...Industrial and Corporate Change, Volume 19, Number 1, pp. 81–116 doi:10.1093/icc/dtp032 Advance Access published June 22, 2009 Who profits from innovation in global value chains?: a study of the iPod and notebook PCs Jason Dedrick, Kenneth L. Kraemer and Greg Linden This article analyzes the distribution of financial value from innovation in the global supply chains of iPods and notebook computers. We find that Apple has captured a great deal of value from the innovation embodied in the iPod, while notebook makers capture a more modest share of the value from PC innovation. In order to understand these differences, we employ concepts from theories of innovation and industrial organization, finding significant roles for industry evolution, complementary assets, appropriability, system integration, and bargaining power. Downloaded from icc.oxfordjournals.org at University of Dhaka on June 19, 2011 1. Introduction The power of innovation to reward pioneers with exceptional profits is well known. Yet, as recognized in various strains of the business strategy literature, the value generated from the innovation is generally shared by the innovator with some combination of component suppliers, intellectual property owners, providers of complementary products and services, competitors, and consumers. This is all the more true as firms focus on a set of core activities and rely on a network of allies and suppliers to help them create and produce innovative products. In such...
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...http://cls.casa.colostate.edu/transgeniccrops/what.html What Are Transgenic Plants? A transgenic crop plant contains a gene or genes which have been artificially inserted instead of the plant acquiring them through pollination. The inserted gene sequence (known as the transgene) may come from another unrelated plant, or from a completely different species: transgenic Bt corn, for example, which produces its own insecticide, contains a gene from a bacterium. Plants containing transgenes are often called genetically modified or GM crops, although in reality all crops have been genetically modified from their original wild state by domestication, selection and controlled breeding over long periods of time. On this web site we will use the term transgenic to describe a crop plant which has transgenes inserted. Image:Results of insect infestation on Bt (right) and non-Bt (left) cotton bolls. Source: USDA | Why Make Transgenic Crop Plants? A plant breeder tries to assemble a combination of genes in a crop plant which will make it as useful and productive as possible. Depending on where and for what purpose the plant is grown, desirable genes may provide features such as higher yield or improved quality, pest or disease resistance, or tolerance to heat, cold and drought. Combining the best genes in one plant is a long and difficult process, especially as traditional plant breeding has been limited to artificially crossing plants within the same species or with closely related...
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...Exploring the effect of ethical leadership in the relationship of reward system and Job performance Masters of Business Administration (Human Resource Management) BY Ayesha Amjad MBA3Y02121027 Sadia Mazhar MBA3Y02121010 Supervisor Mr. Muhammad Waqas LAHORE BUSINESS SCHOOL THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah for the strengths and His blessing in completing this research paper. Special appreciation goes to our supervisor, Sir Muhammad Waqas, for his supervision and constant support. Her invaluable help of constructive comments and suggestions throughout the research paper work have contributed to the success of this research. I would like to express my gratitude to the Dean, Lahore School of Business Dr. Naheed Sultana and also to the Head of Department, Lahore School of Business, Dr. Atif Mahmood for their support and help towards our postgraduate affairs. Sincere thanks to all our friends Amaima Yawar, Anum Sarwar, and Numan Irfan. Thanks for the friendship and memories. Last but not least, our deepest gratitude goes to beloved parents of Ayesha Amjad; Muhammad Amjad Fraooq and Mrs. Shazia Amjad and also to my brother Usman Amjad and sister Fiza Amjad for their endless love, prayers and encouragement. We also pay gratitude to deceased parents of Saadia Mazhar, Hafiz Muhammad Mazhar and Arjumand Mazhar and her sisters Ayesha Omer, Farkhanda Nouman...
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...TRIUM GLobal EMBA - Module 1 – Group Essay What are the Main Risks Posed by Globalization to the Automotive Industry? How Can These Risks be Managed and Mitigated? LSE ID numbers : 200933569, (add everyone else’s ID number per essay instructions) Word Count: The auto industry has significantly benefitedsignificant benefits from globalization. The industry has evolved from being a local-market-focused business comprised of hundreds of small manufacturers to a global market-focused business dominated by Japanese, German, South Korean, and American producers generating over 1.7 trillion dollars US in sales. This essay discusses what we believe are the main risks posed by globalization to the automobile industry. We define globalization for the purpose of this essay to beas the integration of markets across political boundaries that allows for the flow of capital, people, goods and services within. We define the automobile industry as the set of companies that produce automobiles and light duty trucks (“The Auto Industry”).. Since WW II, globalization has enabled greater market access and corporate consolidation that has enabled large automobile manufacturers to diversify their offer product and transcend national boundaries. Volkswagen, for example, originally a German company founded by Nazi government in 1937 to offer German citizens a German produced car, now includes makes from seven different countries and has hails China as one of its largest markets...
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...guidelines for clinical interpretation of results. These recommendations are not intended to limit the use of alternative protocols for research studies. We do not discuss the general topic of clinical exercise testing. As with other American Thoracic Society statements on pulmonary function testing, these guidelines come out of a consensus conference. Drafts were prepared by two members (P.L.E. and R.J.Z.) and were based on a comprehensive Medline literature search from 1970 through 2001, augmented by suggestions from other committee members. Each draft responded to comments from the working committee. The guidelines follow previously published methods as closely as possible and provide a rationale for each specific recommendation. The final recommendations represent a consensus of the committee. The committee recommends that these guidelines be reviewed in five years and in the meantime encourages further research in areas of controversy. BACKGROUND There are several modalities available for the objective evaluation of functional exercise capacity. Some provide a very complete assessment of all systems involved in exercise...
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...ECON 125-HK2. Economics for Managers Exam http://homeworkfy.com/downloads/econ-125-hk2-economics-for-managers-exam/ To Get this Tutorial Copy & Paste above URL Into Your Browser Hit Us Email for Any Inquiry at: Homeworkfy@gmail.com Visit our Site for More Tutorials: (http://homeworkfy.com/ ) > TAKE ASSESSMENT: EXAM 1 Question 1 2 points Save Which of the following economic systems abolishes all private property? communism socialism fascism all of the above Question 2 2 points Save The profit motive is one characteristic of a command economy. True False Question 3 2 points Save In a market system, the government enforces laws ensuring that private enterprises and conditions of competition will prevail. True False Question 4 2 points Save The most common type of business in the United States is the corporation. True False Question 5 2 points Save Laissez-faire is a policy of no government intervention in the economic activities of individuals and businesses. True False Question 6 2 points Save In a partnership, each partner’s liability is limited to his or her contribution to the partnership. True False Question 7 2 points Save There are no government-regulated markets in the U.S. economy. True False Question 8 2 points Save Which of the following is not among the United States’ economic goals? ...
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...COMPLIANCE REPORT – 2009-2010 1 i) Name and Address of the Institution : |Name |National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE) | |Address |Permanent Location as approved by AICTE |Temporary Location (if applicable) | | |Vihar Lake Road, Mumbai 400 087 | | |Village |Passpoli | | |Taluk |Kurla | | |District |Mumbai | | |Pin Code |400087 | | |State |Maharashtra | | |STD Code |(022) |Phone No: 28573371 to 77 | |Fax No. |28573251...
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...THINKING DIFFERENTLY ABOUT PURCHASING PORTFOLIOS: AN ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE SOURCING MARK PAGELL York University ZHAOHUI WU Oregon State University MICHAEL E. WASSERMAN Clarkson University Kraljic is widely viewed as a driving force behind the concepts of supply management and purchasing portfolios. Kraljic proposed that supply management professionals needed to engage in a new approach, embracing globalization, technology and risk. This article marked a critical juncture for supply chain management. Almost three decades later, it is evident that the purchasing portfolio concept has been widely adopted as an effective practitioner tool and a well-accepted tenet in the supply chain management literature. However, a recently completed study yielded interesting evidence of a potential shift in supply chain management, specifically, in sustainable sourcing. We recently observed that a number of leaders in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) were not organizing purchasing portfolios in the manner suggested by Kraljic. We found organizations buying what would traditionally be leveraged commodities in a manner more appropriate for strategic suppliers. This unexpected observation suggests that the supply chain field may face another critical juncture, this time related to SSCM. This manuscript describes the observed phenomena and then, using an inductive approach, enhances the existing theory to explain what was observed. The end result is a modified sustainable...
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...THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES AUSTRALIAN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS SCHOOL OF ACCOUNTING ACCT5996: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS ANALYSIS FINAL EXAMINATION Paper 1 Time Allowed: Three (3) hours, plus 10 minutes reading time Total of 100 marks Instructions: The candidate may retain this paper. This exam represents 60% of your total mark for this course. This paper consists of FIVE (5) questions of unequal value. ALL QUESTIONS ARE TO BE ANSWERED Answers are to be written in ink. This is a CLOSED BOOK EXAM. Candidates may bring RULERS, PENS, PENCILS AND OTHER WRITING MATERIALS. CANDIDATES MAY NOT BRING THEIR OWN CALCULATORS (calculators will be supplied by the examinations office). Question 1 (20 Marks) The Maltiti Company manufactures and sells three products in a factory of three departments. Both labour and machine hours are used in producing the products that pass through each department. The nature of the machine processing and of the labour skills required in each department is such that neither machines nor labour can be switched from one department to another. Maltiti’s management is attempting to plan its production schedule for the next six months. The planning is complicated by the fact that labour shortages exist in the community and some machines will be down several months for repairs. The available machine and labour time by department and the machine hours and labour required per product...
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...Dabur India Limited | 01 CORPORATE INFORMATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS Dr. Anand Burman Chairman Mr. Amit Burman Vice Chairman Mr. Pradip Burman Director Mr. Mohit Burman Director Mr. P. D. Narang Director Mr. Sunil Duggal Director Mr. R. C. Bhargava Director Mr. P. N. Vijay Director Dr. S. Narayan Director Mr. Albert Wiseman Paterson Director Mr. Analjit Singh Director Dr. Ajay Dua Director GM (FINANCE) & COMPANY SECRETARY AUDITORS Mr. A. K. Jain M/s G. Basu & Co. Chartered Accountants Price Waterhouse Coopers Pvt. Ltd. INTERNAL AUDITORS BANKERS Punjab National Bank Standard Chartered Bank The Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd. The Royal Bank of Scotland Citibank NA HDFC Bank Ltd. IDBI Bank Ltd. CORPORATE OFFICE Dabur India Limited Dabur Tower, Kaushambi, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad - 201 010, (U.P.), India Tel: 0120 - 39412525, 3982000 Fax: 0120 - 4374935 Website: www.dabur.com Email: investors@dabur.com REGISTERED OFFICE 8/3, Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi - 110002 Tel: 011 - 23253488 02 | Annual Report 2009-10 THE STORY BEHIND THE NUMBERS It is the number of years that define Dabur's journey of excellence. It is a legacy of dedication and commitment towards health & well-being of every household, making Dabur India one of the most trusted names and the world's largest Ayurvedic and Natural Health Care Company It is the number of Rupees Crore in Revenue that Dabur earned in the past one year. Riding on the strength of our...
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...Attorney-General’s Department. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Attorney-General’s Department, Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Canberra ACT 2600. This publication is available in hard copy or PDF format from the Productivity Commission website at www.pc.gov.au. If you require part or all of this publication in a different format, please contact Media and Publications (see below). Publications Inquiries: Media and Publications Productivity Commission Locked Bag 2 Collins Street East Melbourne VIC 8003 Tel: Fax: Email: (03) 9653 2244 (03) 9653 2303 maps@pc.gov.au General Inquiries: Tel: (03) 9653 2100 or (02) 6240 3200 An appropriate citation for this paper is: Productivity Commission 2009, Annual Report 2008-09, Annual Report Series, Productivity Commission, Canberra JEL code: D The Productivity Commission The Productivity Commission, is the Australian Government’s independent research and advisory body on a range of economic, social and environmental issues affecting the welfare of Australians. Its role, expressed most simply, is to help governments make better policies, in the long term interest of the Australian community. The Commission’s independence is underpinned by an Act of Parliament. Its processes and outputs are open to public scrutiny and are driven by consideration for the wellbeing of the...
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...Management Revised Edition Peter F. Drucker with Joseph A. Maciariello Contents Introduction to the Revised Edition of Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices Preface 1 2 3 Part I 4 5 6 7 Part II 8 9 10 11 Part III 12 Introduction: Management and Managers Defined Management as a Social Function and Liberal Art The Dimensions of Management Management’s New Realities Knowledge Is All New Demographics The Future of the Corporation and the Way Ahead Management’s New Paradigm Business Performance The Theory of the Business The Purpose and Objectives of a Business Making the Future Today Strategic Planning: The Entrepreneurial Skill Performance in Service Institutions Managing Service Institutions in the Society of Organizations vii xxiii 1 18 26 35 37 45 51 65 83 85 97 113 122 129 131 iv Contents 13 14 15 16 Part IV 17 18 19 Part V 20 21 What Successful and Performing Nonprofits Are Teaching Business The Accountable School Rethinking “Reinventing Government” Entrepreneurship in the Public-Service Institution Productive Work and Achieving Worker Making Work Productive and the Worker Achieving Managing the Work and Worker in Manual Work Managing the Work and Worker in Knowledge Work Social Impacts and Social Responsibilities Social Impacts and Social Responsibilities The New Pluralism: How to Balance the Special Purpose of the Institution with the Common Good The Manager’s Work and Jobs Why Managers? Design and Content of Managerial Jobs Developing...
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...Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Paul Monk Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley...
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...Enablers of Exuberance Jennifer S. Taub Sept. 4, 2009 DISCUSSION DRAFT Enablers of Exuberance: Legal Acts and Omissions that Facilitated the Global Financial Crisis Jennifer S. Taub1 I. Introduction This paper explores certain legal acts and omissions that facilitated the over-leveraging and near collapse of the global financial system. These ―Legal Enablers‖ fostered the boom that enriched a class of financial intermediaries who followed a storied tradition of gambling away ―other people‘s money.‖2 These mechanisms also made the pain of the bust disproportionately felt by the middle class and poor while shielding the middlemen who created the problems. These legal Enablers permitted the growth of a shadow banking system, without investment limits, transparency or government oversight. In the shadows grew a variety of highly leveraged private investment pools, undercapitalized conduits of securitized loans and speculation in complex credit derivatives. The rationale for allowing this unregulated, parallel system was that it helped to create innovation and provide liquidity. The conventional wisdom was that any risks associated with a hands-off approach could be managed by the ―invisible hand‖3 of the market. In other words, instead of public police, it relied upon private gatekeepers. A legal framework including legislation, rules and court decisions supported this system. This legal structure depended upon corporate managers, counterparties, ―sophisticated investors‖ and the...
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...California EXAM PREP The SMART Guide to Passing Kor Real Estate California Real Estate Exam Prep: The SMART Guide to Passing Cengage Learning Vice President/Editor-in-Chief: Dave Shaut Executive Editor: Scott Person Acquisitions Editor: Sara Glassmeyer Senior Marketing Manager: Mark Linton Manager of Technology, Editorial: John Barans Frontlist Buyer, Manufacturing: Kevin Kluck Art Director: Bethany Casey Content Project Manager: D. Jean Buttrom Production Service: Pre-Press/PMG-India Cover Designer: Pop Design Works, www.popdesignworks.com Cover Images: © Getty Images © 2009 Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—except as may be permitted by the license terms herein. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be emailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Library of Congress Control Number: 2008926512 Student Edition ISBN 13: 978-0-324-64498-2 Student Edition ISBN 10: 0-324-64498-1 Student Edition with CD ISBN 13: 978-0-324-64497-5 Student Edition with CD ISBN 10: 0-324-64497-3...
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