...Global Warming There is no doubt that global warming is happing and that we have already seen some of the effects. Global warming is when increases in the earth's average atmospheric temperature corresponds with changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect (Dictionary.com). Every year we see natural disasters that are extremely powerful. For example, In January of 2010, the country of Haiti was hard hit by an earthquake that took the lives of thousands of people. The very next month, Chile was hit with one of the most powerful earthquake ever been recorded. An Inconvenient Truth written by Al Gore, former Vice President of the United States, suggested that we should consider focusing on other dangerous things, meaning the cause of global warming. This implicates that despite the other problems each country is facing such as political, diseases, poverty and war; we should all unite to save our planet first. If we don't we are all in trouble at the same time. The scientist and the worldwide leaders have agreed that the climate change is caused by human activity, but yet we have done little to modify our environment. On the other hand the public has had enough about the climate change after having massive heat wave, snow, tropical storms, tsunamis and earthquakes. We all want to be part of this but it's often difficult to overcome modern life style therefore we need guiding. According to Al Gore' book, The United State is contributed more greenhouse gas pollution...
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...The effect of global warming on the United States Global Warming was first recognized in the 1950's and will continue to be a problem for us, as humans keep contributing by releasing heat trapping gasses in our everyday life. The drought in Texas was very sever and caused a lot of problems while also creating expenses as well. Texas suffered from extreme wildfires in more than twenty cities. In the year 2011 there were 30,457 fires recorded in the state of Texas. More than seven thousand square miles of agriculture were burned. 3,017 homes were lost.7.62 billion dollars were documented in agricultural losses and 117 drought related deaths were noted (Amico). The greenhouse effect is a process by which certain gases in a planet's atmosphere give it a higher temperature than the planet would have otherwise. Light is one form of electromagnetic radiation. From lower energy to higher energy, categories of EM radiation includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma rays. Blackbody radiation is EM radiation given off by all matter, as a function of the matter's temperature. Hotter objects give off more total EM radiation, and also give off a greater fraction of that radiation as higher energy radiation.Since the Sun has a surface temperature of 5,700° C, about 42% of the blackbody radiation it radiates is visible light The Earth also radiates blackbody radiation but almost entirely as infrared light Certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere...
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...aggressive and immediate action to show global warming. Any environmental change should have both positive benefits and negative effects. For example, theory predicts and observations confirm that human-induced warming takes place primarily in winter, lengthening the growing season. Satellite measurements now show that the planet is greener than it was before it warmed. There were two periods of global warming in the last century. The first ended around 1940 and was caused by the sun's warming up. Temperatures then cooled slightly, until the early 1970's, before warming again. In the first warming, 45 percent of Kilimanjaro's ice cap disappeared. When the planet subsequently cooled, it lost another 21 percent. In the recent warming, another 12 percent has gone, the slowest rate of loss in the last 100 years. Some 4,000 to 7,000 years ago, the earth was a degree or two warmer than it is today, and yet Kilimanjaro's glaciers were greatly expanded compared to the current era. Bullet point: 1. Comparing to the present and the past, the geological history records the temperature in around 26 degrees Celsius/80 degrees Fahrenheit is the prosperous time of biology, therefore global warming can lead the ecosystem more stable. 2. Global warming is causing the global temperature increase, it extents the range of crops. In addition, it makes the density of carbon dioxide is higher, and the water vapor in air will increase. Therefore, global warming is good for the agricultural development...
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...GLOBAL WARMING The Ozone Layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun protecting all living organisms below from the dangerous radiation. The Ozone Hole is an area of weakness or depletion in the protective cover of the Ozone Layer over the North and South Pole. Scientist discovered in the 1980’s that the ozone layer was thinning at an alarming rate. This phenomenon was caused by chemicals that came from spray cans and refrigerants or in other words, CFC’s (chemical compounds with chlorine and fluorine attached to a carbon0. These chemicals can remain in our atmosphere for decades breaking down our ozone layer. The people, animals and plants that live under the weakening of the ozone layer have an increased chance of radiation poisoning from the sun where it reaches the surface of the earth and can cause eye damage and skin damage, etc. The Ozone Hole is not the cause of Global Warming. The radiation from the sun only accounts for 1% of the energy from the sun and not enough to cause an increase in heat. The increase in temperature comes from the release of too much carbon into our atmosphere from coal, gas and oil burned to generate electricity or to fuel our cars and planes. These gases spread around the Earth like a blanket, capturing the solar heat that is supposed to radiate out into space. It is the reverse of a Volcano that erupts and sends out ash into the atmosphere. This ash can reflect the solar hear away from the surface causing temperatures to plummet. The...
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...No one can say with any assurance what the dollar value of damages would be from the highly uncertain climate changes that might accompany a planet earth that is steadily warming. Paul Solman: Are headlines trumpeting the fact that carbon dioxide levels in the earth’s atmosphere have now passed 400 parts per million for the first time in something like three million years unduly alarmist? Or are they a timely warning? I asked noted environmental economist Martin Weitzman to address the question. An expert on the Soviet economy in the ’70s and ’80s, Weitzman first made news in 1984 with the publication of a book called The Share Economy, an argument for profit sharing instead of fixed wages. Fourteen years later came his paper Recombinant Growth, which revolutionized how some of us understood the enormous potential of technology. But for many years, Weitzman has also been working on environmental economics and most recently, in a series of widely cited academic papers, on the economics of global warming; the most famous, on the “Economics of Catastrophic Climate Change.” Weitzman’s central idea is not unlike the legendary bet proposed by the 16th century Catholic French philosopher Blaise Pascal. One way to interpret Pascal’s argument: even if you think the likelihood of God’s existence is vanishingly small, the cost if you’re wrong — eternal damnation — is infinitely high. An infinite cost times even a tiny probability is still … an infinite cost. So you make...
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...Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect The Earth is kept warm by it's atmosphere, which acts rather like a woolly coat - without it, the average surface temperature would be about -18 degrees Centigrade. Heat from the sun passes through the atmosphere, warming it up, and most of it warms the surface of the planet. As the Earth warms up, it emits heat in the form of infra-red radiation - much like a hot pan emits heat even after it's taken away from the cooker. Some of this heat is trapped by the atmosphere, but the rest escapes into space. The so-called "greenhouse gases" make the atmosphere trap more of this radiation, so it gradually warms up more than it should, like a greenhouse (although a greenhouse actually does this by stopping warm air rising and escaping from it). What Causes The Greenhouse Effect? There are some natural greenhouse gases: water vapour, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone. However, over the past fifty years, production of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane has risen sharply, and a new type of chemical - the chlorofluorocarbon, or CFC - has been introduced as a refrigerant, solvent and aerosol propellant, but it is also a very powerful greenhouse gas, because it can trap a lot of radiation - one molecule of CFC is 12,000 to 16,000 times as effective at absorbing infra-red radiation as a molecule of carbon dixide. This graph shows how much each gas contributes to the greenhouse effect, taking into account how much of...
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...National Disaster Management Committee & Department of Disaster Management [pic] [pic] Training Manual Table of Contents Introduction: The Importance of Communication 4 Emergency Communications and Warning Systems 5 Technologies behind Warning Systems 7 WARNING FLOW DIAGRAM 8 Principles of Emergency Communications 9 The Motorola Pro 5150 Handset Radio 12 Methods of communication 13 HF Radio. 19 VHF Radio. 19 UHF – Mobile / Fixed Trunk. 21 Satellite Communications. 21 POTS or Plain Old Telephone System. 21 Cellular Telephone. 22 Internet. 22 Broadcast Services. 22 Cable. 22 Pager. 23 Civil Communications. 23 Military Communications. 23 Amateur Radios. 23 Private/Commercial Communications. 23 Marine and Aeronautical Communications. 23 Citizens Band (CB) 24 THE ICOM 718 High Frequency (HF) general coverage radio 25 The Main Components of a Typical HF Radio Station: 26 Operating Modes 27 SIMPLEX OPERATION 27 DUPLEX OPERATION VIA REPEATER 27 Radio Relay/Rebroadcast 28 Extending Range 28 Linked Repeater System 29 Proper Use of Repeaters. 30 Radio checks, Signal strength and Readability 31 Preliminary Calls 31 OPERATIONAL INFORMATION 33 INCOMING RADIO MESSAGES 33 INCOMING TELEPHONE MESSAGES 34 OUTGOING MESSAGES 34 RECEPTION OF DISTRESS, URGENCY AND SAFETY MESSAGES 35 Sample Message Form 36 Calling Procedures 37 Collective calls and Radio check...
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...BP bears brunt of blame for the deepwater horizon catastrophe for Report says oil company is 'ultimately responsible' for oil spill but rig contractors also implicated in some areas BP’s share prices rose almost 5% but fell back after report was published Photograph: Molly Riley/REUTERS A key US federal report has focused the blame for the worst offshore oil spill in US history on BP, but criticised its contractors sufficiently for the markets to push BP's share price up. Amid a string of failures, BP's "cost or time-saving decisions… were contributing causes of the blowout," the report concluded. Assigning ultimate responsibility for the disaster – and the billions of dollars of clean-up and compensation costs – will take years of legal action, but Wednesday's investigation report was seen as a significant indicator as it was conducted by the regulator responsible for offshore activities. The blowout at the Deepwater Horizon rig in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010 killed 11 people and led to almost 5 million barrels of oil being spilt into the ocean. BP's share price rose almost 5% in London on rumours the report would help avert the company being found grossly negligent in future, which would increase its financial liabilities hugely. But it fell back after the report was published, finishing the day up 3.5% at 395.1p. The investigation, jointly conducted by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (Boemre) and the US Coast Guard, stated that a...
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...Individual Project AIU Online Ashleigh Wright 02/16/2013 Case 1 Should the Supreme Court hold up and agree to the convection? No, not at all. In this case it is stated the Crain was improperly and illegally arrested, if that's e true case then yes this is almost a classic case of fruit of the poisonous tree. The "fruit of the poisonous tree" doctrine is an offspring of the Exclusionary Rule. The exclusionary rule mandates that evidence obtained from an illegal arrest, unreasonable search, or coercive interrogation must be excluded from trial. Under the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine, evidence is also excluded from trial if it was gained through evidence uncovered in an illegal arrest, unreasonable search, or coercive interrogation. Like the exclusionary rule, the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine was established primarily to deter law enforcement from violating rights against unreasonable searches and seizures.(Legal Dictionary, 2008) The name fruit of the poisonous tree is thus a metaphor: the poisonous tree is evidence seized in an illegal arrest, search, or interrogation by law enforcement. The fruit of this poisonous tree is evidence later discovered because of knowledge gained from the first illegal search, arrest, or interrogation. The poisonous tree and the fruit are both excluded from a criminal trial.(Legal Dictionary, 2008) That being stated, then no the Supreme Court should not hold up his conviction, they should actually...
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...2005. The Court of Appeals found that detectives improperly interrogated Dorsey for 13 hours and didn’t give him his Miranda Warnings. Dorsey was found guilty and sentence to 14 years in prison. The conviction was overturned and the court ordered a new trial. Dorsey Fifth Amendment rights were violated according to a 5-2 ruling for the D.C. Court of Appeals. U.S. attorney office is reviewing the ruling. Prosecutors could retry this case. ANALYSIS Keith L. Alexandria of the Washington Post is correct when he wrote this article to uncover the violations the police department conducted when interrogating James Dorsey for the crime of assault against an 83 year old woman. Alexander presents a perspective that favors the defendant, when exploiting the fact that police detectives improperly interrogated Dorsey, and failed to give him his Miranda warning before questioning him about the crime. This action resulted in the violation of Dorsey’s Fifth Amendment rights, which got his conviction, overturned and ordered a new trial. Alexander makes good points when presenting the facts of Dorsey’s Fifth Amendment right violation while also informing his readers about the victim’s friend’s reaction to this violation and the implications. This article presented a lot of facts but did not mention the detectives reasoning for not giving Dorsey his Miranda warning. Further, the article did not mention if the police were going to investigate any new suspects, based on the fact that the...
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...Do you feel that you have ever been discriminated against? What was/were the situation(s)? Do you believe that specific demographic or ethnographic groups working in the United States need legal protection against retaliation? Why, or why not? Provide examples. Please include the name of the person or question to which you are replying in the subject line. For example, "Tom's response to Susan's comment." Yes I do feel that I have been discriminated against. At the age of 18 I was falsely arrested. I went to my father’s house to use his internet to fill out a resume because I was going to be starting a new job. When I was done I started to make my way to my mother’s house when I was pulled over by the police. They came out guns drawn which confused me. They proceeded to arrest me. They did not even read me my Miranda Rights. I was booked and thrown in a cell for the entire weekend. My family was not notified. I was told that I matched a black male with black on in a dark colored sedan. When I was release the following Monday I was treated like it was my fault that I was in there in the first place. I do think that certain groups do need protection however, I believe that it is some of our supposed protectors who inflict such things as racial profiling, unnecessary force, and brutality. What are we to do to correct...
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...their work quality. But there are situations when an employee refuses to or is unable to comply and termination must take place. In my experience I have found that certain steps need to be taken to properly and legally terminate. 1. Retrain Take the time to retrain an employee. Some people are quicker at learning and others not. Retraining will often solve the problem. 2. Consult Consulting with the employee is important communication; find out where he or she needs help with to improve. 3. Verbal warning Employee has been retrained and consulted but still doesn’t comply, a verbal warning must now take place and be correctly documented. 4. First written warning Repetitive noncompliance has profound impacts on a work environment, for other staff members as well the production of the business. The employee is now on probation. He or she has one more chance to correct the problem with guidance from superiors. 5. Second written warning This is the last warning before termination takes place. No guidance will be given at this point because all measures to effectively correct the problem have been taken. 6. Termination or Suspension The employee has shown no attempt to correct the problem, he or she has been given all the help, time and guidance needed to improve work quality and be in compliance with the company’s policies. Termination must be documented with a witness, employee must be asked to gather her or his belongings, and quietly be escorted off property...
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...U.S. Constitution – The Miranda Warning Technically, The Miranda Warning is not in the U.S. Constitution. The Miranda Warning came about after Miranda vs. Arizona in 1966. But it refers to the Fifth Amendment right that protects against self-incrimination, or "the right to remain silent". (Cornell) Amendment V “No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” (Mount 2010) Basically, the 5th amendment is to protect people in situations from getting in trouble it even protects ignorant suspects from incriminating themselves. In particular, it stops you from having to speak to the police or testify against yourself before a court, so it is best to keep your mouth shut until you have a lawyer. It also says that the government has to have a reason for arresting you and that you have the right to a trial with a jury, that you cannot be charged with capital a crime (murder) without a Grand Jury's permission, except in cases when you’re in the military...
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...Axia College | Miranda Assignment | Week 8 Assignment ADJ 275 | | | 7/10/2011 | | * When should the Miranda warnings be given and why? * How might this situation not require Miranda warnings? * Explain your reasoning. Miranda warnings should be given as soon as the suspect is in custody and before any questioning or interrogation. Miranda warnings are given in order to protect the constitutional rights of the suspect. Miranda warnings also ensures comments made by a suspect are admissible in a court of law. If the suspect is made aware of his or her rights, and choose to waive them, any incriminating statements can be used against them. If they waive the right to an attorney, they can be questioned without an attorney coaching them. A suspect may also, at any time during interrogation, request counsel. At this time, questioning must stop until the suspects attorney is present. A request for counsel must be clear and unambiguous. If a suspect decides they want an attorney after initially waiving thir rights, they must clearly state this. Officers conducting the interrogation may ask questions to determine if the suspect is indeed asking for an attorney. Example case: Davis v. US The Supreme Court ruled that clarifying statements were not required if a suspect makes an ambiguous statement of their Miranda right to counsel. The defendant Robert L. Davis, was accused of beating a sailor to death with a poolcue after an argument...
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...Interviews and Interrogations Policy Paper Name SEC/360 Date Instructor In the security and law enforcement industry, interviews and interrogations are a way that officers can gathers facts and information about a situation, incident, or case. For security and law enforcement officers interviews and interrogations play a key role in building and solving cases. This paper will discuss the comparison and contrast between security interviews and security interrogations, the legal issues associated with security interviews and interrogations, and finally a security organization policy on conducting security interviews and interrogations. Interviewing and interrogating suspects are two important but separate vital aspects of collecting information about criminal activity. The difference between an interview and an interrogation is that security professionals conduct interviews, and law enforcement officers can conduct both. When a security officer conducts an interview, the main purpose is to collect information from individuals who may have witnessed a crime. At first, the facts are not known and the individual is not accused of a crime, and the setting is meant to be comfortable and have an open dialogue. With interrogations the goal is to obtain reliable information to provide to the prosecutor and to the judge or jury so they have an accurate account of the crime. The setting of an interrogation is formal and in a controlled environment conducted, only...
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