blood glucose (sugar) levels during pregnancy are said to have gestational diabetes. Based on recently announced diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes, it is estimated that gestational diabetes affects 18% of pregnancies (National Diabetes Data Group, 2009). According to WHO (2011), GDM affects 3-10% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied, and is growing in prevalence. The World Health Organization criteria as a guide to the severity of hyperglycemia, mentioned that there is a significant increases in the incidences of the more severe grades of GDM in parturient born in the Mediterranean region, Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Egypt, and Arabic countries. Babies born to mothers with GDM are at increased risk of problems typically such as being large for gestational age, low blood sugar, and jaundice (Khan, 2004). Women with GDM are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus after pregnancy (Gabbe, 2010). Up to one-third of affected women have diabetes or impaired glucose metabolism at their postpartum screening (Alberti...
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...Questions on that clinical are not in bold, answers are in bold and additional info are italics so we can dertermie what to plug in and make part of our presentations. 1. What test should be done to evalulate the patients glucose tolerance?...A glucose challenge screening will determine if a glucose tolerance test is needed. A glucose challenge is a test to evaluate how your body processes sugar. A high level in your blood may indicate that your body is not processing sugar effectively (positive test). If the results of this screen are positive, the woman may have the Glucose Tolerance Test performed. It is important to note that not all women who test positive for the Glucose Challenge Screening test are found to have diabetes upon further diagnosis. No preparation is required prior to the test. During the test, the mother is asked to drink a sweet liquid (glucose) and then will have blood drawn one hour from having the drink, as blood glucose levels normally peak within one hour. No fasting is required prior to this test. Prior to the test the glucose tolerance test, your doctor will ask you to make sure that you are eating at least 150mg of carbohydrates for three days prior to the time you will be asked to fast (about what you will get from a slice or two of bread). You will not be permitted to eat or drink anything but sips of water for 14 hours prior to the test, so it is best to schedule the test for first thing in the morning. Additionally, you should...
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...Diabetes Mellitus Quiz (Paper) Metformin is a good oral glycemic agent used for treatment of DM and new research from the US Diabetes Prevention Program ( DPP) shows that it can aid in delaying the onset of the disease when used in patients who are at high risk. Some of the high risk patients include those that are overweight or obese, have a family history, had gestational diabetes or are African American. The study uses 3 groups of people, a placebo group, a intensive lifestyle group and a metformin group. Appoximitely 3000 people have been used in this study and 85% of the original group study continued on in further studies. Approimitely 45% of the group were minorities ethnic backgrounds. Diabetis Mellitis (DM) is becoming more and more prevelant in our society. This article is about ways of helpng those at high risk of developing DM to reduce their risk of getting it or delay the onset. The main component of the article is the use of metformon to delay or reduce the risk of onset of DM. Research has shown that the use of metformin in those that are high risk for getting DM may delay the onset for as long as 15 years. If the patient takes metformin and increases their exercise and diet regimines then the chances of delaying the onset are even greater. Although intensive lifestyle changes still have the best chance for delaying the onset of DM, in the future Metformin may be used to delay the onset as well as for treatment of Diabetes. Did the article contain any additional...
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...prevention activities. Healthy People 2010 focus on various illnesses such as: obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The goal of Healthy People 2010 is to increase the quality of life, the years of a healthy life, and to eliminate health disparities amongst different groups in the population. Diabetes is a specific issue that is affecting 23.6 million children and adults or 7.8% of the population. Description of the target population Diabetes is a disorder where a person’s body cannot produce or respond to insulin. Insulin is a hormone that the body uses to absorb and use glucose as fuel for the cells in the body. Diabetes Mellitus is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States. Diabetes Mellitus can lower the life expectancy by up to 15 years and is the leading cause of kidney failure, lower limb amputations and adult onset blindness. In 2007 Diabetes Mellitus cost the citizens of the United States $174 billion dollars including the cost of treatments, disability, and premature death. In 2010 1.052,000 people were diagnosed with Diabetes. The targeted population that is affected by Diabetes is adults over 20 and African Americans. African Americans in 2010 consisted of 18.7% of the population diagnosed and undiagnosed cases of Diabetes or 4.9 million people. In 2010; 11.3% of people or 25.6 million of the citizens of America were diagnosed with Diabetes. People over 65...
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...Certification Board for Diabetes Educators Handbook & Application Individuals may apply on-line or via the traditional paper method to take the Examination†. The Examination Handbook (Handbook) includes the paper Application, instructions for applying on-line or using the traditional paper method, general information, the Examination content outline, sample questions, references, and policies related to the certification program. There is no charge for the Handbook. The 2016 Handbook will be available in late fall 2015. To obtain the Handbook, send a request including your mailing address, via mail, telephone, facsimile or e-mail to NCBDE’s testing agency after November 1, 2015. It will be mailed to you upon publication. You may also download it from NCBDE’s web site upon publication. CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION FOR DIABETES EDUCATORS Send your Handbook request to: Attention: NCBDE Coordinator Applied Measurement Professionals, Inc. 18000 W. 105th Street, Olathe, KS 66061 Telephone: 913-895-4600 Facsimile: 913-895-4651 E-mail: info@goamp.com www.ncbde.org National Certification Board for Diabetes Educators 330 East Algonquin Road, Suite 4 Arlington Heights, IL 60005 Phone: 877-239-3233 or 847-228-9795 Fax: 847-228-8469 info@ncbde.org “CertifiedDiabetesEducators” tion forma ! e in e’s th quested Her u re yo If you have any questions about certification, visit our web site or contact the NCBDE national office: 2016 National Certification Board for Diabetes Educators 330 E. Algonquin...
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...Diabetes DIABETES More than 3% of the world population has diabetes; diabetes is caused by lack of a hormone called Insulin, which is produced by the organ pancreas to control blood sugar (Miller, 2010). Diabetes has been regarded as one of the biggest killers in the world. There exists three types of diabetes, type one, type two and type three. The most common is diabetes mellitus (Derek LeRoith, 2004). Therefore, Diabetes can be caused by little insulin, resistance to the protein insulin or even both. This paper aims to see to research on what causes diabetes, types of diabetes, the incidence and the risk factors associated with the disease. Problems Diabetes is a condition when there is a sharp rise of sugar levels in the blood. The body finds it difficult to deal with the high concentration of the sugar in the blood. Foods, which contain starch or carbohydrates such as, rice, bread etc and foods that taste sweet are digested in the body into glucose. The pancreas produces a hormone called insulin, which allows glucose to move into cells to be used by our bodies for energy. When glucose levels increase above normal levels it leads to the complications of diabetes. Men and women are equally likely to suffer from diabetes, also being Asian or Afro-Caribbean, overweight, aged between 40 and 75 or having diabetes in the family can increase your risk of type 2 diabetes. To understand...
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...Diabetes Mellitus Machelle Van N140 Instructor’s Name November 5, 2012 Diabetes Mellitus According to the Australian Institute of Health and Wellness, “Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition in which the body makes too little of the hormone insulin or cannot use it properly” (pg. 1, para 1). The pancreas produces insulin which helps glucose to enter cells through the bloodstream; the sugar is then converted into energy. Diabetes is uncontrollable when there is a build-up of glucose in the bloodstream, and there is not enough glucose entering the cells. If left untreated, diabetes can cause damage to the brain, kidney disease, heart disease, stroke, and complications to other parts of the body. Diabetes often appears in childhood or adolescence. Etiology The disease affects more than 20 million Americans and more than 40 million Americans have pre-diabetes that can lead to type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the cells become resistant to the action of insulin, and the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to overcome the resistance. Three Major Types of Diabetes Type I Diabetes | Type 2 Diabetes | Gestational Diabetes | Diagnosed in childhood or adolescence; the disease can occur in adults. | Common than type 1 diabetes; makes up many of the disease. | Develops at any time during pregnancy. | The body cannot produce insulin. | Occurs frequently in young people, and adulthood. | Women are at a higher risk of developing type...
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...Diabetes mellitus is a disease where blood glucose levels go too high, or into hyperglycemia, as a result of no insulin releasing, or insulin resistance and not enough insulin to make up for the insulin resistance. Insulin is a hormone that gets glucose into body cells after glucose is extracted from food molecules. In type 1 diabetes, insulin is not produced or produced in a very little amount, and cannot respond to all insulinogenic stimuli. In type 2 diabetes, insulin is not made well or used well by the body. A third type of diabetes is existent in which there are defects with beta cells or insulin. Prediabetes means that a person is at a high risk to have type 2 diabetes and that a person has high blood glucose but not enough to be diagnosed...
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...Diabetes Mellitus: Current Concepts Review Ashley Patton Breckinridge School of Nursing NU230 July 9, 2013 Diabetes mellitus also known as simple diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria, polydipisia and polyphagia (Ignatavicius &Workman, 2013). There are three main types of diabetes mellitus Type 1 DM, Type 2 DM and gestational diabetes. Type 1 DM results from the body’s failure to produce insulin, and currently requires the person to inject insulin or wear and insulin pump (Ignatavicus & Workman, 2013). Type 2 DM results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency (Ignatavicus & Workman, 2013). Lastly gestational diabetes occurs when pregnant women without a previous diagnosis of diabetes develop a high blood glucose level. It may precede development of Type 2 DM (Ignatavicus & Workman, 2013). This article discusses the different types of diabetes and patient care. Patients with diabetes are needed to do much more than the average individual from preventing blindness to renal failure and preventing other serious complications. Patients with diabetes are asked to follow a meal plan, exercise regularly and also take medication...
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...The American Diabetes Association Paper I think it is smart of me to want to further and develop my professional knowledge and abilities to expand my career success. How I would develop this knowledge are by building important study skills that will promote my success in life. I will strengthen my will to learn and understand my values of education. I will develop and manage my learning, monitor my progress, resulting in greater personal responsibility and the flexibility to adapt to change. “The willingness and eagerness to learn throughout life is the master key that unlocks the doors to my journey. If I keep this key firmly in my hand, I will discover worlds of knowledge and places for myself within them.” Carol Carter, Joyce Bishop, and Sarah Lyman Kravits, (2007), page 427. By using these strategies I will apply my knowledge to my career success. The American Diabetes Association attracted my attention because I can relate to diabetes, so the field I want to pursue a career in is health care management. I have a greater understanding of the seriousness and risk of diabetes and a greater appreciation of the impact and value of proper nutrition and weight management because being a diabetic myself I had to learn to take care of myself. The American Diabetes Association was founded in October 1994 to create substantially accelerate to raise major gifts to fund diabetes research. What make the American Diabetes Association unique is its ability to match a donor’s interests...
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...glucose test and is found to be positive if it is greater than 126. Secondly, an order of two-hour glucose test known as oral glucose tolerance test greater than 200 is positive for diabetes. Lastly if the random glucose plasma level is tested and found to be greater than 200, with demonstrated symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, or polyphagia diabetes can be diagnosed. Functions of insulin Insulin is responsible for assisting the body in the storage of fat by taking lipids from blood into the cells. Additionally, it is responsible for the regulation of glucose by transporting glucose from the blood into the muscles, and liver. Insulin also aids in gluconeogenesis Type1 vs Type 2 DM Type 1 is known to be caused by the autoimmune destruction of the beta cells within the pancreas leading to diabetes. Type 2 is a progressive destruction of the beta cells due to increased glucose levels, leading to a decreased production of insulin over time. Type 1 diabetics require exogenous insulin. However, type 2 have some endogenous supply of insulin but may require additional coverage to reduce glucose levels. Risk factors Risk factors include a positive family history, obesity, poor diet with a sedentary lifestyle, being of African American, Hispanic, Native American or Asian background, gestational diabetes, previous...
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...Diabetes Overview Almost everyone knows someone who has diabetes. An estimated 23.6 million people in the United States—7.8 percent of the population—have diabetes, a serious, lifelong condition. Of those, 17.9 million have been diagnosed, and 5.7 million have not yet been diagnosed. In 2007, about 1.6 million people ages 20 or older were diagnosed with diabetes. … Source: 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey estimates of total prevalence-both diagnosed and undiagnosed-were projected to year 2007. What is diabetes? Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism— the way the body uses digested food for growth and energy. Most of the food people eat is broken down into glucose, the form of sugar in the blood. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the body. After digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream, where it is used by cells for growth and energy. For glucose to get into cells, insulin must be present. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, a large gland behind the stomach. When people eat, the pancreas automatically produces the right amount of insulin to move glucose from blood into the cells. In people with diabetes, however, the pancreas either produces little or no insulin, or the cells do not respond appropriately to the insulin that is produced. Glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and passes out of the body in the urine. Thus, the body loses its main source of fuel even though the blood contains large amounts of...
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...Diabetes Mellitus Christa Hackett SOC 313 Sabrina Geoffrion June 17, 2013 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic, incurable condition of carbohydrate metabolism that involves an imbalance of the supply and demand for insulin; it is the most common of all endocrine conditions (Laffel & Wood, 2007; Olefsky, 2001). Diabetes is a common health condition that affects millions throughout the universe. Diabetes affects millions of people in different and diverse ethnic groups. In the United States diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death. Diabetes is a growing problem in the US and it is becoming an epidemic. There are 3 types of diabetes mellitus, Type-1, Type-2, and Gestational Diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is insulin dependent and accounts for at least 10% of diagnosed cases. In Type 1 diabetes the immune system makes it hard for the body to produce insulin. With no insulin the body cannot transform sugar from food into nutrients for cells. When excess sugar collects in the blood stream, it may eventually cause premature death and heavy damage to organs. Type-1 diabetes can affect adults and children suddenly and require supplemental insulin, a carefully planned diet and exercise regimen. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in young adults, teenagers, and children. Type 1 diabetes happens when the body’s immune system strike and destroys cells in the pancreas, the organ which is located behind the lower part of the stomach. These beta cells commonly produce insulin, the hormone...
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...Notes for Nutrition What is meant by nutrition? Nutrition is the science of how foods affect the human body to promote health and prevent disease. Six Classes of nutrients essential for health. Carbohydrates, fats lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. What is the science of how foods affect the human body to promote health and prevent disease called? Nutrition What is the true statement about healthy lifestyles? When focusing on a healthy lifestyle exercise and nutrition work together. Recognize the key energy nutrients essential for health? Anything that supply calories, fat, protein and carbs. Which major classes of nutrients? Fats, vitamins, proteins, minerals and carbs. Components of a healthy diet. Adequate amount of fiber, energy and nutrients, with balanced choices. What may a healthy diet contain? Adequate energy intake, variety, moderate amount of treats, fiber, intake all nutrients near the recommended daily. Identify the Standard dietary reference intake for nutrients. Two parts What are different measures of DRI, memorize specific DRI, Calcium, Vitamin C All AMDR. Make sure to know the value through the lifecycles. Baby, Children, Adults What is the tolerable upper intake level? (Attached to the end of the paper) The highest level of daily consumption that current data has shown to cause no side effects in humans. Ensures people do not take harmful amounts of supplements. Analyze how the dietary guidelines for Americans can be...
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...Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Diagnosis Gestational diabetes (gestational diabetes mellitus) is a temporary form of diabetes that some women develop during pregnancy. This usually occurs around weeks 24–28 of pregnancy. In gestational diabetes, one or both of these problems may be present: • The pancreas does not make enough of a hormone called insulin. • The cells in the body are less responsive to the insulin that is made (insulin resistance). Normally, insulin moves sugars (glucose) from food into tissue cells. The tissue cells use glucose for energy. Insulin resistance or lack of insulin causes excess glucose to build up in the blood instead of going into the tissue cells. As a result, high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) develops....
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