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Gilded Ages

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The Gilded Age



The Gilded Age was a time of huge social change and economic growth in the United States. This time period brought a rapid development in urbanization, industrialization, the building of the railroads, innovations in science, and the rise of big business. New products and technologies improved middle-class quality of life for Americans. The rise of the Gilded Age in American History helped the American economy long-term to this present day.
Economic development in the United Sates was made through the impact of transportation innovations. The Gilded Age brought upon positive changes in America there was a demand of manufactured goods that increased, therefore, needing an efficient way to keep up with high demand. This brought upon the construction of the first transcontinental railroad, connecting the Pacific and Atlantic lines, which would be used for centuries to come. The Pacific Railway Act passed on July 1, 1862 provided what was needed for the construction for this production. In the act it states:
The question of "internal improvements" was constantly before Congress in the 19th century: Should Congress assist in improving the country’s transportation system? One such improvement was the dream of constructing a railroad that would cross the entire country.

Railroading became a highly profitable business venture during this time period. The expansion of the railroads meant that goods and products could be more easily exported around the country and helped the progression of manufacturers selling those goods. The railroads made a broader variety of goods possible for people to obtain. Railroad because allowed people to get across the country out west quicker and safer. Today, the railroad system is still used for transporting goods. This railroad system allowed for new settlements to flourish along the rail networks and people were able to move their families’ great distances much simpler and faster than in the past times. Not only did the railways provide larger opportunity through extending markets, they also inspired more people to start businesses and thereby enter the markets. The expansions of the railroads West help shape the country to what it is today. The presence of railroads helped improve the economic prosperity. Steel production flourished in the Gilded Age. The building of the railroads demanded a high quantity of steel. Due to the industrial power in the United States at the time, in part with the transcontinental railroads, the steel industry rose to one of the most profitable industries of the era. The navy needed steel for its new naval fleet, and cities needed steel to build skyscrapers and machines for the factories. One of the major contributors was Andrew Carnegie who was responsible for two great innovations, the cheap and efficient mass production of steel rails for railroad lines. Carnegie introduced for the first time vertically integration. The way he did business was by buying out all of the companies, including coals and iron, needed to produce the steel, as well as the other companies he saw as competition in the steel industry. In the North American Review Andrew Carnegie explains the wealth that is being distributed with the steel industry rising:
The conditions of human life have not only been changed, but revolutionized within the past few hundred years. In former days there was little difference between the dwelling, dress, food, and environment of the chief and those of his retainers… the contrast between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with us to-day measures the change, which has come with civilization.

What Andrew Carnegie did was that he found a way to make the steel cheap and affordable and the productions itself help create more jobs for Americans wanting that better life.
The creation of the Homestead Act of 1862 had a positive effect on the economy in the United States. This act opened up settlement in the western United States, allowing any American to put in a claim for up to 160 free acres of federal land.4 This improved the economy because it allowed people to migrate west, build a new home, and plant acres of crops to sell with no charge. In the act in states, “Claimants were required to “improve” the plot by building a dwelling and cultivating the land”. This let farmers increase their output of goods as well as creating more jobs to boost the economy. This boosted the agriculture economy in the country as well as letting the people get a chance to live the “American dream”. The document continues, “After 5 years on the land, the original filer was entitled to the property, free and clear, except for a small registration fee.”4 This act let Americans expand and build with out costing them little to no money. In today’s world the farms established during the Gilded Age rely on the technological advances that developed during the Industrial Revolution and flourished thanks to the hundreds of thousands of farms established under the Homestead Act.
The Gilded Age brought many changes in the country as well as the transformation from an agricultural and business economy to a succeeding industrial economy. The building of the transcontinental railroad, the rise of the steel industry, and the creation of the Homestead Act of 1862 are all events that have help shape and grow the United Sates economy to what it is today.
Bibliography

" Carnegie, Andrew. "Wealth." The North American Review 148.391 (1889): 653-64.
Web.

This source is a review made from the well-known Andrew Carnegie and how he perceives the time of the Gilded Age. Carnegie explains how the meaning of wealth has changed and has a whole new meaning. He also goes into to depth how what it is like to live in this time. This was a very helpful and useful source because it was Andrew Carnegie’s viewpoint first hand.

"Digital History." Digital History. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2015. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu

The source was used in the paper to get extended information about the building of the transcontinental railroad and steel industry. The site was full of credited knowledge that helped further the points being made in paper and add more facts that were interesting that dealt with the economy.

"Homestead Act (1862)." Our Documents -. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2015. http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=31 This source was the actual legal document online. It was extremely helpful and reliable to be able to get such a sacred document online for the paper. Having this act in the paper allows for the points to be proven and facts to be given on how the act actually worked word for word. The website had the actual document which was interesting to see but than also had the document typed up in normal font so it was easier to read.

Pacific Railway Act (1862)." Our Documents -. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2015. http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=32 This source was another extremely useful document that was obtainable through the Internet. It was very informative and explained how the government went about the construction on the railroads first hand. The website had the actual document which was interesting to see but than also had the document typed up in normal font so it was easier to read. Very helpful when writing this paper.

--------------------------------------------
[ 1 ]. "Pacific Railway Act (1862)." Our Documents -. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2015.
[ 2 ]. "Digital History." Digital History. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2015.
[ 3 ]. Carnegie, Andrew. "Wealth." The North American Review 148.391 (1889): 653-64. Web.
[ 4 ]. "Homestead Act (1862)." Our Documents -. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.

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