...The Globalization of Prostitution According to Manfred Steger, professor at the University of Hawaii, globalization can be defined as the “intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localitites in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa” (13). The main characteristics of globalization are the increased amount of global trading, markets’ openings, and inflow and outflow of goods and service (Ditmore, 186). Globalization has four major qualities such as creation of new social networks, stretching of social relations, intensification of social exchanges, and consciousness across the world (14-15). Globalization can be beneficial in terms of communication and economic trade but also can be very harmful when it comes to sex marketing, trafficking and prostitution. Prostitution is a very controversial topic and is widely debated in different countries. Globally, people are divided into proponents and opponents of legalization of prostitution. This paper is going to research and critically analyze the conflict regarding legalization of prostitution as well as provide a comparative perspective on illegal prostitution in the United States and legal prostitution in Germany. Prostitution is often named as the oldest profession in the world. Even in the times of Bible, prostitution was one of the most common ways for women to earn money. According to American Bible Society, Proverbs 23:27-28 says “for a prostitute...
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...Sex trafficking is an issue that frequently occurs around the world. However, despite how prominent this issue is, currently there are not many solutions to fix it. The solutions that currently exist focus on these issues as an individual problem. Sex trafficking is not an issue that stems from an individual level, but rather is an unforeseen consequence of globalization that furthers gender inequalities because of denied economic opportunities and the increased exposure to violence. Globalization creates populations that become vulnerable to sex trafficking around the world. In order to truly understand the causes of sex trafficking, one must look at the larger issues at hand rather than trying to blame an individual or small group of people....
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...Bangladesh is a source and transit country for men, women, and children subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced labor and forced prostitution. A significant share of Bangladesh’s trafficking victims are men recruited for work overseas with fraudulent employment offers who are subsequently exploited under conditions of forced labor or debt bondage. Children – both boys and girls – are trafficked within Bangladesh for commercial sexual exploitation, bonded labor, and forced labor. Some children are sold into bondage by their parents, while others are induced into labor or commercial sexual exploitation through fraud and physical coercion. Women and children from Bangladesh are also trafficked to India for commercial sexual exploitation.Human Trafficking In Bangladesh Bangladeshi men and women migrate willingly to Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Iraq, Lebanon, Malaysia, Liberia, and other countries for work, often under legal and contractual terms. Most Bangladeshis who seek overseas employment through legal channels rely on the 724 recruiting agencies belonging to the Bangladesh Association of International Recruiting Agencies (BAIRA). These agencies are legally permitted to charge workers up to $1,235 and place workers in low-skilled jobs typically paying between $100 and $150 per month. According to NGOs, however, many workers are charged upwards of $6,000 for these services. A recent Amnesty International report on Malaysia...
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...Human Trafficking Article 3, paragraph (a) of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons defines Trafficking in Persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs ( www.unodc.org). Human trafficking has become a major problem worldwide which affects many people it is also a serious crime and a violation in human rights. An estimated 600-800 thousand people are moved unwillingly between international borders each year). There is an even larger number of 12.3 million people who are estimated to be forced to work in agriculture, manufacturing, and the sex trade. A majority of the people forced into labor, especially into the sex trade, are children, most of which are women, at an estimated 1 million children per year. There is a large amount of violence and abuse involved in sex slavery, many times leading to death. Globalization seems to have played a major role in the rise of sex...
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...“Wherever you live, regardless of the city or nation, some form of human trafficking exists” (Hepburn, 2010, p. 2). This same theory is also true for trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation. Sex trafficking trades people, mainly women and girls, into the commercial sex industry to be used. Sex trafficking has profited billions of dollars into the traffickers in various nations. A nation-state is a term coined to a country that rules themself, has a system of rule, and people and a place to rule over. Even within nation-states, the definition of prostitution and sex work can change dramatically throughout time due to concepts such as social norms. “Both ‘deviant behavior’ and the laws dealing with it are, of course, a product of ‘dramatized social movements’ resting on ‘cultural imagination’ (Ball, 2012, p. 26)....
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...Introduction A long history of the sex industry objectifying the female body for male pleasure continues to be widely prominent and relevant across the globe today. Annually, hundreds of thousands of America’s children and youth are being sexually exploited. This trafficking industry dates back to the late 1800s when children were first prostituted in the United States. Since then, the problem has been exacerbated by globalization and the emergence of the internet as a major source of communication. The increasing prominence of the media and internet allows for news to be easily shared. But because sex trafficking is a continuous issue, people have become desensitized to the harsh reality of the sex industry. Also, false news stories decrease...
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...RubanKanti Das ------------------------------------------------- Team members: ------------------------------------------------- Le Toan Dang s3344033 ------------------------------------------------- Nguyen Thuy Van s3325150 ------------------------------------------------- Nguyen TheThanh s3344060 ------------------------------------------------- Nguyen Truong Khanh Ngoc S3344067 ------------------------------------------------- * Case Study Summary: The case study “The Implication of Globalization for Consumer Attitudes” is all about the anti-globalization trend, the important of localization site and the main factors e-businesses have to consider when they expand their company internationally. There are two main reasons which be stated in the case study regarding localization site. First of all is the advantage of using local language, in some European countries, they are not appreciating the trend “globalization” as “Americanization” because it makes people feel negatively about capitalism and the English language; so using local language would help company present a “home side” image with customers. Secondly, site localization will help e-businesses have a clearer view about customer specific demands at different places. To be successful using...
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...crimes that occur in one country but their adverse effects are felt in other countries. Human trafficking, trafficking of goods, sex slavery and torture are examples of the transitional crimes. This paper seeks to review drug trafficking as the dominant example of transitional crime in the contemporary nation-states. Drug trafficking involves production, processing, and distribution of illegal drugs and the laundering of the money obtained from the practice. Globalization of criminal activities like drug trafficking is incessantly becoming a threat to national and international security. It is a global challenge to each and every country because it generally affects health and...
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...Child Sex Trafficking. I. Introduction It would be ideal to imagine a world where children stay within the boundaries of innocence. However, numerous countries around the world make that dream impossible as child sex trafficking grows in abundance as the most common form of modern day slavery. On a daily basis, children are acquired by means of force, threat, and fraud in order to be exploited in forms of sexuality, slavery, and forced labor (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime). Up to 50% of individuals who are forced into sex trafficking are minors, which a large portion consisting of women and girls. Despite an infeasibility of estimating a number of victims, the United Nations approximates about 2.5 million children from 127 different countries are subjected to this type of modern day slavery, while other sources claim as many as 27 million victims.1 Some governments overlook the existence of the crime statistically because of illegality, so an accurate number cannot be calculated and varies from region to region (U.S. Department of State, 2004, Trafficking in Persons Report, Washington, D.C.) II. Background The federal Trafficking Victims Protection Act defines the crime of sex trafficking as “the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act where such an act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced has not attained 18 years of age.” 2 Sexual trafficking has been...
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...Magdalena Kucab Mrs. Robbin English Composition 101 9 December 2014 On the Rise Human trafficking is more profitable than other organized crimes, therefore it is on its way to becoming one of the worst crimes worldwide. According to Collins, human trafficking is the inhumane, commercial sexual exploitation of children and women through the internet, strip clubs, escort services, and street prostitution. Organized crime has been on the rise in the last decade. “Many criminals have switched to this area of transitional crime because of the high profits and low risk.” (Shelley 116). “Transitional organized crime has been escalating in recent decades as globalization impacts more regions resulting in a decline of nation states and border controls”...
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...Globalization can be defined as the global integration of different worldviews, economic outlook, cultural values, and in many cases vast exploitation of workers. Women of color and women of the Third World are highly subject to globalization and the exploitation it causes. Women in Asia are greatly affected by Globalization, both politically and economically. We see in many cases in Asia how this occurs such as, corporations’ exploitation of women, challenges for the women’s movement, and the issue of sex workers and foreign brides. With the issue of exploitation of workers in corporations it becomes clear that Globalization is a huge factor in the livelihood of women in these countries. The idea of work for women has changed, we are now seeing a shift of the type of work women are doing. Before “women’s work” entailed mainly work around the house or reproductive labor. Women are becoming a main part of the productive work force and are now a part of the formalized economy. We have seen a major shift in Malaysia where there has been a huge increase of women’s participation in the formal economy. Women have taken on manufacturing jobs, government jobs, and service jobs. Globalization and Global capitalism has encouraged industrialization in Malaysia and women have been forced out of their homes to move into the more urban areas where the Free Trade Zones are (Ariffin27). According to Ariffin, women made up about thirty-eight percent of the labor market in the 1990’s. Although...
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...Human Trafficking in the 21st Century by: Ma. Bernadette B. Bautista As the world moves further into the 21st century, the society becomes more and more dependent on science and technology. Men had discovered technological innovations which brought about admirable effects like new approaches to industry, medicine, communication and information that facilitates the growth of virtual partnerships. With the emergence of new technologies, countries, regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade. But as technology advances in time, it has brought about both positive and negative impact not only on individuals but on the society as well. Men had used new forms and new technologies to facilitate their illegal activities and one of which is the raging human trafficking. Human trafficking or trafficking in persons is defined in the 2000 United Nations Convention Against Transnational Crime as the recruitment, transportation, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. It has developed throughout the years. It includes labor exploitation and forced labor, sexual slavery, sex tourism...
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...Human trafficking an ethical dilemma Ethics talks about principles which make a person to choose a way as a right or a wrong decision. These principals associate with evaluating and making decision among challenging options and they are not indicating single “moral” course of action (Making Ethical Decision). People may face an ethical dilemma in their daily life or in businesses. Sometimes they may be in conflict to help a friend who is in trouble while it may cost them to lose something valuable. In the business world ethically they need to satisfy a customer while they want to increase the income of their company. Another ethical dilemma is when their families are threatened and they are asked to do a business, which is not ethically accepted. Making a decision in such a situation is not easy and that is an ethical dilemma, which does not conclude a satisfactory income. This paper will explore an ethical dilemma of some drivers in Patras Port, “Gateway to Western Europe” who collaborate with human traffickers to transfer human being to the ship which go to Italy. This observation comes from a friend of mine who passed Patras as an illegal refugee to get to Western Europe. Patras’ port is very restricted and guards always check the car and cargos, which enter into the ships which leaving Patras to Italy. It is really challenging to pass the harbor to get to the ship. Therefor human traffickers ask cooperation from drivers who transfer cargo to ship. They bribe them and if...
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...includes corruption, poverty, war crimes, racism and human trafficking. Human trafficking has gone far from being unnoticed in its many forms such as prostitution of women and even children. As early as 18th century BC, prostitution has been recognized as a profession. It was a sign of hospitality for the ancient Sumerians, for others it was obligatory for their beliefs and religion. However, man has gone far from the ways of the old. Now, the world is at that point in history where everyone should have learned from ancestors’ accomplishments and failures alike. Prostitution, commonly referred to as “the world’s oldest profession”, must have been solved as a social issue long ago, but similar to other issues it hasn’t been fully eliminated because it is a social problem. Social problems are deeply rooted in the nature of humans and society. As long as there are people willing to understand and work with these women towards social equity, there is a solution. There are efforts to remove prostitution and most of all the exploitation, harassment and abuse of those involved such as legal measures and private organizations aiding abused and procured prostitutes. The most important of these efforts are the ones done for the safety, social welfare and rehabilitation of the women unwillingly involved. II. Body Trafficking is a crime against humanity. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes (UNODC) defines trafficking in persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer...
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...Human Dignity without a Price Tag Campaign The Need There is no uniform definition of human trafficking and no consent regarding aspects that this problem entails. The United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children defines human trafficking as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. The U.S. Department of State estimates that about 600,000 to 800,000 people, mostly women and children, are trafficked across national borders annually. If trafficking within a country’s borders is included, this figure drastically increases to approximately 2 to 4 million people, according to official U.S. estimates. Furthermore, it is estimated that 17,500 to 20,000 victims are trafficked into the U.S. annually, with Florida receiving a high percentage of those victims. Trafficked victims generally tend to flow from less developed countries to more industrialized nations to neighboring countries with higher standards of living. The impact of modern-day slavery goes beyond the individual victims; it undermines the health, safety and security of all nations it touches. It is currently...
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