...ACCG330: Strategic Management Accounting LECTURE 12 CONTROL PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN MULTINATIONAL ORGANISATIONS ACCG330 Readings: Anthony & Govindarajan (2007, pp.678-696) ACCG330 Strategic Management Accounting Session 1, 2012 Learning Objectives 1. Describe management control problems and practices in multinational corporations. 2. Explain problems and issues associated with global organisations: i. Cultural differences and their impact on management controls. ii. Transfer pricing and related issues in multinational corporations. iii. Effects of exchange rates on multinational corporations and control system design issues. ACCG330 Strategic Management Accounting Session 1, 2012 1 Nature of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) • What is a Multinational Corporation? – A corporation that owns and operates production facilities in two or more countries. OR – A corporation with power to coordinate and control operations in two or more countries without owning them. • Typically have Headquarters in the country of origin • Build or acquire affiliates or subsidiaries in other countries (the host nation) ACCG330 Strategic Management Accounting Session 1, 2012 Basic Structures of MNCs • A number of basic structures exist that permit an MNC to operate and compete internationally – Structure must meet the need of both the local market and the home-office strategy of globalization – Basic structures of MNCs: • Domestic structure plus foreign subsidiary...
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...EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN POST GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS ERA IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NIGERIAN PROFESSIONAL BY BENNETT B. BENNETT UNIZIK/ACC/Ph.D./2011387014F DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTANCY, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA SEPTEMBER, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Certification Approval Declaration Acknowledgement List of Tables Abstract CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background to Study 1.1 Statement of Research Problem 1.2 Objective of Study 1.3 Research Question 1.4 Research Hypothesis 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Scope and Delimitation of Study 1.7 Limitations CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Historical Background 2.2 Conceptual Frame work 2.3 theoretical Frame work 2.4 Review of Current Literature CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 3.1 Design of the Study 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Method of Data Analysis CHAPTER FOUR DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 5.1 Summary 5.2 Conclusion 5.3 Recommendations 5.4 Suggestions for Further Studies Bibliography Appendix CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research work was carried out by Bennett, B. Bennett of the Department of Accountancy Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. _______________________ Prof. B.C. Osisioma Date. APROVAL This paper titled “Exploring the Challenges of Strategic Management Accounting in Post Global Economic Crisis Era: Implications...
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...International Management Part 1: The Global Manager’s Environment Part 2: The Cultural Context of Global Management Part 3: Formulating Strategy Part 4: Global Human Resources Management The University of Western Australia Strategic Planning and Strategy Strategic Planning • The process by which a firm’s managers evaluate the future prospects of the firma and decide on appropriate strategies to achieve long-term objectives Strategy • The basic means by which the firm competes., that is, its choice of business or businesses in which to operate and the ways in which it differentiates itself from its competitors 63 How does globalisation, risk, political-legal-ethical and culture affect the value chain that a firm manages and operates to create ‘value’ = strategic planning +strategy = STRATEGIC FIT between ‘inputs’ and ‘outputs’ Porter, M (1985) Competitive Advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance. NY: Free Press The University of Western Australia Steps in Developing International and Global Strategies Mission and Objectives Environmental Assessment and Scanning (PEST, PESTEL, Risk) Internal and Competitive Analysis (SWOT) Global Integrative and Entry Strategy Alternatives (Export, JV, Strategic Alliance, CAGE) Strategic Choice, Implementation, Feedback, and Control (Governance) Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education Realize that much of international business is conducted through strategic alliances...
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...Contents Preface Acknowledgments ix xiii PART ONE OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 1. Strategic Management The Nature and Value of Strategic Management Dimensions of Strategic Decisions 4 Formality in Strategic Management 9 Benefits of Strategic Management 11 Risks of Strategic Management 11 The Strategic Management Process 11 Strategic Management as a Process 16 Summary 18 Key Terms 19 Questions for Discussion 19 2 3 PART TWO STRATEGY FORMULATION 2. SM_Prelims.indd 17 Company Mission What is a Company Mission? 23 The Need for an Explicit Mission 24 Formulating a Mission 24 Basic Product or Service; Primary Market; Principal Technology Company Goals: Survival; Growth; Profitability 26 Company Philosophy 28 Public Image 29 Company Self-Concept 33 Newest Trends in Mission Components 33 An Exemplary Mission Statement 35 Boards of Directors 37 Agency Theory 38 22 25 2/8/2012 10:17:09 AM Contents How Agency Problems Occur 39 Problems That Can Result from Agency 39 Solutions to the Agency Problem 40 Summary 41 Key Terms 41 Questions for Discussion 41 Appendix A: Company Vision 43 Appendix B: BB&T Vision, Mission, and Purpose 3. 4. SM_Prelims.indd 18 44 Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics The Stakeholder Approach to Social Responsibility 52 The Dynamics of Social Responsibility 54 Types of Social Responsibility 57 Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability 60 Sarbanes-Oxley...
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...Achieving and Maintaining Strategic Competitiveness in the 21st Century: The Role of Strategic Leadership Author(s): R. Duane Ireland and Michael A. Hitt Source: The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005), Vol. 19, No. 4, Classic Articles from AME (Nov., 2005), pp. 63-77 Published by: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4166206 Accessed: 10-05-2015 07:37 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4166206?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Academy of Management is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005). http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 203.101.161.82 on Sun, 10 May 2015 07:37:52 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions I Academy of Management Reprinted from 1999, Vol. 13, No. 1 Executive...
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...[pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] SWOT and Strategic Choice Strengths and Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats (SWOT Analysis) Strategic Choice Business Functional Global Corporate [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] ----------------------- Why do some firms succeed while others fail? * A central objective of strategic management is to learn why this happens. What is strategy? * An action a company takes to attain superior performance. What is the strategic management process? * The process by which managers choose a set of strategies for the enterprise to pursue its vision. Overview Basic Strategic Planning Model Rational planning by top management? Strategic Planning Implementation of Chosen Strategies Selection of Appropriate Strategies Internal Analysis of Strengths and Weaknesses External Analysis of Opportunities and Threats Defining the Mission and Setting Top-Level Goals The Main Components of the Strategic Planning Process FIGURE 1.1 Mission and Goals Mission * Sets out why the organization exists and what it should be doing. Major goals * Specify what the organization hopes to fulfill in the medium to long term. Secondary goals * Are objectives to be attained that lead to superior performance. Identify strategic opportunities and threats in the operating environment...
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...Manag Int Rev (2011) 51:179–192 DOI 10.1007/s11575-011-0071-6 R e s e a R c h a Rt i c l e Effective Global Strategy Implementation Structural and Process Choices Facilitating Global Integration and Coordination Attila Yaprak · Shichun Xu · Erin Cavusgil Abstract: 0 0 this article offers a contingency framework of global strategy implementation effectiveness on firm performance. The research question we seek to address is what the structural and process requirements are for MNEs to successfully implement global strategy through increased efficiency and effectiveness of integration and coordination across world markets. Our central premise is that MNEs’ capabilities in establishing supporting structural and process mechanisms will enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of implementing their global strategies which would, in turn, lead to better firm performance. Keywords: Integration and coordination · Global strategy · Firm performance · contingency framework Received: 25.12.2009 / Revised: 15.08.2010 / Accepted: 11.10.2010 / Published online: 02.04.2011 © Gabler-Verlag 2011 Prof. A. Yaprak () Department of Marketing, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA e-mail: Attila.yaprak@wayne.edu Asst. Prof. S. Xu Department of Marketing and Logistics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA Asst. Prof. E. Cavusgil Department of Marketing, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, USA 180 A. Yaprak et al. Introduction The globalization of the world economy...
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...Framework for Enterprise Risk Management © 2013 Johnson & Johnson Contents Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 J&J Strategic Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 What is Risk?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 J&J Approach to Enterprise Risk Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Governance & Oversight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 . . 2 3 Introduction In order to deliver value to our consumers, patients, caregivers, employees, communities and shareholders, we at Johnson & Johnson (J&J) must understand and manage the risks faced across our entire organization. Risks are inherent in our business activities and can relate to strategic threats, operational issues, compliance with laws, and reporting obligations. This document...
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...organizational success must be forged within workplaces that are constantly reinventing themselves. • Themes such as empowerment, involvement, participation, self-management, and teamwork are common, as people manage careers described as flexible and entrepreneurial. • Definition and Role of an Organization • An organization is a collection of people working together to achieve a common purpose. • Organizations are open systems. They interact with their environments in the continual process of transforming resource inputs into product outputs in the form of finished goods and/or services • The External Environment of Organizations • The following factors impact the general or macro environment in which the organization operates. They are: o Political, Economic, o Social, Technological, o Legal and Environmental. (PESTLE) • Management must constantly monitor general environmental trends, and must be ready to make required adjustments in the ways their organization operate so as to gain COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE • The Specific (task) Environment • In the specific environment in which an organization operates, several stakeholder groups are linked to the input-transformation-out put process of value creation. • Managers and their Work • Every organization needs people managers who do the specific work of management - planning, organizing, integrating, measuring, and developing people. • Manager directly support, supervise, facilitate...
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...1. Introduction There has been a global crisis in the Airline industry in recent times. This is attributed to the hiking in oil prices, large capital requirements (Capital assets) and stiff global competition within the airline industry, such as, the Gulf airline. The effect of the rising dollar has been significantly contributed to the hiking ticket prices of the Australian airline sector. The main Australian airlines have been impacted by the global crisis. This specific article in the Financial Times Review(Clarke & Smith, 2011), discusses that strategically Qantas was facing hard times due to the environment of the global financial crisis and it had embarked on an implementation plan to decrease internal and external flights to counter the effect of hiking oil prices and operational cost. However, in the United Arab Emirates, has been experienced growth and this has a direct concern to the threat of competition to Qantas (Vesperman, Wald & Gleich 2008, pp. 388-394). All these factors above are a contributed force to Qantas to remain competitive. This paper seeks To address the approaches that should be engaged by Qantas that are necessary to ensure ongoing competitive advantages for the future of the airline industry within this hypercompetitive environment. 2. Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Strategic management is a continuous process that involves reviewing and directing the activities of a business and the environment threats and opportunities...
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...identify what is the best way of seizing external opportunities in a given situation. The dilemmas KFC is facing at the different stages of her history which can be represented with the three stages theory describes well the organizational and operational challenges usually faced by a “transnational” company. Each appointed manager represents a specific way of managing subsidiaries or a stage of the “three stages theory”. At the beginnings, each country manager was on his own to make a success of his venture, and most had to learn the business form scratch. From this start point, the main issue is to determinate the appropriate level of control in this given situation. The issue of performance measurement is closely linked to the one of the level of control. On one hand, standardization facilitates performance measurement and control, but can also lead to counter performances if excessive. In this respect, it is very important to determine the expected level of performance (the same everywhere?). On the other hand, tolerating exceptions tends to weaken the whole system. KFC development until the critical point of confrontation illustrates one of the existing methods of launching a new activity overseas (I). Conflicts between headquarters and KFC-J raise a number of issues which well depict the challenges that companies operating overseas usually face when striving to greater integration. (II) Given these elements we will try to propose an accurate strategy mix to...
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...Strategic Management Process Audree Luevano MGT/498 Strategic Management October 31, 2013 Mario Ducret Strategic Management Process The strategic management process is a valuable process to any organization wanting to remain competitive, profitable, and remain in business. General Motors is such an organization that has used the strategic management process to turn itself around from failing in the automobile industry to being back on top of its game. Primary Components The primary four components of strategic management process are environmental scanning or analysis, strategy formulation, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and evaluation and control. According to Wheelen and Hunger (2010), “Strategic management is a set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the long-run performance of a corporation” (p. 5). The first component of environmental scanning or analysis which simply put is looking at the organization as a whole and identifying what the organizations strategic factors are both in externally and internally. The best way to do this is a SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis will identify the opportunities and threats that are external to an organization and in addition will identify the strengths and weaknesses that are internal to an organization. After identifying the organizations strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, the next component in the strategic management, the strategy...
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...Supply Chain Management Certificate This “practical” interactive certificate series is designed to provide participants with a detailed look at global supply chain management with a focus on Purchasing, Inventory, and Warehousing. This certificate addresses issues in terms of today’s global supply chain and its supply chain streams and flow process, so practitioners can know how to make the most of this powerful tool. You will have the opportunity to explore a variety of global supply chain management areas in depth, extrapolate their logistics meanings, and apply the techniques needed to make it all work for your organization. Mastering the supply chain’s dynamics is no longer extraneous to survival in today's global environment—it's essential. Because logistics affects 30% or more of the value added to your product, it offers abundant areas of opportunity and exciting possibilities for lowering the bottom line. Where you may not be able to control the outside influences, ambiguities, and contradictions of the global economy at large, you can have a profound influence on controlling those internal logistics factors that substantially affect your profitability or cost containment efforts. Course Schedule Global Supply Chain Basics and Technology (Day 1) Global Logistics Basics and Functionality (Day 2) Essential Aspects of Purchasing (Day 3) Inventory ManagementPractices (Day 4) Mastering Warehouse Mechanics (Day 5) WHO SHOULD ATTEND • Logistics, supply chain, procurement...
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...AFT3073 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY |GROUP ASSIGNMENT (25%) – RESEARCH TERM PAPER TOPICS | |Current Strategic Management Issues | |This course assignment is a term paper on current strategic management issues. Possible themes/issues for your research term paper | |include (but are not limited to) the following: | |Ethics and Corporate Citizenship Themes | |Understandings of corporate citizenship | |Links between ethics and corporate citizenship | |Performance measurement | |Accountability and governance | |Stakeholder engagement, consultation, reporting and governance | |Corporations, territory and governance ...
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...guide as study references for the Final Examination. Week One: Strategic Overview, Ethics, and Legal Environment Objective: Indicate why a strategic management process is needed. 1. Research of the planning practices of companies in the oil industry concludes that the real value of modern strategic planning is more a. in the planning b. in the strategic thinking and organizational learning c. in the resulting written strategic plan d. in the formality of the process e. in the improved communication within the organization Objective: Describe the primary components of the strategic management process. 2. The time horizon involved with regard to basic financial planning is usually a. one year b. one quarter c. more than five years d. less than one month e. more than three years 3. A difference between basic financial planning and forecast-based planning is a. the time horizon is shorter in forecast-based planning b. forecast-based planning incorporates internal and external information c. basic financial planning utilizes consultants with sophisticated techniques d. basic financial planning utilizes scenarios and contingency strategies e. basic financial planning relies heavily on input from lower levels in the organization Objective: Explain the relationship of ethics, social responsibility, and corporate performance in strategic planning. 4. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was designed to protect ...
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