...relation between globalization and accounting and how it affects it. The paper analyses the effects of globalization from three different sections, the effects on management accounting, the effects on the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), and negative and positive effects on accountants. From the GAAP perspective, the accounting principles seem to lose supremacy in the world due to the upcoming international rules for financial accounting (Cline 2010). According to management accounting, globalization seems to impose businesses to look deep into the compliance of standards. With regard to threats and opportunities resulting from globalization, the study focuses on what accountants can do to better themselves in accordance to globalization. Introduction The business environment appears to get smaller with each passing day. Therefore, accountants face troubles in remaining protected from the progressions that occur around the world (Diaconu and Coman 2006). Globalization hint’s at the regularly changing procedure of incorporation and connection among governments, individuals and organizations. The key three things that incorporate globalization are investment, international trade and information technology (Diaconu and Coman 2006). Globalization moves the world to another level and places it to more at the leading edge statures reliably. Outstandingly, globalization procedures have both negative and constructive effects on accounting (Godfrey and...
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...Abstract It is fairly easy for a top executive to reduce the price of his or her company's stock. Due to information asymmetry. The executive can accelerate accounting of expected expenses, delay accounting of expected revenue, engage in off balance sheet transactions to make the company's profitability appear temporarily poorer, or simply promote and report severely conservative estimates of future earnings. And this phenomenon of accounting scandal exist in contemporary society. The integrity of the accounting profession and the credibility of financial information provided by businesses have been undermined by scandals. Accounting and business education should pay more attention to the ethical to prevent accounting scandals. And they should not be focused on the teaching of accounting techniques. Neoliberal ideology is a political movement beginning in the 1960s that blends traditional liberal concerns for social justice with an emphasis on economic growth. And it is similar to globalization. Globalization includes three elements that are difficult decreasing, quick response to alterations, and multilateral trade liberalization. And accounting professional contains individual professional judgment and professional self-regulation. Globalisation brings many benefits but also a number of problems, for instance, low price labour used by multinationals that Increasing wages for highly-skilled workers and reducing wages for less-skilled workers obviously leads to greater inequality...
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...topic of globalization is one of much controversy among individuals in today’s society. Globalization, a process driven by international trade and investing to create a more unification among nations worldwide economically, politically, and socially, has expanded immensely in recent decades. Individuals argue that globalization has been around since the 15th century due to exploration of persons such as Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama; but it wasn’t until the late 19th and early 20th centuries that globalization began to steadily become more prevalent due to the advancement in transportation methods. Since then many other technological advancements, especially that of communication, have played pivotal roles in the movement towards globalization. Although this movement may seem appealing to a variety of entities and especially consumers due to the overall decrease in price of goods, for the most part; there are variety of negative implications associated with the movement as well. In this composition will be information pertaining the impact globalization with have on global accounting standards. Currently there are two sets of accounting standards to take into consideration for this transition in the United States. The first of which being International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). IFRS, a more “principle based” method used in over 110 countries including the countries part of the European Union, is monitored and regulated by the International Accounting Standards...
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...ACCOUNTING CHALLENGES: A Global Perspective Amber Welch May 17, 2014 BU481 Introduction Herbie Hancock once said, “Globalization means we have to re-examine some of our ideas, and look at ideas from other countries, from other cultures, and open ourselves to them. And that’s not comfortable for the average person”. Globalization pivots on the strength of the business behind it, the focused efforts by accounting and manageability of an industry of leadership, and standards that when faced with challenge, must meet the rising needs of the world. Born from the necessity of standardization, the hurdles of international business, and the wave pool that is the global economy, today, accounting at all levels faces challenges unlike any ever seen in history. To understand how to continue to move forward and face these challenges, it is important to first examine the standards in accounting, and to explore the differences in U.S. standards versus worldwide standards. To look at the development process and the governing bodies surrounding this change, and then examine what change will bring, and whether it is attainable. For continued growth, understanding the modern realm of international business and the changes being seen in accounting leadership as well as the growth of technology, and the mounting concern for ethics in the world environment is as vital as any other component. It is important to explore the economy of the United States versus the world, the impacts of...
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...a major role in its development gaining the attraction of the interest of other developed countries. Globalization has become one of the significant factors of its development, thus forcing the countries to alter its economic policies and reforms as well as the accounts standards. (International monetary fund, 2014) http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/med/2003/eng/abed.htm "Challenges of Growth and Globalization in the middle East and North Africa by George T. Abed and Hamid R. Davoodi." Challenges of Growth and Globalization in the middle East and North Africa by George T. Abed and Hamid R. Davoodi. International Monetary Fund, n.d. Web. 10 Apr. 2014. <http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/med/2003/eng/abed.htm>. JORDAN The government of Jordan has adopted IFRS in may 15th,1977 by passing Company Law No.22 which came into effect after thirty days of its issue. The Public companies were informed to classify their accounts according to the International Financial Reporting Standards. (IFRS, 2011) Egypt The companies in Egypt were monitored by the IFRS until the Capital Market Law passed in 1992 which obliged all the registered companies to follow Egyptian Accounting Standards set by ministry of Finance. The Central Bank made it mandatory for all the Banks to follow the EAS.However, as per the current report, the Egyptian companies are known to be adopting IFR standards. (IFRS, 2011) Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia follows the strict regulation of Islamic law known as sharia...
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...Globalization is imposing professional challenges to the Accounting through out the world. Accounting standards will have to adopt an “official common language” if expansion and investment continue growing as have occurred in the past decade. However, it is difficult to say that exactly in five years the business world will have a standard accounting method due to the many government barriers that such a decision involves. Accounting has changed in the past decade with low results in approaching one set of accounting standards. However, it has positively changed in the way that easy comparability can be offered so businesses get encouraged to expand beyond borders. For instance, a Japanese investor apprehensive in the language of accounting can actively participate in European stock markets because even if he does not read the local language, he will be able to understand the financial information published by the corporations with which he interacts. However, there is still difficulties when trying to understand some companies reporting methods which lead to scape from those to invest. Gregory Miller - “I think most [global managers] would love to have one set of solid accounting standards, rather than having to deal with "translation" issues.” A large number of accountants have been actively involved in trying to unified accounting rules and practices around the world. The grow of these groups is getting so big that it can now be consider as another aspect of the...
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...Environment Role of Financial Reporting • Financial statements and financial reporting • Accounting and capital allocation •Stakeholders Objective of Financial Reporting •Management bias •Users’ needs Standard Setting • Need to develop standards • Parties involved in standard setting • Standard setting in a political environment GAAP • GAAP hierarchy •Professional judgement • Role of ethics Challenges Facing Financial Reporting • Globalization of companies and capital markets • Impact of technology • Changing nature of the economy • Increased requirement for accountability 2 The Canadian Financial Reporting Environment Role of Financial Reporting • Financial statements and financial reporting • Accounting and capital allocation •Stakeholders Objective of Financial Reporting •Management bias •Users’ needs Standard Setting • Need to develop standards • Parties involved in standard setting • Standard setting in a political environment GAAP • GAAP hierarchy •Professional judgement • Role of ethics Challenges Facing Financial Reporting • Globalization of companies and capital markets • Impact of technology • Changing nature of the economy • Increased requirement for accountability 3 Characteristics of Accounting 1. Identification, measurement, and communication of financial information about; 2. Economic entities to; 3. Interested persons. 4 Financial Reporting • Financial accounting provides historical information • Financial reporting is used by both internal and external...
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...Development Challenges Faced by Accounting Profession ACCT 5100 Professional Development Challenges Faced by Accounting Profession Introduction Accounting has evolved, like many other professions, over time and is playing an increasingly significant role in today’s business environment. The key accounting practices are still identify, measure and communicate the economic condition of an entity with both inside and outside stakeholders. Accounting professionals have widened their attention beyond technical skills to incorporate social implications over the past several decades. Over the past few years, the whole world witnessed the impact of modern advances in information technology, globalization, and many other factors, all of which increased the public awareness of changes in global business environment and also brought many challenges to this profession. In response to these difficulties, modern accountants must develop a broader range of knowledge and skills to better perform their financial responsibilities. This paper examines several key challenges concerning the profession: 1) independence, 2) globalization and IFRS, 3) knowledge and skills gap. Challenges faced by accounting profession Independence and objectivity Independence is not a new issue faced by accountants; however, it has been and always will be one of the biggest challenges faced by this profession. Accounting to the research done by Beverley, Barry...
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...International Convergence of Accounting Standards Standardization is a common theme across many sectors as the world continues an ever developing push towards globalization. This globalization requires the economic integration of nations into an international economy. In order to achieve integration it was recognized that there needed to be a standardized accounting system for financial information to be exchanged and interpreted. Thus, a goal and a path were developed to obtain the International Convergence of Accounting Standards. To understand the International Convergence of Accounting Standards knowledge is needed of its meaning, the roles of the IASB and FASB, it's history, where the world is in its process, futures plans, its benefits, and what the International Convergence means for Accounting in the US. Meaning of International Convergence of Accounting Standards: The FASB believes that the goal of convergence is to establish an exclusive set of reputable, international accounting standards. Convergence allows for companies both domestic and internationally to use the same standards for financial reporting. The path needed to develop such standards involves the FASB and the IASB to facilitate their efforts to improve upon the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and the International Financial Reporting Standards and eradicate the differences between the two. Description of IASB & FASB and their roles: The International Accounting Standards Board is an independent...
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...Development Challenges Faced by Accounting Profession ACCT 5100 Professional Development Challenges Faced by Accounting Profession Introduction Accounting has evolved, like many other professions, over time and is playing an increasingly significant role in today’s business environment. The key accounting practices are still identify, measure and communicate the economic condition of an entity with both inside and outside stakeholders. Accounting professionals have widened their attention beyond technical skills to incorporate social implications over the past several decades. Over the past few years, the whole world witnessed the impact of modern advances in information technology, globalization, and many other factors, all of which increased the public awareness of changes in global business environment and also brought many challenges to this profession. In response to these difficulties, modern accountants must develop a broader range of knowledge and skills to better perform their financial responsibilities. This paper examines several key challenges concerning the profession: 1) independence, 2) globalization and IFRS, 3) knowledge and skills gap. Challenges faced by accounting profession Independence and objectivity Independence is not a new issue faced by accountants; however, it has been and always will be one of the biggest challenges faced by this profession. Accounting to the research done by Beverley, Barry...
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...Romania’s Post Communism Accounting Practices and The Effects of Adapting IFRS for SMEs Abstract Romania, located in southeastern European, was heavily influenced by the Russian Soviet Union as a socialist republic between 1947 and 1989. With becoming a capitalist country in 1989, its accounting practices began its transformation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Romania accounting practices post its revolution. The paper discusses three major accounting practice conversions made in Romania post communism. Included in this paper are comparisons of previous practices and the implications presented within each practice; along with the pros and cons and many challenges that are associated with the adaptation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for small and medium-sized entities (SMEs). Romania’s Post Communism Accounting Practices and The Effects of Adapting IFRS Romania is country located in southeastern Europe and is the ninth largest country of the European Union. Between 1947 and 1989, Romania was controlled by the Russian Soviet Union and enforced by communism. Today, reported in its 2011 Census, Romania’s currently has a population of 21,390,000 people and a gross domestic product (GDP) of $179,793,512,340. Though now considered as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank, Romania has faced many transitions from communism to capitalism over the course of the past three...
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...to international reporting The Convergence of GAAP and IFRS | Leroy Meadows Advanced Accounting | The road to international reporting The Convergence of GAAP and IFRS | Leroy Meadows Advanced Accounting | The Road to International Reporting The convergence of a rules-based approach and a principles-based approach in relation to accounting and the dissemination of financial information is not something to be taken lightly. With the need for convergence increasing due to globalization, there are sure to be some contentious issues that must be addressed if convergence is to succeed. While the main issue for those who use a rules-based approach is the issue of comparability, there are other issues that must be taken into account as well. This paper will provide a brief history of globalization as well as the response of the United States in the wake of massive corporate fraud between 2000-2002. The differences between a rules-based approach and a principles-based approach and some difficulties that arise when trying to merge two different systems of accounting will also be examined. Lastly, this paper will address why convergence is not only probable, but necessary. The Need to Be One The modern push for globalization has occurred in two stages. The World Trade Organization, in its 2008 report, provides a chronology of this push which shows the first stage of globalization starting in the mid-19th century and continuing until the start of WWI. The second stage...
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...Chakroborty, | | |198 A, Sarat Bose Road, | | |Kolkata – 700029. | | | | ROLE OF COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANTS IN IFRS REGIME CMA. Arindam Banerjee Abstract IFRS has today become a universal financial reporting language through which all the global companies are communicating with its global investors rather than having a divergent set of standards applied differently in different countries. Against this background the present article begins with the concept and background of IFRS. The article further...
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...Business Research Report FASB: The Next Turn in the Road Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Research Findings 4 FASB Foundation and History……………………………………………………………………4 Impact of the New Code and Globalization………………………………………………………5 Feelings About the New Normal………………………………………………………………….7 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………8 Conclusion 8 References………………………………………………………………………………10 Executive Summary The financial crash of 1929 and the subsequent depression of the 1930’s created the desire an need for the formation of a set of standards for financial reporting and began the evolution toward present day FASB rulings. From the first set of standards it became obvious that this would not be able to be handled informally and by 1972 the FASB was formed so as to be the go to, non-governmental source for all regulations in the accounting industry. However, the formation of this body did not end the evolution or creation of regulations as they continue in the attempt to improve the transparencies of financial reports. This has, in turn, led to a rules oriented mindset that creates far more paperwork than is typically deemed necessary and creates the possibility for confusion and muddies the water. Therefore, many thought that the mission was failing and clarification of information was no longer occurring. For this reason FASB instated its codification clarification database in 2009 with the intention of...
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...harmonizing their accounting framework within their region and with other nations worldwide. 1. Introduction The Fourth and Seventh Law Directives provide a basis for the preparation of the accounts of companies in the EU. The Directives however do not provide a universal standard which was required for the users in the 1990s mainly in the US, when major European companies were seeking globalization efforts in listing their companies across regions onto their various capital markets. In 2002, a decision by the European Union (EU) led to the passing of a International Accounting Standard (IAS) regulation. Requiring all listed companies in the EU to prepare their accounts in accordance with the International Accounting Standards (IAS). International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) was established in 2001 to 2. Motives of harmonizing accounting practices The initial standards set by EU and any other nations in early centuries were more to accommodate to individual business structure and analyzing needs, rather than for external reporting purposes. The needs were more focus on individual rather than for mass review or scrutiny. At that point of time standards and harmonization of reporting were not highly regarded for as businesses, investor and financial trades were very much simplified and manageable. This is no longer feasible when globalization and financial...
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