...family history, when testing is necessary there are normally 3 different tests that will be used to determine if it truly is type 1 diabetes. One of the first tests administered is the Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) with this test a blood sample is drawn after the patient has fasted for at least 8 hours, meaning no food or drinks except water. If the test results show a glucose reading of 126 mg/dl or higher the patient has diabetes a normal reading is between 70-110 mg/dl. Random Blood Glucose (RBG) is another form and fasting is not required it is used especially in an emergency situation when they need to determine sugar levels for the patient (most often children) as quickly as possible so if needed they can administer insulin so the patient does not go into a diabetic coma. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test(OGTT) is another diagnostic test it differs from the other two because you have to drink a sugary beverage to measure how your pancreas can manage the glucose you take in, before drinking the beverage, a fasting blood glucose level is taken, then you drink the beverage. Over the next two hours blood glucose levels are taken every 30 minutes. A person without diabetes, the glucose levels will rise and then fall quickly because the body naturally produces insulin to lower the blood glucose. A person with type 1 diabetes will see a sharp rise and a constant high...
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...Artificial Pancreas ; The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that pass to the small intestine. These enzymes help in the further breakdown of the carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb. 1. The mouth. 2. The pharynx, which in humans, leads to both the trachea and the esophagus. While food is being swallowed, the epiglottis blocks the trachea. 3. The esophagus, which is the tube from the pharynx to the stomach. 4. The stomach is a J-shaped, expandable sack, normally on the left side of the upper abdomen. 5. The small intestine, which has a length of about 6 m. 6. The large intestine or colon. 7. The rectum . As well as digestive system, there is endocrine system, and the pancreas is a part of this system; with purpose and a role in hormone production. Endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones. These hormones regulate the body's growth, metabolism and sexual development and function. * Endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones. These hormones regulate the body's growth, metabolism and sexual development and function. * Pancreas: is a glandular organ that secretes digestive enzymes...
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...The average blood glucose level for a non-diabetic is100 mg/dL however this fluctuates throughout the day due to the foods that are consumed. Levels are always higher after a meal but should be lower than 140 mg/dL. For a diabetic, 126 mg/dL or above and confirmed twice means that the individual has diabetes. There are many tests that are used to diagnose diabetes. The A1C test measures the average blood glucose over a period of two to three months and is a good indicator of how well it is being managed. This test should be done four times a year for insulin- treated patients. It can be done twice a year for stable patients. It measures the percentage of glucose that is attached to blood and the more that is attached, the higher...
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...Trident University Data analysis is a procedure of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modelling data with the goal of highlighting useful information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision making. There are multiple facts and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, in different business, science, and social science domains in data analysis. For data analysis we have to mine the data first for our purpose such that the data we can handle easily. Basically for data analysis our first thing to do our planning, how we are going to collect the data, our going data going to make sense or not, actually data will be meaningful for our object, after planning all this we have to target which population we are going to take, how we are going to frame them first and from that population we have to take samples for our purpose. Target population: The complete collection of objects whose description is the major goal of the study. Designating the target population is a crucial but often difficult part of the first step in an observational or experimental study. For example, in a survey to decide if a new storm-water drainage tax should be implemented, should the target population be all persons over the age of 18 in the county, all registered voters, or all persons paying property taxes? The selection of the target population may have a profound effect on the results of the study. We are going...
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...Mobile computing is an aspect of technology that has broken many barriers, and has influenced and assisted the healthcare industry tremendously. Most hospitals utilize mobile computing to facilitate the level of care they provide various patients. Social networking is a brilliant form of technology in which most people correspond using photos, comments and other mechanisms in order to communicate with one another. The healthcare industry is very demanding in terms of creating new ways of treating their patients, hence the fact that technology plays a pivotal role in the success in patient care and their level of success. The enhancement of mobile computing systematically allows patients with hypertension or diabetes to check their blood and glucose levels in the comfort of their own homes. This has been an immense breakthrough in the healthcare industry along with social networking, allowing patients to share their thoughts and opinions about their experiences with others. Most facilities implement the use of smart devices such as iPads and iPhones to simplify ways in which patients are able to effectively utilize them due to their diagnosis. Social networking is an efficient method of communication; however, it can be a liability because sensitive information about patients’ ailments or diagnosis could be discussed because of the method in which the information is transmitted. This paper will explain the following: 1. Compare and contrast methods to monitoring vital...
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...Healthcare Technology Mobile Computing and Social Networking Student Name Institutional Affiliation. Healthcare Technology Mobile Computing and Social Networking Mobile computing has intensely transformed the ways by which access and sharing of information is conducted. Wireless networking has played a major role in facilitating mobile computing. Healthcare management is just one of the professions that has been impacted greatly on by mobile computing. Patients can now monitor important signs in their bodies pertaining to some illnesses. For example: blood pressure, glucose levels, etc. without having to periodically visit a doctor's office or hospital. There are devices such as the Withings Blood Pressure Monitor that works with an iPhone, iPod Touch, or iPad to record, track, and graph a patient's blood pressure. Other devices that can measure aspects such as levels of oxygen, heart rate, blood glucose levels among others and are compatible with the iPhone in terms of usage by sending the outcome to the server. Medical practitioners are then able to get access to the data on the server. The American College of Gastroenterology, indicates that social networking platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube are used as vital resources that can deliver and receive health data. Patients and caregivers are resorting to online connectivity and sharing of their experience with other people who have similar medical issues. Therefore, patients should take advantage of the social...
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...Substances found in plant foods that are not essential nutrients but may have health-promoting properties are phytochemicals 2 Which is NOT an example of moderation in your diet and lifestyle? Going back for seconds on all dinner items, rather than just the item you like best 3 All of the following are macronutrients except vitamins 4 All of the following are macronutrients lipids carbohydrates protein 5 Which of the following statements about proteins is false? Proteins are made of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. 6 following statements about proteins are true Proteins differ based on the combinations of amino acids used in each type of protein. Proteins are composed of amino acids. Dietary protein from animal sources better matches the amino acid needs of humans compared to dietary protein derived from plants sources. 7 If you know you are going to order dessert at dinner tonight, which of these choices would illustrate the concept of balancing your choices? Choosing a salad with fat-free salad dressing for lunch 8 With the exception of _______, all the classes of nutrients are involved in forming and maintaining the body’s structure. vitamins 9 Gram per gram, ______ provide the most kcalories. lipids 10 A deficient intake of _______ is known to produce osteoporosis. calcium 11 Some nutrient deficiencies occur quickly, whereas others take more time to develop. Which of the following nutrient deficiencies are listed in the order...
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...component. The first crop of stevia was harvested in 1908, but it wasn’t until 1931that stevia became more commercially available when two French chemist isolate stevioside, the pure white crystalline extract that gives stevia its super sweet taste. Later on, the Japanese government highly regulated chemical additives to their food supply and once stevia established its safety, Japan became one of the first countries to use stevia on a large scale commercially. In United Stated, FDA banned all imports of stevia at first because of the newly-presented Naturasweet and Equal sweeteners on the market but Stevia gained its popularity once more doctors recognized its health benefits; two and a half years later FDA approved stevia as a dietary supplement. They needed extensive research in order to establish that Stevia is safe to use as an additive for food and beverages. The active compounds of stevia are stevioside and rebaudioside, which have up to 200 times the sweetness of regular sugar. Also they are heat-stable, pH-stable and non-fermentable. In addition to that, it has negligible effects on blood glucose and it makes it very popular amongst people who are on carb-controlled diets. Stevia’s taste has a longer duration that the one of sugar but some of stevia’s extracts may have a licorice-like taste when used in high...
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...Insects Toxic chemicals Micor-organisms Fecal matter from rodents HACCP is made up of ____ principles. 5 7 9 11 The ground water has been contaminated by an industrial pollutant. Which of the following animals will have the greatest concentration of the pollutants? Water plants Large fish Microscopic animals Small fish Which of the following is a benefit of organic food production techniques: Maximizes farm workers’ exposure to pesticides Decreases quantity of pesticides introduced into food supply Insect tolerance application process Organic foods carry a similar risk of microbial food borne illness Environmental safety health hazard plan All of the following are preservation techniques that kill most microbes except: Canning Pasteurization Irradiation All of the following kill microbes Another term of this technique to keep food safe is called cold pasteurization Canning Freezing Irradiation Modified atmosphere packaging Genetically modified rice, called golden rice, is an example of how genetic engineering is used to Make a food more insect resistant Increase the shelf life of food Increase the nutrient quality of a food Create a product that looks better Aflatoxin may be produced by mold on corn, and carries no risk upon human consumption. ...
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...Oluwadamilola O. Adeyemi Dr. Msthali CIS 500 November 16, 2012 In comparing and contrasting using mobile technology to the ageless standard of in patient visits and all the procedures handled within the office or hospital setting, vital signs have been measured frequently to access the condition of a patient. Since the days of Florence Nightingale who is the mother of nursing, the standard in health care has been that taking the patients vital signs has always been a hands on in person experience. This at many times has caused days of agony and drudgery as you would deal with the discomfort of having to sit for hours upon hours in an office field with coughing, sneezing, hacking, wheezing and nauseous individuals. Each visit leaves you feeling that at any time, you may leave this office visit in a worst condition than when you came in. The assessment and monitoring of patient vital signs has typically been looked upon as one of the most routine aspects of nursing care. Monitoring patient vital signs became so mundane that usually the responsibility of taking the vital signs, even though ordered by a physician would end up being handled by a lowly Patient Care Technician. While in the hospital, vital signs are monitored on a scheduled basis. This is only interrupted if there is a change in the patient’s condition, the worse the change, the greater the increase in scheduled vital sign monitoring. However, this can also be affected by nursing judgments which...
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...NEWER ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS A. Sundaram* , C. R. Anand Moses*, S. Ilango*, V. Seshiah** INTRODUCTION The basic defects in Type 2 diabetes consist of (1) Insulin deficiency (2) Insulin resistance and (3) increased hepatic glucose production (HGP) leading to glucotoxicity, beta cell exhaustion and finally beta cell failure. The treatment strategies to overcome these defects are: 1) Modified meal Plan 2) Exercise 3) Blood glucose lowering drugs and 4) Insulin The current oral blood glucose lowering agents and dietary measures only partially correct the multiple metabolic defects in NIDDM with insulin resistance remaining relatively impervious to treatment Hypoglycaemia and secondary failure are common with presently available sulphonylureas and hence the need for newer blood glucose lowering drugs. In case of NIDDM, a successful new drug should correct atleast one of the major underlying metabolic disturbances. i.e. reduce insulin resistance, enhance insulin production and secretion in response to glucose, suppress exessive hepatic glucose production or improve glucose uptake and utilisation in peripheral tissues particularly, skeletal muscle. Within the last few years three new groups of drugs have been identified and they are: a) Alpha glucosidase inhibitors, eg. Acarbose b) Insulin Sensitizer, eg. Troglitazone. c) Insulin secretoguogues, eg. Glimepiride and Repaglinide The following review will discuss each of these groups of drugs in detail. ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS In human...
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...NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE The Case of the Missing Bees: High Fructose Corn Syrup and Colony Collapse Disorder by Jeffri C. Bohlscheid, School of Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID Frank J. Dinan, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Canisius College, Buffalo, NY Part I – Changes in the Lives of Bees Almond butter is a delicious, upscale alternative to peanut butter and we love it. But its price has increased nearly three-fold over the last two years while that of peanut butter has changed very little. The reason for this is surprising: almonds are much more dependent on honeybees for pollination than are peanuts. The California almond crop, by far the world’s largest, used an unbelievable 40 billion honeybees to pollinate it in 2005 and about a third of that number of bees is no longer available (Benjamin and McCallum, 2009). Since 2007, nearly a third of the honeybees in North America, Europe, and South America have died for unknown reasons. How important is this to our lives? A U.S. Department of Agriculture/Cornell University study estimates that honeybees pollinate nearly a third of everything that we eat (beeculture.com, 2000). If these bees disappear, fruits, vegetables, and nuts will go with them, meat production will severely decline, and we will be in very bad shape, indeed. Two significant changes have occurred in the world of honeybees in the United States since the mid1970s: (1) there has been a steady increase in the...
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...N435 Virtual Family Health Assessment Project Winona State University Family Structure and History: "Tom" is a 44 year old male with a 42 year old wife and a 13 year old son. Tom, his wife and son are Caucasian, with Tom's parents being first-generation German immigrants. His father died from a CVA at 72, and Tom's only sibling died in a motor vehicle accident. His mother-in-law died at age 64 from ovarian cancer. Tom's mother and father-in-law are retired and in overall good health. His brother-in-law works as a carpenter and has no pressing health concerns. Tom's mother lives in a ground floor apartment of their home, which is built on a farm owned by his father-in-law. There are thus 5 people in Tom's immediate family. Tom works as a welder in a local manufactory, and his wife is employed by the county as a court stenographer. Tom's 13 year old son attends public school in the 7th grade. Father (CVA) Mother Father-in-law Mother-in-law (Ov. CA) Brother (MVA) MAIN "Tom" Wife Brother-in-law AFIB, DM II Son "Tom" (Primary Patient) Health Issues Atrial...
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...years experience in a hospital setting. Assisted with technical nursing treatments, supported diagnostic procedures and charted resident records. Interested in a full-time role as a nursing assistant in a top-notch healthcare facility. skills l CPR/First Aid certified l Feeding assistance expert l Dementia and Alzheimer's knowledge l Patient-focused care l Trustworthy companion l Efficient and reliable team player l Adaptable work history Patients Care Tech Orlando Health Central Oct 2009 - Current l Maintained accurate records of patient care, condition, progress 10000 Weast Colonial Drive Ocee, FL 34761 and concerns. l Monitored vital signs, such as blood pressure and pulse. l Responded appropriately to the physical, emotional and developmental needs of patients. l Tested and recorded blood glucose levels. l Provided pre- and post-operative care. l Assisted patients with bathing, oral hygiene, grooming, feeding and elimination. l Helped patients move in and out of beds, baths, wheelchairs and automobiles. l Maintained a clean, healthy and safe environment. l Assisted with patient transfer and ambulation. l Transported patients to other areas of the hospital in wheelchairs and gurneys. l Answered patient calls for care and feeding. l Assisted nurses with wound care for pressure ulcers, bed sores, and surgical site wounds. l Documents objective data...
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...Glycemic Index for Sweeteners The glycemic index for sweeteners is a function of three things: 1. The amount of carbohydrate present. 2. The type of carbohydrate present. 3. The presence of other substances (soluble fiber for example) that slow metabolism of carbohydrates. Glucose has a glycemic index (GI) of 100 and fructose is 25. Sucrose (Ordinary sugar) which is made up of a combination of these two has a GI of 65. The search for a low GI natural sugar based sweetener is somewhat futile as they all contain combinations of the above, or similar sugars. Although fructose has a fairly low GI , it has other harmful effects and must be considered unsafe to take in large quantities. Agave Syrup has a low GI because it is mainly fructose. Agave has been delisted and banned by theGlycemic Research Institute of Washington DC because serious side effects were observed in clinical trials. Coconut Palm Sugar contains mainly sucrose and one would expect a GI of about 65. However it scores well in the glycemic index for sweeteners list. Tests have indicated a GI of only about 35. This may be partly because of other substances in it such as soluble fiber. However, the testing was very limited. More testing may well produce a higher GI. Yacon Syrup, scores best in the Glycemic Index for Sweeteners that are sugar based. It derives it's sweetness from Fructo-oligosaccharides, a type of sugar with a very low GI. It is probably the only truly raw, organic, natural, low calorie, and...
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