...Impact of globalization on non-western cultures China Globalization has reached to practically every corner of the globe. It brings to the world an exchange of information, goods, services, economy, and awareness of other cultures. Two cultures that have benefited from globalization economically are China and India. China is an excellent example of how globalization has transformed a once stagnant economy into an economic super power. Change occurred as a result of international influence from the United States. The United States had hopes in the Chinese economy and realized the capabilities China possessed in the export of goods to the United States and other countries. The United States helped China become aware of how shut off it had become from a growing global economy and helped to make them aware of the positive impact an open economic system could have on its nation. In 1986, China began to work towards joining the World Trade Organization. In 2001, China finally joined (China and the, 2014). The United States had a major role in China’s decision to open their economy, and they supported the effort fully. The influence on China from globalized nations was both direct and indirect. It was direct because countries such as the United States, worked closely with China during their admission to the World Trade Organization even requiring changes to the Chinese economy before they would be allowed to proceed. The influence was also indirect as the Chinese government...
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...Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics Emerald Article: Globalization does lead to change in consumer behavior: An empirical evidence of impact of globalization on changing materialistic values in Indian consumers and its aftereffects Nitin Gupta Article information: To cite this document: Nitin Gupta, (2011),"Globalization does lead to change in consumer behavior: An empirical evidence of impact of globalization on changing materialistic values in Indian consumers and its aftereffects", Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 23 Iss: 3 pp. 251 - 269 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13555851111143204 Downloaded on: 24-03-2012 References: This document contains references to 49 other documents To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 1778 times. Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AT AHMEDABA For Authors: If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Additional help for authors is available for Emerald subscribers. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com With over forty years' experience, Emerald Group Publishing is a leading independent publisher...
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...consequences of globalization from socio cultural point of view. He argues that multinational corporations are getting increasingly bigger and influential. These MNCs have overpowered national interests and their clout is so big that they can influence national policies and culture of a country. Globalization has led to synchronization of lifestyles across cultures around the world. Belk rightly argues that globalization will commercialize everything from tourism to food to emotions of people. With the advancement of communication, media, internet, networking, lifestyles of people across cultures will get adapted to universal products and offerings by large multinational companies. It will create a global culture of consumerism where people in Bangladesh will smoke same brand as a US national irrespective his income and social environment. Marketing strategy has been so surreal that people consider such MNCs as the best, honest & perfect. Their everyday lifestyle is so much influenced by these notions that they lose their ability to differentiate between real and imaginary, a phenomenon called Hyperrealism. As per author, Asian and African people’s memories still have mark of colonialism which makes them believe in superiority of US and European products. Author has been successful in putting forward the world order post-globalization but his field of view has been limited. Globalization and MNCs have been largely targeting middle class and upper middle class. But there...
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...After the Meiji Restoration in 1860, Japan experienced numerous changes within the structure of their government and society. One of the changes after the revolution was the transition into a more modern state. With the end of shogunute rule, the new government wanted to appear on a world stage alongside the other international powers. In order to develop on a global level, Japan began to introduce their industry throughout South – East Asia, Australian colonies, the Pacific West, China, and North American territories. In addition to exporting with these regions, Japan began offering government funded migration to peasants who were willing to work on plantations in the Dutch East Indies, Hawaii, and Australia. The second governmental task...
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...Globalization and Anti-Globalization: An Indian Perspective If one is going to talk about globalization, the term globalization must be defined. That’s the easy part. Globalization is defined as free cross-border flow of goods, services, capital, labour, information, ideas, intellectual property. Everything in fact. Defined thus, globalization is more than mere trade reform. Globalization has a descriptive component, as well as a prescriptive one, with the latter more important than the former. The former is simply a factual statement. Over a period of time, globalization has increased in importance and countries have become less insular. It is possible to argue that one encountered such globalization also in the 19th century. There are however two differences between earlier phases of globalization and the present one. First, the speed of change is faster. Second, because most flows (including capital) are private ones, governments have become less powerful in controlling or determining the shape of globalization. However, there is a prescriptive element to globalization as well. The cross-country empirical evidence is fairly robust that more open economies tend to perform better than more insulated ones. Borders are after all artificial boundaries, created by governments. They are irrelevant for purposes of efficient resource allocation. The logic of Adam Smith’s specialization and division of labour does not become any less compelling because artificial...
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...between the quality of schooling that most middle- class kids get in America and quality of schooling available for most poor and minority children. The second gap being the global achievement gap, the gap between our teaching and public schools in the United States versus all students from countries all over the world as a part of our global knowledge economy. McKinsey (2009) gives more details and statistics based on the number of differences in the achievement of white black and Latino students. McKinsey discusses the four different distinct achievement gaps between the United States and other nations; between black and Latino; students and white students; between students of different income levels; and between similar students schooled in different systems or regions (McKinsey 2009). McKinsey (2009) also discusses the gap between black, Latino and white students also known as the racial achievement gap. On average, black and Latino students are roughly two to three years of learning behind white students of the same age. A study showed alarming results that when comparing reading and math scores at the 8th grade level, 48 percent blacks, 43 percent Latino and 17 percent white were “below basic”(McKinsey 2009. Similarly, Wagner (n.d.) and McKinsey both emphasize the global achievement gap and the income achievement gap. Horrifying statistics show that impoverished students are two years behind the average middle class student at the same grade level, which seen...
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...strive to be “untouchable” in todays society. This is ironic because untouchables in India’s caste system are people with very little respect, but how Friedman puts it they are people with jobs that can not be outsourced or become digitized. Due to globalization Americans as “individuals will have to work a little harder and run a little faster to keep our standard of living rising.” We have to stop the globalization of industries and begin globalizing individuals because we ave to think globally to survive. Self awareness has been created by the ability to move work around to other countries people now realize they have to be able to have the skills and be able to compete in order to survive in today’s work world. Americans can not be mediocre at their job and get by anymore. A start would be striving to be the best and staying passionate about whatever that person does for a living. Friedman believes that the world is becoming flat due to jobs being outsourced all over the world. Jobs will go to the cheapest most productive worker wherever they may be. The companies that will survive in this new flat world are changing their model of work in order to compete world wide. Students need to reorient what they learn in school to change it to make it useful to them. They need new level of skills, mental flexibility, motivation, and psychological mobility. A majority of service jobs are now being done by computers or machines and other jobs simply are not needed anymore in this technological...
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...Consumerism and the Impact of Social Class “People in a consumer society consume to improve their quality of life; there are costs associated with this practice (financial, time, ecological, societal and human) for the individual and the collective” (McGregor). Associated in this piece is the concentration in the belief of consumerism’s affect on the societal structure in terms of the social class standards, between lower, middle, and upper class sections. The dependent variable is consumerism; the rise in spending and its involvement and impact in the economy and social standards of today’s society. Independent variable is the focus of socioeconomic status and social class; concerning the idea that wealth allows greater amounts of consuming, however the lower class strives for similar status in the material and nonmaterial goods. Factors that provide consumerism in society and the economy are the buying of consumer goods, which has expanded in recent decades to national and global lengths. Consumerism is said to be the reason that the U.S. had turned citizens into shoppers, making Americans less free to the economy and the market. Globalization; the process of goods and services over national boundaries, is a rising factor, due to the buying, selling and networking of products globally. Countries like the U.S. China have benefitted by the globalization, but also have impacted their society and culture, from the influence of cultural differences, negatively and positively...
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...Question- Critically analyse the relevance and utility of globalization for the international hospitality industry. In the recent years hospitality industry over the years has expanded their business all around the world. Big hotel chains such as Marriott’s and Accor group are opening their hotels in developing countries such as India, Singapore etc. The process of globalization has played a major role in expanding their profits and laying their business across their own boundaries. Majority countries, around the world have been trying to promote globalization through eliminating barriers and reducing taxes. However, there are various methods through which companies are trying to expand such as licensing, Exporting, joint venture and etc. Globalization has both the positive and negative effects, but over here we will be focusing more on the utility and positive side of the globalization. Globalization in hotel industry helps in giving exposure to various cultures. In the 21st century, with the increase in level of incomes for people in the developing countries, it has been seen that people are visiting the developed countries and they are trying to adopt western culture. The level of tourism has increased and people especially from the Asian counties are visiting developed countries such as US and Australia. They are now becoming more familiar with their culture and their food and are also adapting the same thing in their own country (Lee 2009). People from countries such...
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...CAN THE MIDDLE CLASS BE SAVED? ANDREW NELSON MGMT 6400 PROFESSOR R. BING JUNE 14, 2014 CRITICAL ANALYSIS-ACADEMIC LITERATURE The severe economic downturn known as the Great Recession of 2008, has spurred the hastening of the challenges of the middle class in America. It has also highlighted the deepening chasm between the mass populace and the income elite. The resultant course has carved out significant consequences and changes that have widened the gap. The critical question is: what can we do to bridge that gap? According to research by a Citigroup a team of analysts in 2005, it was reported that the average U.S. consumer had essentially retreated relative to the patterns of growth for the U.S. economy. The 2005 report clearly outlined that America was composed of two disparate groups. Simply put, the two groups are the wealthy and everybody else. From an investment standpoint it was further noted that the rich were really the only group that mattered, and that everybody else had very little impact in terms of involvement with investment capital. From an analytical standpoint, the spending habits and savings rates of the second group had little to no impact because all of the influential factors for the American economy were coming from the top. In other words, the wealthiest 1% of households earn as much each year as the bottom 60% put together. Furthermore in terms of wealth, the top 1% possessed as much wealth as the bottom 90%...
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...Ever since he was inaugurated, Donald Trump and his administration have made acute changes within the United States, not only impacting the US, but other countries as well. Trump’s actions have set a troubling tone bringing distress to many Americans. Many Europeans suffer from an all too similar situation, especially Polish citizens. Many of the current issues in the United States seem to mirror, many of Poland’s past and present economic, and political issues. Trump and Poland’s Jaroslaw Kaczynski, share many of the same motives, and ideas, that allow certain parts and people in their country to thrive economically, but leave others completely in the dust. The issue is clear, Trump and his administration’s actions, reflect the negative...
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...GLOBALIZATION Globalization is a series of social, economical, technological, cultural, and political changes that promote interdependence and growth. Globalization raises the standard of living in developing countries, spreads technological knowledge, and increases political liberation. (Harris 5-23) The main cause of globalization is influence from other, more developed, countries. Globalization is a historical process that results from human innovation and technological progress. The social effects of globalization are clearly illustrated in Peru. Once a third-world country filled with poverty and oppression, Peru is now transitioning into a developed nation. In Peru, globalization has raised the human development index, empowered women, and created a stronger country. (Leon 90-91) One of the benefits of globalization on a social level is an increased Human Development Index. The Human Development Index is a measurement of a country's social, political, and economical growth in comparison to other countries in the world. The Human Development Index rates each country with a score between 0 and 1, with 1 being the most advanced, globalized country. Factors that are involved in determining a country's HDI are gross domestic production per capita, life expectancy at birth, adult literary, and the number of persons enrolled in educational institutions. In 1975, Peru's Human Development Index was a 0.643. By 2003, the Human Development Index had risen more than one tenth to 0...
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...Society Today: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences ISSN 2319-3328 VOL -2 DECEMBER 2012 Globalization and its impact on Rural market, Consumers and Farmers in India Notan Bhusan Kar* Abstract Globalization, liberalization and privatization have brought many changes in the Indian economy. Since 1991, the New Economic Policy has been implemented in India and that policy is clearly associated with Globalization. As a result, many multinational companies (MNCs) along with indigenous products have entered into Indian Market. The rural market is the biggest market in India because two third of the Indian consumers live in rural areas. Most consumers of these regions, which is around 70 percent, are engaged in agriculture and its allied works for their livelihood. Over 70 percent of sales are made to the middle class households today of which over 50 percent of the middle class belong to rural India. Thus the rural market has been growing to the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) and is now bigger than the urban market. According to a study by Chennai-based Francis Kanoi Marketing Planning Services Pvt. Ltd. today the rural market in India is worth Rs.1,23,000 crores, among which Rs.45,000 crores are agri-inputs market. To capture this lucrative market, many producers including multinationals have been developing their marketing strategies. It is a fact that due to ignorance and low awareness, most of the rural consumers are helpless against the unethical marketing practices...
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...The Effects of Media Globalization By Mary Hickman Media globalization cannot be stopped. It is a result of new communications technology. It is also the prerequisite and facilitator for all other forms of globalization. Multi-national media is critical to global industries. Many Americans feel that we ought to enjoy the benefits of media globalization, such as global communication, rather than fearing and attempting to avoid the consequences—which ironically include hindrance of free speech. Communicating internationally has never been easier. Thanks to new media platforms, we can have a video conversation with a loved one who is 10,000 miles away or keep up-to-date on the stock market with our cell phones. The internet can also improve our health or save our lives. Your doctor may send an X-ray or MRI to another doctor in India or China for a second opinion and have it within hours. “…An Israeli company is making big advances in compression technology to allow for easier, better transfers of CAT scans via the Internet so you can quickly get a second opinion from a doctor half a world away” (Friedman, 2005). Thomas L. Friedman, quoting Craig J. Mundie, a chief technical officer for Microsoft: “‘The Windows-powered PC enabled millions of individuals, for the first time ever, to become authors of their own content in digital form, which meant that content could be shared far and wide’”. Friedman’s book underlines his belief that media has the power...
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...complex issue such as globalization, it is important to set forth having a solid foundation. Having a clear and concise understanding of the denotative meaning of globalization is important in order to eliminate any confusion. The Miriam Webster definition of globalization is, “the act or process of globalizing : the state of being globalized; especially : the development of an increasingly global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets.” (MerriamWebster) This definition highlights both the causes and perceived effects of globalization. Globalization occurs when countries open up cross border trading which allows the free flow of capital. This definition also highlights one of the many controversial issues many may have with globalization: the reallocation of human capital to emerging economies. This negative connotation of the definition perpetuates the fear anti-globalizers associate with the progression of globalization. Though the progression of globalization does not come without objectors and protestors, it is hard to refute that since countries have progressed towards a more globalized society the overall quality of life for a country’s inhabitants has improved. Mandelbaum states, “More countries joined the global economy, and the volume of cross-border capital flows expanded rapidly, increasing by an average of 11 percent per year between the beginning of the 1990s and the middle of the next decade”...
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