...their operations to include participation in the global market. As with any type of market, global market presents firms with both; challenges and rewards. Understanding the differences between domestic and global market is of advantage for the firm’s success in the global market. The different Aspects of Global Market The global market provides firms with great opportunities to create more revenues through trade in the new markets. The success of firms in the global market is dependent upon firms’ understanding of the differences in a number of aspects which in one way or the other stands the chance to either help or ruin the firm’s chances of success. Operating in global market requires acknowledgement of the differences in culture. According to Anthony et el., (2010) culture has shown to be among the key issues affecting the success in the global market along with other factors such as bribery, political environment, infrastructures, exchange rates, legal environment, and business practices to name some a few. It is important for a firm then, to prepare a strategy that addresses these issues because of their significance in the overall success of the firm. It is necessary for the management of the firm to pay attention to this because failure to do so could be detrimental to the firm. The global market provides that needed opportunity for firms to increase their profits through penetration into the new markets where there are many potential new customers...
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...Product Size Examine the global markets where you plan to sell your products for the standard purchasing patterns of consumers. In many international destinations, consumers buy items frequently, but in smaller quantities, due to transportation, space and monetary limitations. Match your product offerings to consumer behavior to increase your international product success. Offer smaller quantities in easy-carry packaging. Consider offering larger quantities in single-serve packages for sales at smaller, neighborhood-oriented stores. Distribution Distribute your products through multiple channels to increase product awareness. In many countries, individuals buy a large portion of their consumable products in small neighborhood stores. The merchants in these stores obtain their supplies by direct purchases at larger or wholesale markets and through local distributors. Ensure your products are available in all distribution channels to increase product exposure and availability to all merchants. To help penetrate new global markets, offer samples, targeted promotions and joint distribution with an established product to increase product adoption. Adaptation Adapt your products to local tastes, governmental regulations, technological differences and cultural norms. Ensure product packaging uses appropriate terms and images for your target market. For example, remove cattle-based ingredients from products you sell in India due to common religious beliefs that cows are sacred...
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...The Global Capital Market Learning objectives • Articulate the benefits of the global capital market. • Understand why the global capital market has grown so rapidly over the last quarter century. • Be familiar with the risks associated with the globalization of capital markets. • Appreciate the risks and benefits associated with the Eurocurrency market, the global bond market, and the global equity markets. • Understand how foreign exchange risk impacts upon the cost of capital. This chapter discusses the form and function of the global capital market. The market is attractive because its size lowers the cost of capital for borrowers, and allows investors to diversify their portfolios, thereby reducing their risk. Advances in information technology, and the deregulation of financial services and the relaxation of regulations on cross-border capital flows have contributed to the growth of the global capital market. The chapter then goes on to explore the Eurocurrency market, the global bond market, and the international equities market. The opening case describes how ICBC, China’s largest bank, raised $21 billion in the international equities market. The closing case examines how China Mobile raised capital in international markets through a stock offering and a bond issue. OUTLINE OF CHAPTER 11: THE GLOBAL CAPITAL MARKET Opening Case: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Introduction ...
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...Chapter 9: Global Market Entry Strategies The need for a solid market entry decision is an integral part of a global market entry strategy. Entry decisions will heavily influence the firm’s other marketing-mix decisions. Global marketers have to make a multitude of decisions regarding the entry mode, which may include: * (1) The target product/market * (2) The goals of the target markets * (3) The mode of entry * (4) The time of entry * (5) A marketing-mix plan * (6) A control system to check the performance in the entered markets 1. Target Market Selection A crucial step in developing a global expansion strategy is the selection of potential target markets. A four-step procedure for the initial screening process: 1. Select indicators and collect data 2. Determine importance of country indicators 3. Rate the countries in the pool on each indicator 4. Compute overall score for each country 2. Choosing the Mode of Entry Decision Criteria for Mode of Entry: * Market Size and Growth * Risk * Government Regulations * Competitive Environment/Cultural Distance * Local Infrastructure Classification of Markets: * Platform Countries (Singapore & Hong Kong) * Emerging Countries (Vietnam & the Philippines) * Growth Countries (China & India) * Maturing and established countries (examples: South Korea, Taiwan & Japan) Key criteria for choosing entry modes: * Company Objectives ...
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...today’s media: global warming. We know much of Gore’s bid for presidency in 1999, in which he ran – unsuccessfully - on a platform of responsible energy consumption. Fourteen years later, Gore is still arguing the same points, but with increased vigor. Its no surprise that after fourteen years of heavy campaigning, many Americans are well aware of the issue; in fact, many have changed their buying habits to reflect this growing concern – one the private sector has not failed to capitalize on. In this essay, I will attempt to first define global warming, touch on the “going green” movement and how it’s affecting consumer buying habits, explain how the car industry is being affected and the describe some of the motivations a company may have to “go green.” What is global warming? As with any business discussion, we must first understand the topic being discussed. Global warming debate has becoming increasingly prevalent in news media, T.V. shows and popular culture in the past few decades. Defined as an increase in the overall temperature of the earth, global warming is a topic that has been debated furiously from both sides. The EPA estimates that the earth’s temperature has risen by 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit over the past century. While this may not seem like much (and opponents to the global warming theory are quick to point this out), large bodies of information show that small changes in average temperature lead to significant changes in global climate. Global warming impedes...
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...Global Market Research Case Study Analysis The situation discussed in the case tells of an opportunity afforded Sperry/MacLennan Architects and Planners; the Canadian company was founded in 1972 as a one-man architectural practice and years since then they have become a very respected and profitable company in the field of architecture. It has been recorded in text that Aaker, Kumar & Day (2007) stated, “Eight market niches were identified for Canadian architects in the United States, one of which was educational facilities, in particular post-secondary institutions. This niche, identified as most likely to match S/M’s capabilities, is controlled by state governments and private organizations. Mitch Brooks, a junior partner in the firm, has plans to identify and evaluate other possible markets for S/M’s services as part of his October presentation to the board. Other parts of the United States, or the affluent countries of Europe, where recreational facilities are regularly patronized and design is taken seriously, might provide a better export market, given S/M’s string of design successes at home and the international recognition afforded by the Amherst facility design award.” (Chapter 3). Fortunately for S/M, things began to take a turn in the right direction when their persistence and faith was rewarded in 1983. Sperry won the competition for the aquatics facility for the Canada Games in Saint John. Sperry had gained renowned nationwide acknowledgment for its sports facility...
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...Global market Cultural ignorance could hinder a company from global marketing. One of the best ways to target the foreign market is to create products in the country that are based on the needs of the local customers. The marketers that create local product development are called polycentric. A polycentric marketer understands that each country has different needs and they must market to the country differently than they would in their country. The world is one big market for companies to take advantage of. There must be marketers in each country that will help the company meet the needs and expectations of all the countries in which they sell their products. A good example of a successful global marketing company is the Coca-Cola Corporation. The soda beverage remains the same, but the can changes. The advertisements are different in each country. Instead of being intolerant to the needs of each country, they have translated their logo and brand name to suit the needs of each country in which they market. The goal of global marketing is to become like the Coca-Cola Corporation and sell the same product to everyone in the world, with perhaps just one or two small changes to the product that will suit the needs of everyone in the world. There are 4 simple steps a company must establish to start global marketing. First, a company needs to achieve domestic dominance. If a company is trusted at home, it is easier to integrate their focus into the global market. A company...
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...Chapter 7 Operating in Global Markets “Globalisaton is clearly a double-edged sword. The advantages of being a transnational corporation in emerging markets have declined dramatically in recent times. Smart local companies have used the benefits of globalization to close gaps in technology capital and talent with their rivals from the developed world.” - Arindam K Bhattacharya, David C Michael, Harvard Business Review, March 2008. Introduction Global companies operate across the world. In different markets, customer requirements may vary. The temptation to customise for each market, has to be tempered by the need to keep costs down through standardisation. As discussed before, the logical approach would be to identify and analyse the various value chain activities that make up the marketing function and decide which of these must be performed on a global basis and which localised. This chapter covers product management, pricing, sales and distribution and customer relationship management. Global branding, which merits a separate treatment is covered in Chapter 8. Product management Should the same product be offered across overseas markets? Or should it be customized according to the specific needs of different markets? A globally standardised product can be made efficiently and priced low but may end up pleasing few customers. On the other hand, excessive customisation for different markets across the world may be too expensive. The trick, as in the case of...
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...Case Study 3 LG Electronics: Global strategy in emerging markets Suggested case discussion questions Q1 Explain how LG’s experience within its domestic market (South Korea) influenced how it expanded into the BRIC emerging economies All MNCs are shaped, to some degree, by their domestic markets. In LG’s case, its emergence in Korea during the decades following the Second World War strongly affected its ability to expand into the BRIC economies. The domestic Korean market was highly competitive, which helped hone its ability to enact “come from behind” approaches in other locations as it was used to having to fight its way to the top. The Korean Government placed strong emphasis on R&D within LG’s home economy, which had a double-effect on it. First, the importance of high quality R&D enabling quick and effective localization of products and services was always central to its approach to expanding its presence within the emerging economies – this runs counter to much perceived wisdom that suggests emerging economies do not have infrastructure to support such a policy. Second, it built on its experience of working with governments, which it then displayed most effectively in Brazil. The Korean Government encouraged foreign direct investment which saw LG partner with Hitachi of Japan, again, allowing it to develop valuable partnership experience that would be brought to bear on joint ventures within emerging economies. Lastly, emerging within an economically...
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...Global Linkage of Foreign Exchange Author Info Elena Andreou Maria Matsi Andreas Savvides Registered author(s): Andreas Savvides Abstract This paper investigates bi-directional linkages between the stock and foreign exchange markets of a number of emerging economies. A quarto-variate VAR-GARCH model with the BEKK representation is estimated for each of twelve emerging economies to test for spillovers, both in terms of return and volatility, between the emerging stock market, foreign exchange market and global and regional stock markets. We find significant bi-directional spillovers between stock and foreign exchange markets. We also examine the effects of a country’s choice of exchange rate regime, on the one hand, and the Asian financial crisis, on the other, on the volatility spillover mechanism. GLOBAL LINKAGE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKETS 6 Introduction The foreign exchange market is the biggest financial market in the world. Every day, transactions worth about 3.98 trillion dollars are carried out within the market. The major aim of introducing the foreign exchange market is to facilitate international trade by enabling businesses to perform transactions outside their local currency. The market operates round the clock from Monday through Friday. Foreign Exchange is the simultaneous Buying of one currency and paying for it with another at an agreed price (exchange rate) for settlement on an agreed date. FOREX is an acronym for FOReign...
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...Section 5 – Personal Selling & Global Markets Section 5 – Personal Selling & Global Markets * Promotion Mix Donate, pass flyers and fundraise * Advertising – One of the major factors in getting your product and company recognized by the public/ consumer * Personal Selling- “Sometimes you have to sell yourself i.e.(namesake) the best sales people can sell anything/ sell WBC as if you are selling your sell * Sales Promotion –Sometimes you have to throw parties * Charity events sport * Commercials- before and during sports events breaks * Radio promotions- Get radio stations to promote WBC during breaks in between playing music or brief breaks * Direct Marketing-Straight to the point * Deal with your target area then branch out to other areas * Public Relations- Research and deal within the proper guidelines to get your business plan together and promote the right way to generate great business * Brand Management * Branding Strategies-Make apparel or other things to give away with WBC as the insignia to promote the company brand * Large companies such as Coke and Pepsi have tee shirts and buttons for free if you visit their website * Emotional Branding – make an impression that will never go away in the minds of the consumer * Halftime shows for the Super bowl or even the commercials leave a mental yet emotional impression * Things that are great stay in a person’s...
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...IPO Pricing of NESTLE Global for the Capital Market of Bangladesh: IPO pricing of Nestle Global for the Capital Market of Bangladesh [For the partial fulfillment of B.B.A. program in Finance] Submitted to Department of Finance University of Dhaka Supervised by Shakila Halim Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Submitted by Md. Sohebur Rahman Roll: 17-055 Sec: A B.B.A.17th Batch Department of Finance University of Dhaka Date: 7th May, 2015 Letter of Transmittal 07th May, 2015 Chairman Exam Committee B.B.A. 17th batch Department of Finance University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of Internship Report on “IPO pricing of Nestle Global for the capital market of Bangladesh” Sir, I hereby, want to express my sincere gratification to submit my internship report on “IPO pricing of Nestle Global for the capital market of Bangladesh” Through the preparation of the report, I got an opportunity to apply my knowledge of B.B.A. program and to be acquainted with the practical field. I have given all the efforts to make this report a purpose serving one. I hope that you will appreciate my efforts and accept the submission of my report. Sincerely yours, Md. Sohebur Rahman Roll: 17-055 Sec: A B.B.A 17th Batch Department of Finance University of Dhaka Acknowledgement At the very beginning, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Almighty Allah, who has given me the chance to complete my internship report in a very...
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...IN GLOBAL STOCK MARKETS: A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN STOCK MARKET RESEARCH BRIEF The history of stock trading and trading associations can be traced as far back as the 11th century when Jewish and Muslim merchants set up trade associations. After centuries of evolution, stock markets have become the symbol of commerce in the modern world. It operates in various countries and trades a range of securities. The world stock market capitalisation is estimated to be about $ 36.6 Trillion. The stock market has various functions such as capital mobilisation, investing opportunities, risk distribution etc. The major stock exchanges in the world today include New York Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Italian Stock Exchange, Hong Kong Stock Exchange and Tokyo Stock Exchange. There have been various stock market crashes in the past such as the Wall Street crash of 1929, the crash of 1973/74, the 1987 crash; called black Monday, the dotcom bubble of 2000 and the more recent crash in 2008 caused by the subprime mortgage crisis in America. The economic crisis of 2008 which originated in America spread to various economies in the world and their stock markets were affected. It reduced the value of stocks around the world by as much as 41% and affected both major and emerging stock markets. The Nigerian stock market is an emerging market in Africa. After attaining the position of one of the most profitable, efficient and fastest growing equity market in...
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...| Has Market Economy approach led the world to the current economic situation? | | | | By:Divya Padmanabhan IES Management College and Research Centre Mumbai, India | Executive summary: “If war is God’s way of teaching geography to the world, recession is His way of teaching everyone a little economics”. The global financial crisis has questioned the efficacy of the existing institutional framework and forced us to rethink on how our financial systems are regulated. It has also posed an important question whether the root cause of this global crisis has been the highly praised ‘Open Market Approach’. The inter linkages in the global economy has ensured that no country remains isolated and unhindered by the crisis. With the economic crisis looming over the people at large, unemployment seems to be at all time high and the whole world having a pessimistic view of the future, capitalism seems to be at loss of reason for this crisis, let alone a find solution for it. There was a time when being a capitalist economy was a matter of pride and people were excited to be part of the “free” economy but somewhere down the line the excitement seemed to have vanished. What was thought to be an epitome of equality, turned out to be the cause of inequality. In an article by Joseph E. Stiglitz “Of the 1%, By the 1%, For the 1%”, 1 percent of the people in USA take nearly a quarter of the nation’s...
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...Organizations Professor Thad Barnowe Spring 2009 February 18, 2009 Many companies today, in this growing world market, cannot be successful with out considering the benefits that could be gained by expanding their business, or part of their business, to other countries. As Bartlett, Ghoshal, and Beamish mention in the text there are three macro forces that drive, constrain, and shape the industries in which companies will compete globally. (2008). Companies must prepare for these three macro forces in advance before entering into new countries to do business. If they don’t prepare they will not be very successful in conducting business in another country and will not gain the competitive advantage they strived for when deciding to conduct business globally. Also, if a company does not enter the global market prepared they could run into problems that they did not foresee, which could result in damage to the company name and image, not only affecting international business but domestic business as well. This in turn could create the company to sustain profit losses and gain a tarnished reputation that they would have to fix to regain their competitive advantage and above average returns. In order to be a successful in operating in another country multinational enterprises must have a manager or a set of mangers to deal with three very complex external demands, cross-market integration, national responsiveness, and worldwide learning. (Bartlett et al, 2008). No matter what aspect...
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