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...Deutscher Tropentag 2003 Göttingen, October 8-10, 2003 Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development An Analysis of the World Market for Mangos and its Importance for Developing Countries1 Jedele, Stefan, Angela Maria Hau, Matthias von Oppen University of Hohenheim, Agricultural Marketing in the Tropics and Subtropics, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany 1 Introduction To date, developing countries are facing massive economic and social problems. One possible way out of this misery seems to be the opening of the economy in order to participate in the gains arising from international trade. By increasing export volume and export revenues, developing countries expect to create a momentum and, thus, the impetus to stimulate the overall economy (Borchert, 2001: 497). 1.1 Problem Statement The importance of trade for the development process cannot be denied and neither can the importance of agriculture for the overall economy. In the 1950s and 1960s, agriculture was predominantly viewed as an exploitation source of production factors for more dynamic sectors of the economy. This opinion has since been heavily rejected. The role of agriculture has been elevated from a sector merely supplying resources to nourish industrialization to a sector of utmost importance, which increases export earnings, improves the employment situation, and raises the level of food security of developing countries (Alexandratos, 1995: 257-258). 1.2 Objectives and Hypothesis This paper deals...
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...Acids, bases and salts yl:chemistry FRANCINE TAYLOR-CAMPBELL Contributor YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: f Define acid, acid anhydride, base, alkali, salt, acidic, basic, amphoteric and neutral oxides f Relate acidity and alkalinity to the pH scale f Discuss the strengths of acids and alkalis on the basis of their completeness of ionisation f Investigate the reactions of non-oxidising acids with metals, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, bases f Investigate the reaction of bases with ammonium salts f Identify an appropriate method of salt preparation based on the solubility of the salt f Distinguish between acid salts and normal salts POINTS TO NOTE f Non-metals form acidic oxides, while metals form basic oxides. f Amphoteric oxides show both basic and acidic properties, while neutral oxides show neither. f Non-metallic oxides dissolve in water to form acids. f Metallic oxides are basic oxides and dissolve in water to form alkalis. f Acids combine with bases to form salt and water only. f Salts can be formed from the reaction of acids with carbonates, hydrogen-carbonates, alkalis and metals. f The pH of a substance indicates how acidic or basic (alkaline) its aqueous solution is. The pH scale goes from 0 - 14 with a pH less than 7 described as acidic and a pH greater than 7 described as basic or alkaline. One can use pH paper (litmus) or indicator solutions, such as methyl orange and phenolphthalein, to determine whether substances are alkaline...
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