...Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 2.0 PORTER’S NATIONAL DIAMOND ANALYSIS 3 2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 4 2.2 FACTOR CONDITIONS 5 2.3 DEMAND CONDITIONS 6 2.4 RELATED & SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES 7 2.5 FIRM STRATEGY, STRUCTURE & RIVALRY 7 3.0CONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT ISSUES 8 3.1 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 8 3.2 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 10 4.0 MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES 11 4.1 JOINT-VENTURE 11 4.2 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 12 5.0 CONCLUSIONS 13 6.0 REFERENCES 14 1.0 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to discuss and evaluate the attractiveness of the food retail industry in India. Research on the Indian food retail industry will be executed to construct an analysis of the overall competitiveness and investment attractiveness. In Part 1, the researcher will apply the extended version of Porter’s National Diamond (PND) model to the Indian food retail industry. In Part 2, two key management issues will be taken into account and analysed before developing any further operations into the Indian food retail industry. In Part 3, two market entry strategies will be selected, compared, and discuss the advantages and limitations of each to determine the optimal strategy to be implemented in regards to the Indian food retail industry. 2.0 Part 1: PORTER’S NATIONAL DIAMOND ANALYSIS India has experienced significant social and economic change as of late, enabling a solid consumer market for foreign retailers. According to UNICEF, the Indian economy has been booming, with...
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...Global and International Business Contexts – SM0269 W13012208 Jack Goddard Word Count: 3457 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Part 1: Porter's National Diamond Analysis 3 Part 2: Contemporary Management Issues 7 Part 3: Market Entry Strategy 11 Recommendation to the Board of Directors…………… ……………………………… ….13 Appendices 14 References 15 Introduction This report has been written by the Boston Consulting Group and uses Porter’s national diamond analysis model to evaluate the attractiveness of investment opportunities in the Tunisian wine industry. Also discussed are two key management issues that need to be taken into account before developing operations in Tunisia followed by recommendations on two strategies for entry into the Tunisian wine industry market. In terms of background to this report, it should be noted that the global market for wine industry is changing significantly with substantial differences in the structure of the wine industry around the world. For instance, there are 232,900 wine producers in France but the top 10 brands control only 4% of the market. In contrast, four firms control over 75% of the Australian wine market. Hence there is a marked difference in industry structure when comparing the “New World” producers (e.g. Australia, Chile, United States) to the “Old World” firms. These structural differences are driven by institutional...
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...International advertising strategies International advertising strategies Theodore Levitt's seminal article ‘The Globalisation of Markets' (Harvard Business Review 1983) caused many companies to examine their international advertising strategies and to adopt a global strategy. What problems do you see in such an approach? Advertising is a universal business activity today. As media has spread across the world and marketers have expanded it reaching different unexplored counties, advertising is gaining impetus in the whole globe and it is easy to identify when you move from a place to another or simply when you travel that you realize that advertising is the most visible manifestation of the globalization of business in general and of brands in particular. Advertising allows consumers to “compare goods, which often results in lower prices and improved product quality; advertising stimulates the economy by encouraging consumption; and it has the potential to improve living standards” (Mueller, 1996, p. 256). When you talk about International Advertising it is means that you are talking about cross-border advertising and it is possible to have a specific connotations that you can adopted as a global strategy. According to Jones, J. (2000) there is two countries who believe that their advertising is the best in the world: United Kingdom and United States, and he stressed that the language (English) has becoming the primary worldwide language, at least for business; that belief...
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...International Journal of Business and Management; Vol. 7, No. 16; 2012 ISSN 1833-3850 E-ISSN 1833-8119 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Cross-Cultural Etiquette and Communication in Global Business: Toward a Strategic Framework for Managing Corporate Expansion Ephraim Okoro1 1 School of Business, Howard University, Washington, USA Correspondence: Ephraim A. Okoro, Department of Marketing, School of Business, Howard University, 2600–Sixth Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20059, USA. Tel: 1-202-806-1545. E-mail: eaokoro@howard.edu Received: March 22, 2012 doi:10.5539/ijbm.v7n16p130 Abstract The expanding scope of business corporations in the first decade of the twenty-first century is drawing much scholarly attention, and the trend has been described as a fact of life that defies the stretch of human imagination. The concept of global economy has expanded consumer awareness, defined new standards and rules of operations, and increased the need for national and corporate interdependence. Multinational organizations are exploring opportunities around the world, demonstrating sensitivity towards cultural differences in order to gain from the proliferation and growth of international enterprise. Recent studies indicate that while some corporations compete successfully in the global marketplace, others have failed to sustain their competitive advantage because of cultural imperialism or inadequate acculturation of their managers on international assignment...
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...chapter 10 the international context There never were, since the creation of the world, two cases exactly parallel. Philip Dormer Stanhope (1694–1773); English Secretary of State INTRODUCTION firms move out of their domestic market on to the Aswith differinglanguage, arenas.system, technologicalinternational stage, they aretofaced business The nations they expand to can vary with regard consumer behavior, legal infrastructure, business culture, educational system, labor relations, political ideology, distribution structures and fiscal regime, to name just a few. At face value, the plurality of the international context can seem daunting. Yet, the question is how important the international differences are for firms operating across borders. Do firms need to adapt to the international diversity encountered, or can they find ways of overcoming the constraints imposed by distinct national systems, structures and behaviors? This matter of understanding and dealing with international variety is one of the key topics for managers operating across borders. A second question with regard to the international context is that of international linkages – to what extent do events in one country have an impact on what happens in other countries? When a number of nations are tightly linked to one another in a particular area, this is referred to as a case of international integration. If, on the other hand, there are very weak links between developments in one country and developments...
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...DAVID PRIFYSGOL CYMRU: Y DRINDOD DEWI SANT School of Business The Global Business Environment SBUS4004 Summer June 2014 – Term 1 October 2014 – Term 2 SBUS4004 The Global Business Environment MODULE CODE: TITLE: LEVEL: CREDITS: TEACHING METHODS: SBUS4004 The Global Business Environment 4 20 Lectures Seminars Independent Study N100 16% 8% 76% JACS CODE: AIM(S) • To introduce the importance of the global business environment within which organisations operate. To enable students to identify and recommend business decisions considering the changing components of the global business environment. • LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this module students should be able to: • • • outline and discuss the characteristics of an organisation’s environment; identify and discuss how organisations interact with the global business environment; interpret and produce supply and demand (price) predictions based on global business environment scenarios; distinguish how different organisations compete domestically and internationally; understand and identify cultural differences between countries and the importance of the different aspects of culture in doing business in a global context. • • CONTENT • Determining the difference between needs and wants and their significance to economics and business. Three economic systems, planned, free and mixed economies and the implications of each system on business/ organisations and society. Market classifications...
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...Manag Int Rev (2011) 51:179–192 DOI 10.1007/s11575-011-0071-6 R e s e a R c h a Rt i c l e Effective Global Strategy Implementation Structural and Process Choices Facilitating Global Integration and Coordination Attila Yaprak · Shichun Xu · Erin Cavusgil Abstract: 0 0 this article offers a contingency framework of global strategy implementation effectiveness on firm performance. The research question we seek to address is what the structural and process requirements are for MNEs to successfully implement global strategy through increased efficiency and effectiveness of integration and coordination across world markets. Our central premise is that MNEs’ capabilities in establishing supporting structural and process mechanisms will enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of implementing their global strategies which would, in turn, lead to better firm performance. Keywords: Integration and coordination · Global strategy · Firm performance · contingency framework Received: 25.12.2009 / Revised: 15.08.2010 / Accepted: 11.10.2010 / Published online: 02.04.2011 © Gabler-Verlag 2011 Prof. A. Yaprak () Department of Marketing, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA e-mail: Attila.yaprak@wayne.edu Asst. Prof. S. Xu Department of Marketing and Logistics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA Asst. Prof. E. Cavusgil Department of Marketing, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, USA 180 A. Yaprak et al. Introduction The globalization of the world economy...
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...liberalization of the Indian economy are radically changing the business landscape. The international capital flows into India have increased several-fold since the onset of liberalization; Indian companies are becoming multinationals in their own right--a trend certain to intensify in the coming years. All in all, multinationals are becoming more ubiquitous as an instrument of economic and business activity. The business leaders of tomorrow need to be trained today in the unique requirements of multinational management. It is toward this objective that the proposed course in Multinational Management is being offered. The course combines a number of sub-disciplines from the fields of social sciences and business administration. It is broad in sweep; its depth is pitched at the PGP level. The overall course is divided into four modules, as follows: Module I--International Business Context-- provides an historical perspective on globalization and presents a viewpoint on its future direction. It also covers some of the globalization drivers including international trade and investment and how they spawn multinational activity. The phenomenon of domestic and cross-border corruption and bribery, often an inherent part of such activities, is discussed. Finally, it postulates how countries and companies can develop competitive advantage and defines the implications for multinationals as well as host countries. Module II--Business Strategies--begins with the theoretical framework...
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...Cornell University ILR School DigitalCommons@ILR Visiting Fellow Working Papers International Programs 3-1-2005 The Role of Corporate HR Funcitons in MNCs: The Interplay Between Corporate, Regional/ National and Plant Level Elaine Farndale Erasmus University Rotterdam, farndale@few.eur.nl Jaap Paauwe Erasmus University Rotterdam, paauwe@few.eur.nl Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/intlvf Part of the Human Resources Management Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the International Programs at DigitalCommons@ILR. It has been accepted for inclusion in Visiting Fellow Working Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@ILR. For more information, please contact jdd10@cornell.edu. The Role of Corporate HR Funcitons in MNCs: The Interplay Between Corporate, Regional/National and Plant Level Abstract The HR literature has been abundant in providing typologies of the roles of HR professionals in their organisation. These typologies are largely related to the changing nature of HRM over time, and the context in which empirical work was carried out. In this paper we focus on the context of the increasing internationalisation of firms and how this has an effect upon modern-day typologies of HR roles. We explore these roles by focusing on the way in which HRM practices come about. Especially in a MNC setting of increasing internationalisation of firms the issues of coordination, shared...
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...Toward a Conceptual Model of Global Leadership Jose Mathews* In the globalized world, global organizations have to contend with global leaders, and no easy parallel can be found between domestic and global leaderships. Researchers have approached the construct of global leadership from different perspectives of cognitive complexity, competency, behavioral, human capital, personality process and global mindset. In relation to these perspectives and the contextual elements of global business environment, a model of global leadership is derived. The key content variables of global leadership are explained in the realms of cognitive complexity, emotional resilience, cultural intelligence, motivational processes and related facets which interact with the global business environment. Introduction In organizational behavior, leadership appears to be the most researched, debated and discussed topic, and researchers have analyzed what leaders are like, what they do, how they are effective, what are the conditions/situations that make them effective, how do they bring about changes among the followers, the styles of their interactions with the followers and how they go about achieving their individual, group and organizational goals (George, 2000). The traditional focus of leadership is the organization that operates within a limited boundary. However, the changed context of globalization and the emergence of multinational and transnational corporations necessitate...
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...coordination and when they cater to the firms’ interests in expanding its business beyond the borders of its home country, the parameters for analysis change. The company has to think beyond its own domestic construct and towards a more broad-based approach. Multinationals have to consider a completely new array of factors which range across the home country, the foreign country and even the distance in between. In today’s world of interconnectedness, FDI has been facilitated through the use of modern technology and the transferability of technology across boundaries. The global trading environment allows for investment flows across countries. While countries may be wary of imports, FDI is always welcomed as it leads to job creation within an economy and a boost to GDP. The FDI decision would itself be one needing intense planning, strategizing and thorough analysis. The factors which determine investment decisions by large firms vary across countries and it is up to the firms to determine whether the costs incurred by the variances among these parameters would be worth the price of admission. The cost benefit analysis has to be thorough given that the company is exploring new markets which could be considered a whole new world within the context of the company. Stepping out of the bounds of its own industrial and economical context and towards a global context or towards the industrial and economical context of a different country altogether is a decision in need of clear and thorough...
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...of HR Running Head: Importance of HRM in International Business Importance of HRM in International Business [Name of Author] [Name of Institution] 1- Outline Importance of human resource management is now globally recognized and business growth is related to better management of human capital of a company. The present research proposal, henceforth, sets ground to investigate the importance of managing, running, and stabilizing human resource in order for the growth of business. It aims to contribute to the existing research of human resource management (HRM) by organizing secondary sources and relating it specially to the expansion of business across borders that has come to be known as multinational companies operating in a number of different countries (INVESTOR, 2008). The paper also examines various facets and implications of across border business activities that aim to take place majorly due to HR issues such as mergers, acquisition, and so on (Chapman, 2001). Another important aspect of HR and business spreading over the international boundaries is cultural aspects of a specific region, country, or state that a business venture must come to recognized as a valid component. It is important to realize that in the flourishing of withering of a business local culture plays a decisive role. Related to this is the issue of workplace culture where, as in today’s global workplace, workers come from different cultures and backgrounds to work together. Hence it is...
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...45 2014 January International Business Studies and the Imperative of Context. Exploring the ‘Black Whole’ in Institutional Theory Michael Jakobsen ©Copyright is held by the author or authors of each Discussion Paper. Copenhagen Discussion Papers cannot be republished, reprinted, or reproduced in any format without the permission of the paper's author or authors. Note: The views expressed in each paper are those of the author or authors of the paper. They do not represent the views of the Asia Research Centre or Copenhagen Business School. Editor of the Copenhagen Discussion Papers: Associate Professor Michael Jacobsen Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School Porcelænshaven 24 DK-2000 Frederiksberg Denmark Tel.: (+45) 3815 3396 Email: mj.int@cbs.dk www.cbs.dk/arc International Business Studies and the Imperative of Context. Exploring the ‘Black Whole’ in Institutional Theory Michael Jakobsen Associate Professor Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School mj.int@cbs.dk Abstract The aim of this article is to take a critical look at how to perceive informal institutions within institutional theory. Douglas North in his early works on institutional theory divided the national institutional framework into two main categories, formal and informal institution or constraints as he called them. The formal constraints consisted of political rules, judicial decisions and economic contracts, whereas informal constraints consisted of socially sanctioned norms...
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...38 3 The global context of business Chris Britton Businesses of all sizes operate in international markets – products are sold across borders; the resources used in production can come from anywhere in the world; communication is instantaneous; and financial markets are inextricably linked, as the events of 2008 demonstrate. Individual businesses operate across borders in a variety of ways – they can do this directly, through the formation of strategic alliances or through merger and takeover. It is clear then that businesses need to be aware of the global context of their markets. Having read this chapter you should be able to: G G G G Learning outcomes understand the difference between globalisation and internationalisation outline the main elements of globalisation illustrate the role of the multinational enterprise introduce the implications of globalisation for business Key terms Capital market flows Consortium Cross-subsidisation Customs union Emerging economies Foreign direct investment (FDI) Franchising Free trade area Globalisation Hyperglobalisation Internationalisation International trade Joint venture Licensing Multinational enterprise (MNE) Regionalism Regional trade agreements (RTAs) Strategic alliance Transfer pricing Transformationalism Globalisation versus internationalisation 39 Introduction Businesses operate in a global context: even if they do not trade directly with other countries, they might be affected by a domestic...
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...Balancing Global and Local Strategic Contexts: Expatriate Knowledge Transfer, Applications and Learning within a Transnational Organization J. Barry Hocking Michelle Brown Anne-Wil Harzing Version January 2007 Accepted for Human Resource Management Copyright © 2003-2007 Barry Hocking, Michelle Brown and Anne-Wil Harzing. All rights reserved. Dr. Anne-Wil Harzing University of Melbourne Department of Management Faculty of Economics & Commerce Parkville Campus Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia Email: anne-wil@harzing.com Web: www.harzing.com Balancing Global and Local Strategic Contexts: Expatriate Knowledge Transfer, Applications and Learning within a Transnational Organization Abstract In this paper we investigate how expatriates contribute to the transnational firm’s strategic objectives of global efficiency, national (‘local’) responsiveness, and worldwide learning. We focus on their knowledge applications and experiential learning, two assignment-based outcomes of potential strategic value to the firm. We assess how these outcomes are impacted by the expatriate’s everyday knowledge access and communication activities, measured by their frequency and geographic extent. Within our case organization, a prototype transnational firm, we find that the expatriates’ knowledge applications result from their frequent knowledge access and communication with the corporate headquarters and other global units of the firm. In contrast, their experiential learning derives from...
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