...Physics Unit 1 Revision (higher tier) Energy There are 9 different forms of energy: Light Heat Chemical Kinetic (movement) Electrical Elastic (Gravitational) potential Nuclear Sound Energy is never created or destroyed! Energy is transferred from one form to another form. Not all of the energy transferred by a device is useful energy. Potential energy is stored energy. All energy will eventually spread out to the surroundings as heat. Sample question 1 Sankey diagrams and efficiency Sample sankey diagram for a light bulb Sankey diagrams are ways of representing the different energy transformations that take place in different electrical devices. The start of the sankey diagram shows the total energy going into the device. The diagram then splits off into different sized arrows to represent the other energy transfers that take place, the bigger the arrow the larger the energy. The energy entering the device must equal the energy leaving the device. To know how good a device is at transferring energy you need to be able to calculate the efficiency. To do that you need to use the following equation (which will be given in the exam) OR So for the above example the answer would be Efficiency= 10100=0.1 The closer the efficiency is to 1 the more useful energy the device is transferring. So for the light bulb example we got an efficiency of 0.1, so the light bulb isn’t very good and transferring useful energy. Sample question 2 ...
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...A Technical Paper titled ‘EVERY WATT IS PRECIOUS’ [pic] BY SANKET S. VYAVAHARE & JIVRAJ P. PAPDIWAL B.TECH (MECHANICAL) COEP CONTACT: E-mail:- 1.SANKET- vyavaharess11@yahoo.in 2. JIVRAJ – jivraj22@gmail.com Mobile: - 1.SANKET -9028184677 2. JIVRAJ-9881838482 ABSTRACT: “Every Watt is precious” Energy lies at the core of all economic activity & controls a country’s rate of growth and development; the type and volume of our energy usage determines our environment. In the case of the developing countries, like ours, the energy sector assumes a critical importance in the view of the ever increasing energy needs requiring huge investments to meet them. If India is to achieve the targeted growth in GDP, it would need commensurate input of energy, mainly commercial energy in the form of coal, oil, gas and electricity. However, India’s fossil fuel reserves are limited. Among the various strategies for meeting energy demand, efficient use of energy and its conservation emerges out to be the least cost option in any given strategies, apart from being environmentally benign. In our effort of writing this paper we hereby want to put forth the Scope for Energy Conservation both in Residential as well as in the Non Residential areas, ‘Energy Efficient Technologies’, their financial analysis & want to prove the fact that use of some of...
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...differentiation and quality. Since most of the existing or potential customers are already price insensitive, GUCCI uses its slogan to reinforce its brand image by concentrates on product quality. The logo of Gucci is GG, with the second G upside down. The design logo is simple and plain, yet it represents elegance, prestige and power. The representation of the logo also consists with GUCCI’s identity and brand value. The company set a clear, inspiring vision: "Gucci has become a beautiful symbol of maturity with aristocratic lines, and no longer a boring established icon." (Maximizing Your Brand Value (FL51)) Employees The characteristics of employees in GUCCI reflect company’s values. Thus, GUCCI pays special attention in selecting and training its store salespeople and product designers. When entering into GUCCI, customers can spot that all the employees are dressing in black suits. The employees dress up in suits to represent “high class.” Employees dressing code symbolizes GUCCI’s value on formality. With formal attire, customers feel that GUCCI treats them with high respect. Also, the formal attire communicates the brand itself – prestige, power, chic, and elegance. Black color also associated with meaning sophistication, and mystery. Moreover, we also found out that the salespeople share similar physical characteristics, for example, they are tall, beautiful, handsome, and with modern haircuts. Again, this enhances the brand image of GUCCI. It sends out positive message...
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...ENERGY Renewable Energy: An Overview DOE/GO-102001-1102 FS175 March 2001 EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY What is Renewable Energy? Renewable energy uses energy sources that are continually replenished by nature—the sun, the wind, water, the Earth’s heat, and plants. Renewable energy technologies turn these fuels into usable forms of energy—most often elec- tricity, but also heat, chemicals, or mechanical power. Why Use Renewable Energy? Today we primarily use fossil fuels to heat and power our homes and fuel our cars. It’s convenient to use coal, oil, and natural gas for meeting our energy needs, but we have a limited supply of these fuels on the Earth. We’re using them much more rapidly than they are being created. Even- tually, they will run out. And because of safety concerns and waste disposal prob- lems, the United States will retire much of its nuclear capacity by 2020. In the mean- time, the nation’s energy needs are expected to grow by 33 percent during the next 20 years. Renewable energy can help fill the gap. Even if we had an unlimited supply of fos- sil fuels, using renewable energy is better for the environment. We often call renew- able energy technologies “clean” or “green” because they produce few if any pollutants. Burning fossil fuels, however, sends greenhouse gases into the atmos- phere, trapping the sun’s heat and con- tributing to global warming. Climate scientists generally agree that the Earth’s average temperature has risen in the past century...
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...properties of the material is difficult. Nanotechnology, on the other hand, is a bottom-up approach where materials are created by placing individual atoms together. This decreases the randomness in the structural formation, enabling significant control over the properties of the material. Mechanical properties such as strength, ductility, and resilience can all be incorporated into one material. Currently, nanotechnology is functioning as an enabling technology. It is being used to enhance the properties of existing materials. This is largely attributed to the fact that the technology has clearly not been understood and there is still much more to nanotechnology than meets the microscopic eye. It is rare for a single technology to have the power to dramatically influence almost every major industry in the world. Nanotechnology falls into this category and offers fundamentally new capabilities to architect a broad array of novel materials, composites and structures on a molecular scale. This technology has the potential to drastically redefine the methods used for developing lighter, stronger, and high-performance structures and processes with unique and non-traditional properties. This paper focuses on some of the automotive applications for nanotechnology and showcases a few of them that are believed to have the highest probability of success in this highly competitive industry. No discussion of nanotechnology is...
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...Efficient use and installation of Thermal Mass to utilize solar thermal energy Submitted to: Dr. M.S. Soni Submitted by: Prateek Jain(2011B1A4696P) Chintan Singhvi(2011B2A4811P) Contents ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................................... 3 KEY WORDS ................................................................................................................................................... 3 BASIC OPERATING PRINCIPLE ....................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 4 THEORY ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Data Collected: ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Analysis of material thermal properties and performance: ................................................................... 11 Measurements of the hostel rooms: ...........................
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...eye. The IR receiver is used to receive the reflected infrared rays of eye. If the eye is closed means the output of IR receiver is high otherwise the IR receiver output is low. This to know the eye is closing or opening position. This output is give to logic circuit to indicate the alarm. This project involves controlling accident due to unconscious through Eye blink. Here one eye blink sensor is fixed in vehicle where if anybody looses conscious and indicate through alarm. CONTENTS 1. Introduction ……....……………….………………………………..……6 2. System Model…….……………………………………………….…….7 2.1 Basic Model of The System …….…..……………………..…….7 2.2 Circuit Diagram …….……………………………………..……...8 2.3 Parts of The System …………………………...………..………..9 2.3.1 IR Sensing Circuit………..…….………..……………….9 2.3.2 Alarm Circuit……..………………………………………11 2.3.3 LM358 Comparator………….………………………….13 3. Hardware Description………………………………………..……….. 14 3.1 Microcontroller (AT89S52)……………………………..………..16 3.2 Liquid Crystal Display….……..……………………………….. 18 3.3 Power Supply….………………….………………….………….20 4. Software……………………………………………………….………..22 4. 1 Introduction to KEIL…………………………………….………. 22 4.2 What is...
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...Lighting Lighting is an essential aspect of home furnishings that also makes interiors more pleasant and allows tasks and activities to be completed much more easily. Lighting energy and therefore, consumer cost, is a necessary consideration. Lamp is the technical term for what we call commonly a light bulb. A luminaire is the technical term for what is commonly called a lamp or fixture, which is a complete lighting unit. It includes the lamp holder, power connection, and any internal devices such as reflectors. Purposes of Lighting The purposes of residential lighting are: 1. Ambient lighting- needed to perform routine activities 2. Task lighting- needed to perform specific tasks such as reading 3. Decorative lighting- needed to create an aesthetically pleasing environment All three types of lighting are frequently combined in a space, and their purposes may overlap as required by the time of day or the uses of the room. Ambient Lighting- is also referred to as general lighting. It provides uniform light for general purposes but not enough for specific tasks. Ambient light can be direct or indirect. Direct- when direct light is used, nearly 90-100 percent of the light is directed toward the surface to be lit. The direct light shines directly downward from the luminaire. Downlights are fixtures that are installed on the ceiling or wall to cast light below. If...
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...only one of every five plastic drink bottles used” (Barnes 1). A culture of littering was nearly accepted by older generations. Today, Americans represent “5% of the world’s population but generates 30% of the world’s garbage” (UtahRecycles 1). This shows that we talk way more than we actually show in the U.S. I believe that the U.S Government should enforce recycling classes so that students will be more educated and think twice when they recycle because people feel that recycling is optional and not needed. It would inform you about what to recycle, how to recycle, and what not to do. Oregon State University has already begun online classes for students interested in recycling. Classes would be required just like taking a health class and enforced to 6th graders and only have to be for a semester because just like taking care of our own bodies, we need to take care of the Earth’s body. First, taking a recycling class can show you that recycling requires minimal consumer involvement for maximum return. For example, for paper products can be recycled unless it’s contaminated with bodily fluids such as napkins. Recycling paper, reduces demand by using less energy instead of using new wood every time. Also, items we wouldn’t expect such as glass except light bulbs and mirror/window glass can be recycled but it needs to be cleaned out. Classes can inform...
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...First Complete Guide to Laptop & Notebook Repair And Laptop & Notebook Video/Graphics/GPU Repair All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission from the author. Laptop Repair Complete Guide Review(s) from actual buyer (Amazon.com) 5.0 out of 5 stars I recommend this book highly!, September 30, 2011 By peyman khodadadi See all my reviews Amazon Verified Purchase (What's this?) This review is from: Worlds First Complete Guide To Laptop & Notebook Repair (Paperback) I bought this book "World's First Complete Guide to Laptop & Notebook Repair" and I loved it. I learned a lot from this book. It is gives you a step by step knowledge on what to do to repair your laptop. It is not that basic that you get bored. Still has a very easy to understand language that all type of people can learn from. If you have a basic knowledge of Electronic and would like to step into laptop repair world, I recommend this book highly. Help other customers find the most helpful reviews Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Report abuse | Permalink Comment Comment 5.0 out of 5 stars A very Informative Book. Things you need to know to fix a Laptop!, August 7, 2011 By Kevin See all my reviews Amazon Verified Purchase (What's this?) This review is from: Worlds First Complete Guide To Laptop & Notebook Repair (Paperback) This is...
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...energy consumed worldwide and are major contributors for greenhouse gases. Hence, with the intention of reducing the energy usage which reduces the environmental pollution energy efficient measures have been introduced. The goal of these measures is to decrease the energy use of the building substantially and provide the building's energy needs with on-site renewable energy supply like Photovoltaics. This results in a concept called Net zero energy buildings or Zero Energy Buildings. Zero energy building (ZEB) is a building with zero energy consumption i.e., it consumes only the amount of energy generated by the renewable power on the building site. NZEBs produce zero carbon emissions annually as various renewable energy technologies are deployed on the building site. This paper addresses the energy efficient measures that can be implemented to cut down the power consumption. The energy efficient features implemented in ZEBs for energy savings is justified with a case study. I. INTRODUCTION The environmental effects that Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions across countries at different levels of development received global attention on what has been done to mitigate these emissions. The continued growth of global emissions of carbon dioxide due to energy consumption and their adverse effects on global warming forces the world to save the environment from further damage. As per EPA in 2011, the combustion of fuels to electrify the homes, buildings and industry in U.S. accounted to...
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...LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY Sustainability report The sustainability of “cumber high” 2/6/2014 This report will outline the methods of sustainability for a proposed secondary/sixth form school in the Liverpool area. The school must meet certain criteria in terms of sustainability in materials and waste management etc. Contents Definition 2 Introduction 2 Noise pollution 3 Impact on traffic 5 Sustainability of Materials Used. 5 The Importance of Using Sustainable Materials. 5 Concrete 5 Glass 6 Timber 6 Tarmac 6 Felt 7 Sustainability of resources and waste management 8 Waste management 8 Techniques 9 Recycling 9 Sustainability of the energy supply 10 Water sustainability 10 Social impact 11 Economic impact 12 Conclusion 12 References 13 Definition To be sustainable is to be capable of being continued with minimal long term effects on the environment. Sustainability needs to be able to be maintained at a certain rate or level (sustainable to economic growth) and must be able to be upheld and defend against the environment Introduction In this report the sustainability of cumber high will be explored and developed upon to ensure that the design of the school makes use of all the techniques and materials that are available to us that will reduce the carbon footprint of the build. It will discuss our choices and their possible impacts on the surrounding area. In this report the techniques that will be discussed are as...
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...Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc. (KKD) is an exclusive brand that offers doughnuts, beverages, collectibles, and franchise opportunities. It started as a small bakery in Winston Salem, North Carolina on July 13, 1937; and has evolved into a publicly traded firm boasting 395 retail stores and over three million dollars in sales (second quarter 2010). This was not always the case however, by the end of 2004, the economy began to slow. This caused businesses in competition with Krispy Kreme to flood their market hindering plans that Krispy Kreme had of expansion. Eventually they would have to scale back due to declining sales. Consumer interest in low carbohydrate diets such as the “Atkins” and “South Beach” diet plans are somewhat to blamed for these declines in sales. KKD’s total revenues hasn’t been steady since 2005, it has gone from the five million dollar range at the close of 2006 to the four million dollar range at the close of 2007. This decline in sales was followed by a system wide decrease in retail stores. KKD’s retail operation was cut down from 433 stores at the end of 2005 to 395 stores at the end of 2007. However, this didn’t mean the end for KKD because the fast food restaurant industry that KKD competes in has experienced an ever-increasing growth during the last twenty years. This trend is expected to continue because of the percentage of Americans who work more and eat less home cooked meals keeps increasing. KKD executives believe that the key to improving the firm’s...
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...These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If interference generated by this unit is suspected, call Brink’s Customer Care at 1-800-445-0872. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: ♦ Re-orient the radio/television antenna; ♦ Move the television or receiver away from the unit. ♦ Plug the unit and the TV/radio receiver into different outlets, i.e. not on the same circuit breaker. ♦ Contact Brinks Home Security or an experienced TV/Radio technician for additional suggestions. ♦ Review additional instructions on www.mybrinks.com. This equipment complies with FCC Rules, Part 68. On the outside of this equipment is a label that contains, among other information, the FCC Registration Number and Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) for this equipment. If requested, provide this information to your telephone company. This equipment is equipped with a USOC RJ31X connector. This equipment is designed to be connected to the telephone...
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...Published by American International Press. All rights reserved. www.aipbooks.com We’d like to thank Bret’s dad whose Tivo© and love of MacGyver made this book possible. So blame him. Chapter I: Great Escapes Chapter List Keep Your Cool: Escape from a Meat Locker Take That, Indy: Escape from a Pit of Snakes The Amazing MacGyver: Escape from a Straitjacket while Trapped Underwater Escape from an Incinerator Escape a Pack of Hunting Dogs Escape from the Basement of a Collapsed Building Escape from Being Blown to Kibbles and Bits Chapter II: Car Troubles Make a Stick-Shift Car Drive Itself Repair a Busted Brake Line While in a Moving Car Fake a Flat Tire Recharge a Car Battery with a Bottle of Wine Lift Your Car with a Innertube Repair a Broken Fuel Line with a Ballpoint Pen A MacGyver Classic: Make an Arcwelder from a Car Battery and Pocket Change Chapter List Chapter III: Angus Macgyver: Superspy/ Chemistry Teacher Make a Fire Extinguisher with the Contents of Your Kitchen Cabinet stop an Acid Leak with a Chocolate Bar Read the Contents of a Burned Sheet of Paper Make Your Own Homemade Tear Gas Make a Homemade Spectroscope Create Your Own Homemade Fog Develop Photos with Battery Acid, Ammonia, and Orange Juice Power a Radio with a Cactus Use a Photographic Fixer as an Antidote and an Icepack Chapter List Chapter IV: Breaking and Entering (use only for good,...
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