...Environmental Issues on Global Health Seven Environmental Issues Complete the following chart by identifying seven environmental issues that affect global health. In the second column, describe in complete sentences how the issue affects global health. Environmental issue How does the issue affect global health? Overpopulation The Earth’s natural resources are already being consumed at an unsustainable rate. Many of these resources are required to support world health and human life (Donnatelle, 2010). Human population is expected to increase dramatically over the next decade. This, alone, is the greatest threat to life on our planet. Air pollution Air pollution affects everything from agriculture and ecosystems to human health, on a global scale. The five major air pollutants are ground-level ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide (Donnatelle, 2010). A majority of these pollutants are the result of human action. One example being coal power plants. These plants release greenhouse gas emissions and particle air pollution. The burning of the coal creates pollutant byproducts. Other forms of industrial pollution, exhaust fumes, burning wood, and several forms of indoor air pollutants result in air contamination. The combination of various air contaminates can be extremely toxic. The pollutants irritate the lungs and may even cause respiratory diseases and cancer in humans (Donnatelle, 2010). Ozone Layer Depletion / Global...
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...* Moral Issues In Business * Environmental Protection Why Is The Issue of Environment Crucial To Us Today? The resources of this planet are finite and limited – as also its capacity to absorb and dispose of all the waste and garbage we generate. ‘Growth’ ‘Progress’ and ‘Development’ have spelt out one thing: increased consumption of material goods. Increased consumption of material goods has led to irreversible exploitation of natural resources: wood, fossil fuels, water to mention only a few. Rapid industrialization and global trends ↓ Grave problems of ecological imbalance and environmental degradation Environmental destruction is the result of man’s interference with Nature. We all require clean air, fresh, unpolluted water and a healthy habitat. But we also want large houses, all the latest gadgets, big cars and all other material amenities. Modern industry has provided us with unprecedented material prosperity. It has also created unparalleled environmental threats to us and our future generations. Modern technology has enabled us to manipulate and control nature – e.g. quick yielding seeds, artificial rain, BT vegetables and cereals, multiple crops etc. But this has led to increased pollution and severe depletion of natural resources. - Pollutants are pumped into the air - Toxic wastes are produced and dumped into soil, water and seas Major problems facing the world in the 21st century: - Population growth - Global...
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...Global Environmental Change 17 (2007) 445–459 Barriers perceived to engaging with climate change among the UK public and their policy implications Irene Lorenzonia,b,������, Sophie Nicholson-Coleb, Lorraine Whitmarshb a School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK b Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Received 25 August 2006; received in revised form 12 January 2007; accepted 17 January 2007 Abstract This paper reports on the barriers that members of the UK public perceive to engaging with climate change. It draws upon three mixed-method studies, with an emphasis on the qualitative data which offer an in-depth insight into how people make sense of climate change. The paper defines engagement as an individual’s state, comprising three elements: cognitive, affective and behavioural. A number of common barriers emerge from the three studies, which operate broadly at ‘individual’ and ‘social’ levels. These major constraints to individual engagement with climate change have implications for achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gases in the UK. We argue that targeted and tailored information provision should be supported by wider structural change to enable citizens and communities to reduce their carbon dependency. Policy implications for effective engagement are discussed. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Climate...
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...Environmental & Global Health Issues Barbara Salinas Community Health Practice SZT1 Western Governors University August 29, 2014 Environmental & Global Health Issues SARS The first pandemic of the 21st century began in February of 2003. The people of Asia were the first to be infected but the disease quickly spread world-wide. By the end of this pandemic over 8,000 people had become ill and 774 had died. The illness associated with this pandemic is known as Severe Acute Reparatory Syndrome, or SARS. The infectious agent associated with SARS is a virus that appears to have crown-like spikes on its surface. This virus is known as the coronavirus. This virus has four sub-groups and was commonly known to infect animals. In the 1960’s there were six strains of the coronavirus that were discovered to have the ability to infect humans. The particular strain of this virus responsible for SARS was the SARS-CoV. This particular strain of the virus has the ability to infect humans and animals (CDC, 2012). SARS is a contagious virus that is spread through droplets from person to person. This occurs as the infected person coughs or sneezes on or near a non-infected person. The droplets travel through the air as they land on the non-infected person the virus begins to invade their body. Shortly after the SARS-CoV virus has invaded and multiplied in the human body the individual may begin to experience upper respiratory symptoms such as high fever, headache...
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...Collapse- book is about a history topic about how societies choose to fail or survive. The main characters are historical people and unknown kings of Mayan cities or Easter Island villages. Jared Diamond tells the story of the Viking explorer Erik the Red, who discovered Greeland and Vinland (Terranova, in Canada). Another character is captain Olafsson, a norse sailor who wrote the last news about Greenland in 1410. Another main character is Christopher Columbus, who arrived at Hispaniola in 1492, but now this island is two countries, the Dominican Republic and the Haiti. Diamond studied the politics of two presidents. the dominican Rafael Trujillo, who protected the enviroment and the dictator François, Papa Doc, Duvalier, who decided on politics of deforestatation of his country, Haiti. The author considered the bad politics of another main character, king George II, who was interested in sending merinosheeps from Spain to Australia, an idea which was succesful from 1820 to 1950 but then the farmers understood their lands lost fertility. Another main character is Tokuwaga Jeayasu, a shogun of Japan in 1600, who prohibited Christianity in 1600 and protected his country againt deforestation. The book takes us to a lot of places around the globe: Mayan cities, Rwanda, Viking colonies of Vinland or Greenland, Haiti and Dominican Republic, Easter Island and Polynesian colonies in Pacific, and the Chaco villages in New Mexico (United States). The time period was from 800 AC, when...
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...The issues that our company has to address is setting up a for profit business in a place where there are the many disasters and calamities that are affecting the area. Another issue is that there are environmental elements that cause damage to the island which can in turn jeopardize the economy due to the fact that the majority of the resources that are used to support the country come from agricultural means. Along with the many instances of environmental threats, there are also external and internal disasters that have affected the island. Upon arrival I am greeted with the aftermath of a set of disasters that has recently ailed Kava. The objective of the company is to set up business here and in doing so give some of what has been taken away back to the country. This is easily said than done. There are a lot of things to consider in solving the problem. The main concentration at this point will be organizational processes, human resources, and ethics. The organizational processes of the company are to flow together to do the best thing for the people involved in the company while also making profit. In order for us to be successful, our organizational processes need to aim for the most beneficial way to introduce and do business here in Kava. Having the company here will help to bring in a new additive to the economy. There will be new area of work opened to the people here The decision-maker weights the previously identified criteria in order The various key...
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...Name: Jacob ZumBrunnen Date: December 8, 2014 M8 Module 8 – Aviation National and International Laws and Regulations, and Environmental Issue LOB 4 Explain the impact of environmental issues and environmental laws in the aviation industry Web Support link: http://www.nbaa.org/advocacy/issues/environment/ Minimizing the industries environmental impact. The aviation community has led the way in promoting advances aimed at reducing its environmental footprint for many years. Aviation emissions only make up a fraction of all of the transportation emissions, while business aviation makes up an even smaller fraction of that. As an example of something to reduce emissions and optimize aircraft performance and flight range over a decade ago winglets were introduced into general aviation. This equipment also contributed to more efficient fuel burn and is now in place on a large number of general aviation aircraft. In addition, the industry continues to reduce engine emissions by applying new technologies, which means that today’s aircraft engines are cleaner, quieter, and more fuel-efficient than ever. Operational improvements advanced by business aviation also have resulted in national airspace system efficiencies that help the environment. Over two years ago, NBAA members began equipping aircraft, at their own cost, with cockpit technology allowing for reduced vertical separation minimums (RVSM), effectively doubling the system’s airspace capacity. In spite...
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... 4. References 1. Introduction “On the high seas, majority of shipping companies are nowadays replacing the full speed ahead with slow and steady speed to maximize profit”. With the intention of cutting costs of fuel, ocean shipping companies are instructing their Captains at sea to throttle back the engines and this phenomenon is what is being called as “Slow Steaming”. In most of the cases, the vessels are taking as many as 15 days to make an Atlantic crossing that used to take just 10 days. 2. Practical Application According to Asaf Ashar, the head of the National Ports and Waterways Institute in Washington “Companies are more focused on reducing costs, not speed of delivery, and the trend will continue even after the global economy comes back." Nearly all of the world's shipping lines are using slow steaming at least part of the time, he said. I sail onboard crude oil carriers, managed by Wallem Shipmanagement and Stena Bulk, and this practice of throttling back on engine to save fuel was used in all voyages we made in 2011. One of the companies which has recently reported huge savings with this practice is the Copenhagen-based A.P. Moeller-Maersk, the world's biggest ocean cargo line. Maersk, which has a fleet bigger than the U.S. Navy, swung to a 639 million dolar profit in the first three months of the year 2010, the most recent quarter reported, from a 373 million dollar loss in the same period last year 2009. The sharp improvement came with the help of...
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...Environmental Issues and Schools of Thought An environmental issue greatly affecting the Florida Gulf Coast counties are the protection of the shores and beaches. Through recent years there have been oil spills in the gulf that have threatened numerous environments, endangered species, as well as hurt the tourism industry. The most threatening spill was the famous BP oil spill of 2010. This spill devastated numerous species of wildlife and hurt businesses for years. Although this is an ongoing threat, the greedy oil industry is still pushing for more offshore drilling which is forcing activists of all organizations to step up and fight their plans for more drilling. There two schools of thought that should be taken into account for people dealing with this issue. The first is pluralism. The state's elected leaders need to see both sides to this issue so they can vote and make an elected decision. If they were to see both sides to this environmental problem then they could come up with a strategy to have both sides agree to the plan. Without the idea of pluralism there would be no way to understand all aspects of this issue. The other school of thought relative to this issue is ethical extensionism, which means that all things in nature should be extended moral standing. People with this view will this these animals that have no say in the matter, but should be thought of in any decisions made. They are just as important to Florida's coast as humans are to the boating...
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...SHIPPING TRENDS Capt. S. Pullat BA, MCIT, MCIArb, FICS AUMNI Shipping Consultants In the midst of technological developments, its application and futuristics, the Customers seem to be relegated to the back seat. Beware, if one does not treat them like a King or at least a la Prince, they could be King makers, and any case has a decisive role to play in all our endeavours for success. For, if we are driven by technology alone –as predominantly this forum is- we must ensure that it is affordable, safe, has redundancy and environmentally and user friendly as well. Technology per se does not solve problems, it enables problem solving and must be proactive too so that obsolescence can be planned and replacement provided for. Perhaps there is a lot to learn from the Computer industry, software sector in particular, as to how upgradation or newgradation is to be effected frequently. A cyclical and capital-intensive industry such as shipping has been slow to change and innovate, so much so it is driven by regulators and not industry itself. Such hindsight methodology has considerable time lag before ushering in corrective measures and in the interim the industry’s image and perception has suffered in the eyes of users and the public at large. Handful are the cases where ships are built to higher specifications than the bare minimum that Class calls for. A major operator recently citing experience criticised the need to shell out huge sums to overcome the cost saving nexus...
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...QUESTION 1 : WHERE DOES THE FLAG STATE AND PORT STATE JURISDICTION COMPLIMENT & CONTRADICT WITH EACH OTHER. GIVE A FEW EXAMPLE TO STREGTHEN YOUR CASE In an effort to enhance broader security issues, especially good governance, anti-trafficking, anti-corruption and counter-SALW proliferation, Port States take measures to prevent unwanted vessels, including those with armed security teams, from entering and disembarking at their ports. Port State control complements the obligation of Flag States to inspect and control vessels by undertaking investigations or verification of vessels calling at their port to ensure compliance with international obligations or standards. In the event of transgressions, violators can be forced to pay reparations to the Port State, which can arrest or even blacklist their vessels. Flag State maritime security regulations, however, generally only cover issues such as the types of weapon systems that can be brought onboard, how many guards can be embarked, certification requirements and background credentials for embarked PCASP and, in some circumstances, application procedures to gain Flag State approval for taking a security detail onboard. However, these Flag-State restrictions do not address other pertinent issues such as embark and disembark procedures for PCASP, which frequently take place in countries other than the Flag State, Rules for the Use of Force, oversight and reporting protocols, and code of conduct. QUESTION 2 : HOW COULD...
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...citations to that material. Use 12 point font, normal 1.15 inch margins, and 1.5 line spacing for your paper. Length of paper will vary with the detail of your answers but it should be at least 8-10 pages. Instead of being designed as a management decision-making exercise, this case places you in the position of environmentalists as you decide what course of action to initiate evaluating both ethical and economic issues. Harvard Business Review Summary: In July 2009, Vale NL began building a $2.17 billion nickel refinery in Long Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador. The refinery would bring economic prosperity by creating 1,600 to 2,000 jobs during construction and 400 to 500 permanent jobs in an area of high unemployment. The project's environmental assessment process began 2006 and the company had successfully completed the required environmental impact statements for the government. A major environmental issue was the disposal of tailings from the refinery, and the approved solution was to store them in a natural lake known as Sandy Pond. Members of several environmental NGOs had opposed the use of the lake as a...
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...growing importance of global civil society in global environmental politics. Is this phenomenon synonymous with global environmental governance? The globalization phenomenon has altered many facets of the contemporary world. Areas of governance such as states’ policy making, the way companies do business, and how information is shared have all been affected by the increasingly globalized world. With all of these changes occurring at a rapid pace, state sovereignty has been challenged by a plethora of other actors who now can claim some form of governance in the global system. In the modern world sources of authority such as international governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, social movements, and multinational corporations all have joined the state in establishing governance on a wide array of issues: “Activist groups, business associations and policy research institutes now provide research and policy advise, monitor the commitments of states, inform governments and the public about the actions of their own diplomats and those of negotiation partners, and give diplomats at international meetings direct feedback (Betsill 243). In particular, one such area of global governance where there is a question of governmental authority can be seen in global environmental politics. Over the last few decades, the role of non-state actors in global governance has increased as citizens have taken their own initiatives to instigate environmental reforms: “Carefully...
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...failures of environmental multilateralism demonstrate the need for a World Environment Organisation.’ Critically evaluate this claim. One of the main challenges that face environmental politics today is a significant lack of integration between the global governance structures that address ecological matters. The international trade system has some of the most powerful institutional actors, such as the World Trade Organisation, where legal rules are supported by a dispute resolution body, trade sanctions, as well as the power to authorise other retaliation tactics when a country does not comply with a ruling (Eckersley 2003.) In contrast, the existing multilateral framework for environmental politics provides a fragmented, and incoherent arrangement to govern some of the most important ecological issues. Organisations like the United Nations Environmental Programme, for example, are supported by voluntary member state contributions, and lack the financial foundation, as well as the legal mandate to express sound environmental policy-making. As quoted by Eckersley (2003), “judged in terms of size and teeth, we might regard the WTO as a large tiger and MEAs as a ragged collection of small cats” (pp. 2.) This paper makes the case for a reorganisation of environmental governance, with the specific transformation of UNEP into a World Environment Organisation (WEO.) A WEO is argued to be able to provide an authoritative voice and force to issues of the global commons, as...
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...Theory is designed to provide students with an understanding of historical and contemporary issues that influence the development of accounting thought. As it has developed accounting theory has three main approaches, the descriptive or positive, the normative and the critical viewpoints. Based on these theoretical perspectives this unit will examine current issues such as social and environmental accountability, the ethical and global dimensions of accounting and the political context within which accounting policy decisions are made. The unit will take a research focus in that the work of researchers in accounting will be discussed. Accounting Theory is designed to provide students with an understanding of historical and contemporary issues that influence the development of accounting thought. As it has developed accounting theory has three main approaches, the descriptive or positive, the normative and the critical viewpoints. Based on these theoretical perspectives this unit will examine current issues such as social and environmental accountability, the ethical and global dimensions of accounting and the political context within which accounting policy decisions are made. The unit will take a research focus in that the work of researchers in accounting will be discussed. Accounting Theory is designed to provide students with an understanding of historical and contemporary issues that influence the development of accounting thought. As it has developed accounting theory...
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