...Global Exploration and global empires 1500-1700 Name: Institution: Course: Date: Slave trade was so evident in European countries because most Europeans would get Africans and sell them in European markets to work in their farms. They would be punished, beaten, overworked and also not well taken care of. Most of them died in the work places due to lack of energy and food. So they would not go on with the work. The Portuguese were people who were specialized in many different types of work like merchants, artisans, vendors and shoppers (David, 1987). They were very hardworking people such that by early morning they were moving towards the docks in Lisbon. Portugal built an empire based on commerce. This was in September 1600. The people who had arrived early had the opportunity of getting goods from the four continents; Europe, Africa, Asia and South America. Each of these countries provided different goods that arrived by ship in Portugal (Bland, 2001). Example of these goods are, wheat, ,glass, weapons, honey, ebony, coral, salt, coconut oil, and camphor, among others. Brazil supplied sugar and Brazil wood. There was massive competition for cargoes and profits between Italian city states like Venice and Genoa, and Muslim merchants (David, 1987). This stimulated the Europeans to look for overseas routes to the Indies and the spice lands. By this time, the Portuguese were looking for sea routes. ...
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...The purpose of this paper is to Describe how European global exploration, particularly the Portuguese and Spanish, from 1500-1700, changed the character of both old and new societies. In the fifteenth century, European global expansionism was the driving force that kept the English motivated to expand. Europeans set out on a cycle of overseas voyages that would lead to the organization of European trading posts and colonies in both the Americas and the East. Colonialism is defined as a structure in a colony with a specific linkage; meaning economic, political, cultural, and social ideologies. The colonies linked England to the United States. England, being the mother country, also had a very important role play. The mother country was responsible for providing money for supplies for voyages such as ships, food, soldiers, and weapons etc. Also, England was responsible for the processing and manufacturing of raw materials. Settlers of the colonies needed markets to sell their goods and labor. They also needed a source of labor for the production of raw materials. This new labor force was made up of Native Americans, indentured servants (white slaves who served terms of up to seven years as slaves), and Africans. Columbus and his crew stated that when they arrived in the Americas they found Africans already there. In 1502, the Spanish were the first Europeans to enslave Africans in the Americas. Yet the local population died from European diseases like smallpox...
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...Marquette and Jolliet’s expedition may have been to find a route to the Pacific Ocean, but not everyone knows what accomplishments they made. On their expedition, they met two groups of Indians, one of them almost killing them if it weren’t for the calumet, peace pipe, that was given to them by the other group of Indians. They also made very impressive accomplishments. One of these accomplishments includes Marquette’s death. Marquette and Jolliet had a pretty interesting early life, including their jobs before their mission on the Mississippi. Jacques Marquette was born in Laon, France in 1637. Louis Jolliet, however, has an unknown exact birthday, but he was baptized on September 21, 1645. Marquette became a Jesuit missionary and Jolliet became a fur trader before their expedition. Governor Frontenac of New France, now Canada, sent Marquette and Jolliet to see if the Mississippi was a route to the Pacific Ocean in 1673. Marquette and Jolliet had quite an impressive expedition, given that they were trying to find a route to the Pacific Ocean. They went across the Fox River, through the Wisconsin River, down the Mississippi River, and on the Michigan River back home. They also explored Illinois and Arkansas during their expedition. While on their expedition, Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet ran into two new species. They discovered the bison and a large catfish species, which Marquette described as, “...a monster with the head of a tiger, the nose of a wildcat, and whisker...
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...I have been asked to describe four different types of expeditions, I am going to start my assignment by explaining what expedition means, expedition means a journey organized for a particular purpose. A military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in foreign country can be referred to expedition. Expedition is personal development, it is about pushing yourself, and it encourages life and social skills. Expeditions combine adventure, cultural and educational activities for people who want to experience everything the nature has to offer. The first expedition am going to describe is an individual expedition. These expeditions are set up and planned by the individual. The motivation for carrying out an expedition is to achieve something different individually, The general age range for the people who take part in this form of expedition are between 18-45 and provide learning in different aspects as well as allowing the person to gain experience. The time for an expedition of this type is usually around a couple of days up to a week in length. An individual expedition can take many forms in their activity such as climbing, trekking and caving. This involves going to an appropriate place where such an activity can be completed, for example mountaineering would need you to go to a place such as the Alps or the Himalayas. If you are going mountaineering then you are expected to be within a mountainous region with the possible inclusion of snow and low cloud covering. The...
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...Unit 9: Outdoors & Adventurous Expeditions Workbook |Name | | |Group | | This completed workbook is to be submitted for assessment on the following date: ORIGINALITY STATEMENT: The contents of this workbook have been produced by me individually or with team members & is a true reflection of the activities undertaken as part of this unit. Name: Signed: INTRODUCTION Outdoor and adventurous expeditions are used by most of the Uniformed Public Services; particularly the Armed Forces, to develop the skills and values essential for effective teamwork. They provide opportunities for individuals and organisations to understand how they perform in difficult and arduous conditions. This workbook serves as a record of activities, development of skills, reflection, future plans and also includes witness statements to be completed by tutors or lecturers. Careful completion of this workbook in relation to the activities carried out will provide evidence to support the learning outcomes for the module. It should be completed with your own work and you may include photos and diagrams as you feel appropriate. You should complete the workbook electronically and will need to ask staff and tutors to complete witness statements...
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...The New World known today as America is a product of the meeting of two worlds, two different social, political and economic environments. America remained hidden for thousands of years and unknown to European explorers. Its discovery consisted of a clash of cultures, languages, traditions and history. Although they bear a similarity as they were both initially sponsored by monarchs in search of the Northwest Passage, the differences between the Spanish (1492 – 1548) and English (1584-1648) explorations are very clear. During the XV century the first marine expeditions that allowed having a better understanding of the world, were made. The major European explorers that were part of the Spanish and English explorations were Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, Nunez Balboa, Ferdinand Magellan, Juan Ponce De Leon, Hernan Cortes, Francisco Pizarro, Hernando De Soto, Francisco Coronado, and Sir Francis Drake. An important similarity on the explorations was that they were in search of the Northwest Passage , a route that the Far East could be achieved (India) from Europe traveling to the west. Other similarities included are the first voyages were made by Italian explorers and sponsored by monarchs. Christopher Columbus and John Cabot were from Italy. Columbus’ voyages were approved by Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile of Spain. John Cabot received approval by Henry VII of England. These are the similarities, but now we will see how clear the differences were. ...
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...Military: Military expeditions are used by the military/army; the specialised forced to help them train their personnel in a variety of different skills. An example of this can be they might send a few soldiers in training to Arctic for Cold/Hot weather training to see how they are going to cope and do; The Aim of Expedition like that is to train soldiers to fight in any type of surroundings. Military expeditions also help to promote teamwork, leadership, and teamwork Regardless of the weather Conditions. Educational: This type of Expeditions is recycled to learn or to teach college /University Students in a new or foreign area. How this helps them is to progress and advance their Individuality, Freedom to learn new skills and things about the place where they are going to (The Expedition Location). Students will gain much more experience of doing outdoor activities with the group or on their own this is really helpful in many different ways. It is a good way to grow, Develop different types of abilities and talents which are useful in our every day to day life, Such as Map reading or orienteering events. Example of educational expedition is The Challenge expeditions approved by the Duke of Edinburgh's Award which include training, practice and qualifying ventures for schools, youth groups and uniformed organisations. Individual: A specific expedition is agreed to...
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...One group of major explores was Burke and Wills. Burke and Wills were inexperienced explores, Burke was police investigator and Wills was a meteorologist. They were selected for long journey to find the North-South Route of Australia. The Government wanted to build a telegraph path from Adelaide to the northern coast of Australia. On the expedition Burke and Wills brought with them 26 camels, 22 horses, carried 1 tonne of stores and 2 years of supply food. Burke and Wills started their route on the 20th of August 1860 and got to the Gulf of Carpentaria on the 20th of February 1861. When Burke and Wills got to the Gulf they realised that they did not have enough food supply to make it back, they only had enough for 5 weeks and making it back was nearly impossible. Burke and Wills decided to turn around and try to make it back to the camp, but the person looking after the camp had already left to go back. Wills was weak and did not have much time to live, so Burke left him some food and continued on, but soon after Burke died. John King one of the members on the expedition found Will lying dead. Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth were selected to find a route through Blue Mountains because the population was over growing and needed new land to settle and farm on. Blaxland and the rest of the group left from his farm May 11, 1813, with four packhorses, five dogs, and four other people, three of them convicts. They would cut off bark from each side of the trail so they would know how...
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...I, Meriwether Lewis, am here today to give an extremely important message relating to the expedition we recently underwent. Many of the Americans say that the expansion was not worth the money, I am here to tell you all that the expedition and expansion were completely and utterly worth it. In the terms of laymen, we discovered so many things it makes this area look barren. One of the reasons I say this expedition was a great exchange would be the fact that we discovered 178 plants. Many of these plants could be used to increase our medical knowledge. Why would spending fifteen million dollars not be worth it if we can help save more people as well as extend our lives? This is one of the rhetorical questions where the answer should be obvious, the value of that medical knowledge is far more valuable than the land itself which we got at a bargain price from the French. Secondly, despite the dangers, we opened many new possible trading locations with the natives, many of the tribes were very hospitable, if we try and have items for trade regularly, we could have large amounts of allies if we were ever to be attacked. What kind of person would rather not have allies that provide endless amounts of benefits by knowing the land we live on, more than we know it ourselves. Tribal warriors of the natives would be deadly factors if a nation decides to invade onto this land. In the words associated with the great philosopher, Sir Francis Bacon, “Scientia potentia est”, these words may...
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...1 NASA OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS 303 E STREET, S.W., #P WASHINGTON, D.C. 20546 (202) 358-1600 GLOBAL EXPLORATION STRATEGY AND LUNAR ARCHITECTURE SPEAKERS: SHANA DALE, Deputy Administrator DOUG COOKE, Deputy Associate Administrator, Exploration Systems Mission Directorate SCOTT HOROWITZ, Associate Administrator, Exploration Systems Mission Directorate [Moderated by Dean Acosta, NASA Press Secretary] Monday, December 4, 2006 Johnson Space Center [TRANSCRIPT PREPARED FROM A DIGITAL RECORDING.] MALLOY TRANSCRIPTION SERVICE (202) 362-6622 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 P R O C E D I N G S MR. ACOSTA: Good afternoon, and welcome to Johnson Space Center here in Houston for today's exciting announcement for the Global Exploration Strategy and Lunar Architecture announcement. Secretary. It is an exciting day at NASA and exciting week, and joining us for today's announcement, to my right, is NASA's Deputy Administrator Shana Dale. To her right is I am Dean Acosta, NASA Press the Deputy Associate Administrator for Exploration Systems Directorate, Doug Cooke, and to Doug's right is the Associate Administrator for Exploration Systems Directorate, Scott Horowitz. We are going to go through a presentation, and then we will get to your questions and have a question-and-answer session later in the announcement. So right now, I would like to turn it over to Deputy Administrator Shana Dale. DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR DALE: Thank you, Dean. I am so...
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...$3.73 trillion, and $18.7 billion of that will go to funding NASA. Is space exploration really the most important thing at the moment when so much needs to be done in America? It is a serious question that needs to be answered. People have many arguments, from jobs and education to technology development and national security. The government funds more than just NASA. In order for the US to be successful we have to keep up to date with the rest of the world. Meaning we have to keep up in space exploration. If we quit funding NASA we will no longer have as much information as others. Being the most powerful country we have to “beat” everyone. Without space exploration and space achievements the US will be left out from other countries and will...
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...Most debate and controversies surrounding space exploration could be seen becoming most prevalent after the cold war when the Soviet Union collapsed. As both the U.S and Russia's past rivalry were left behind, the incentive for space exploration dwindled and eventually became more about a "cheaper" and "faster" way to provide results. The result from a "cheaper" and "faster" method has made a post-cold war generation question the mere importance of space exploration. Matters that include poverty, war, disease, or politics have become more prevalent in the 21st century. People today raise many arguments including the mere cost of just funding space programs, let alone send a shuttle to space. Why spend billions of dollars to send a few people into space when there are homeless people starving on Earth? The cost of space travel is a reasonable point that most people for and against space exploration would agree with. A simple reason people in favor of space exploration would agree with a cost argument is due to a growing concern with where billions of dollars of funding is going and how...
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...Engineering 370I – Astronautics and Space Part A. Writing Component, Global Issues 1. International Space station: The purpose of the International Space Station (ISS) was to allow long-term exploration of space and provide benefits to the people of Earth. All the space agencies involved in building and operating the ISS include NASA, CSA, ESA,DSRI, CNES, ASI, NSC, INTA, SSC, NASDA, PKA and INPE. Exploration Technologies Corporation (known as SpaceX) is the name of the first privately owned company to send a cargo load to the station. On January 29, 1998, senior government officials from 15 countries met and signed agreements that would start the framework, design and development of the Space Station. Phase 1 started in February 1994 with the Shuttle-Mir program and concluded in June 1998. In January 2000, a three person crew will be launched and the station will be permanently inhabited. Phase III of the assembly is when the ISS is operational with a crew of seven members being able to live and work aboard the station. 2. Mars Science Laboratory: The main objective of NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is to investigate Mar’s habitability, to study climate and geology, and collect data for a future manned mission to Mars. Mars Science Laboratory was launched on November 26, 2011 and Curiosity landed on August 6, 2012. The difference between MSL and the MER mission is that Curiosity does not have solar panels like MER’s Spirit and Opportunity. Curiosity...
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...really known what existed beyond what we could see with our own eyes. B) General Statements/Explain the Controversy – Advocates for space exploration say that there are much advantages that push humankind towards a better tomorrow. Opponents argue that there is an huge cost put into research and development C) Thesis Statement and Forecast – I think that the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages because of the benefits that people will inherit and that the economic benefit we receive is a lot more than the cost we put into it. II. Body (Arguments) A) Transition and Topic Sentence for Reason #1 – We can use the new technology 1) Supporting Detail - Not possible without NASA (Wilson, Space Program Benefits) 2) Supporting Detail -Things from fiberglass to GPS (Wilson, Space Program Benefits) 3) Supporting Detail - More investment, more commercialized (Wilson, Space Program Benefits) B) Transition and Topic Sentence for Reason #2 – The exploration development basic necessities 1) Supporting Detail - NASA started water program (Dunbar, “Water Water Everywhere!”) 2) Supporting Detail - Based off design for astronauts (Dunbar, “Water Water Everywhere!”) 3) Supporting Detail - Inexpensive, useful (Dunbar, “Water Water Everywhere!”) C) Transition and Topic Sentence for Reason #3 –The exploration extended to help people in medicine 1) Supporting Detail - Study osteoporosis in space, astronauts are guinea pigs (NASA Science, “Space...
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...SPACE: The Final Frontier Space, the final frontier. For years man has been fascinated with the vast, boundless, emptiness that surrounds and cradles our miniscule planet. Although it’s difficult to determine exactly what got me hooked on space exploration, I know it’s mainly about the discovery of things past-unknown to myself, or even the world. The technological and mechanical aspects very much intrigue me as well, in addition to it’s ability to bring many rivals together at a temporary truce for the sake of discovering something for all of mankind. Every kid has spend at least one day of their life looking up at the sky and thinking “I wonder what it’s like up there.” Maybe even wishing you could one day go up there and see for yourself. I had these childhood days, and still occasionally do. I ask myself, “What have we not discovered yet?” and “When will we make the next breakthrough of discovery, and how will that affect us as mankind?” I may think to myself and get lost in the concept that there is so much yet undiscovered to humans. Science has always been a strong-point of mine, as it is a subject built around, and constructed upon the basis of discovery. It comes as a surprise to many why we know so little about something that is so vast and limitless, not to mention something we are completely surrounded by! Space is incredibly , for lack of a better word, alien, to us. Some may argue that we know a lot about the universe outside the bounds of our earth’s atmosphere...
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