...Open and Closed Source Systems Paper GNU GPL (General Public License) defined as the copy left or free licensed software (GNU.org, 2007). When making an invention the creator must have copyrights to protect them from their inventions. No one wants their inventions taken from them. They can loss acknowledgement or worse the royalties not given to them. Copyrights mean the right to copy; generally, it gives the copyright holder many other rights to their software or products. Creators who work hard to make their software or products a reality, they want that accreditation for their works; and they can determine who can take the work and financially benefit for the use it. It is a form of intellectual property; like patent, trademark, and trade secret (copyright.gov, 2012). By contrast, the GNU GPL is freedom of a guarantee to change and share the versions of the programs or software’s (GNU.org, 2007). Most organizations use GNU GPL for their software and it with their authors also that release the work. The licenses are put in place for developer’s freedom and to change and share their work that they develop; this is GNU General Public License. There are steps that are taken to use GNU GLP. (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this license giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it, and this the developers that uses GNU GLP protect your rights with these steps (GNU. org, 2007). When distributing copies of software...
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...GNU GPL (General Public License) defined as the copy left or free licensed software (GNU.org, 2007). When making an invention the creator must have copyrights to protect them from their inventions. No one wants their inventions taken from them. They can loss acknowledgement or worse the royalties not given to them. Copyrights mean the right to copy; generally, it gives the copyright holder many other rights to their software or products. Creators who work hard to make their software or products a reality, they want that accreditation for their works; and they can determine who can take the work and financially benefit for the use it. It is a form of intellectual property; like patent, trademark, and trade secret (copyright.gov, 2012). By contrast, the GNU GPL is freedom of a guarantee to change and share the versions of the programs or software’s (GNU.org, 2007). Most organizations use GNU GPL for their software and it with their authors also that release the work. The licenses are put in place for developer’s freedom and to change and share their work that they develop; this is GNU General Public License. There are steps that are taken to use GNU GLP. (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this license giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it, and this the developers that uses GNU GLP protect your rights with these steps (GNU. org, 2007). When distributing copies of software for free, the creator must pass on the recipients and receiving...
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...not more than one time every 90 days. You may not retain any copies. The software is also not licensed for commercial hosting Warranty with the Microsoft License Write a paragraph describing the warranty, if any, which comes with Microsoft Office. Microsoft does offer a limited warranty for this software. The warranty states that it is not responsible for any problems that the user causes due to not following instructions. The limited warranty starts when the user gets their copy and lasts for 1 year. If the user gets any updates or replacement software during that year, they are covered for the remainder of the year, or 30 days, whichever is longer. GNU General Public License User Rights Granted by GNU General Public License Write a paragraph defining the rights of the user in the General Public License to use, copy, and install the software. Can you sell or transfer the software to someone else? On how many devices may you install the software? This License allows the user to use and modify the program as long as they acknowledge and respect that the program was given free to them....
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...Linux was developed as a variant of the UNIX architecture in 1991 (Stallings, 2012). As more developments were made to the Linux program, it eventually evolved into a “full-featured UNIX system” that has remained free and available to all (Stallings, 2012). GNU is described as a free software set of packages and tolls for designed for developing a UNIX-like operating system that is often used with the Linux kernel. The Free Software Foundation’s GNU project, or GNU Not Linux, provides the necessary tools to developers and has approved the GNU Public License, or GPL (Stallings, 2012). According to Free Software Foundation, or FSF (2007), the GNU Public License discusses the freedom for designers to share and change all versions of the program. Linux is free software, as in free for anyone to use, modify, or copy without restraint. The GNU Public License, or GPL, provides a list of basic permissions, rights, and conveying verbatim copies (FSF, 2007). The main idea of publishing the GPL licensing terms is that no one who uses Linux and/or creates any Linux-derived copy can make the copy proprietary (Stallings, 2012). Under the GPL, basic permissions are granted to all who use, copy, or modify a GNU program. The basic permissions essentially grant unlimited permission to run an unmodified version of a program (FSF, 2007). According to the FSF (2007), permissions are also granted to convey a derivative of an unmodified program; however, the conditions listed below must be met:...
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...GNU was created in 1984 by computer programmer Richard A. Stallman who was affiliated with Massachusetts Institute of Technology also known as MIT. Richard Stallman was also known as “The Last Hacker” to the IT community. Richard Stallman devoted his time and energy to develop a way to make software free with no price to all users and programmers. Due to Richard Stallman’s devotion to free software to all it has led to major software developers to pursue the idea as well and in doing so has created free Java software and other software to users. The General Public License also called GNU is a copy left license for software and other types of programs. GNU allows a programmer or user the freedom to run, copy, distribute study, change, create, and improve software for users. The software is free to the public and creates innovation for program and software developers to learn from other developers. Programs and software not considered free to the user is referred as non-free or propriety programs and this translates to the user the program controls the user and the developer controls the user, this is considers the program is an instrument of unjust power to the user. The GNU Public License provides a form of trust to the users and the developers by providing rights to other users to use and alter other programs. The rights for a user consist of a programmer who develops a program and wants to distribute this program through GNU the developer must allow other users the ability...
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...Paper POS/355 Open and Closed Source Systems Paper GNU GPL (General Public License) defined as the copy left or free licensed software (GNU.org, 2007). When making an invention the creator must have copyrights to protect them from their inventions. No one wants their inventions taken from them. They can loss acknowledgement or worse the royalties not given to them. Copyrights mean the right to copy; generally, it gives the copyright holder many other rights to their software or products. Creators who work hard to make their software or products a reality, they want that accreditation for their works; and they can determine who can take the work and financially benefit for the use it. It is a form of intellectual property; like patent, trademark, and trade secret (copyright.gov, 2012). By contrast, the GNU GPL is freedom of a guarantee to change and share the versions of the programs or software’s (GNU.org, 2007). Most organizations use GNU GPL for their software and it with their authors also that release the work. The licenses are put in place for developer’s freedom and to change and share their work that they develop; this is GNU General Public License. There are steps that are taken to use GNU GLP. (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this license giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it, and this the developers that uses GNU GLP protect your rights with these steps (GNU. org, 2007). When distributing copies of software for free...
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...IT 320 Research Paper 2 Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) has been a pinnacle of the corporate world ever since it came around. It has been an easy to use and replicate without worry of patent or licensing infringement. However, in 2006 Microsoft found that many of their patents had been infringed upon by several different aspects. The Linux kernel found in most servers was one of them. Microsoft took a big leap going after FOSS for 235 patents. FOSS is run by Stallman who was responsible for the GNU Manifesto also known to most as the GNU General Public License (GPL) . With Microsoft heading the full speed train against FOSS it took a demanding tire on both parties. While Microsoft, in the mean time was also striking a deal with Novell on its Linux based server support. FOSS was sure to go under as Linux was the base of all its open source used in many applications and the applications within Linux such as samaba or Open Office. The Deal with Novell was made to walk around the GPL of the GNU and expose loop holes for Microsoft’s gain but also creating a pressing dilemma for the GNU. The deal struck between Novell and Microsoft was a “we don’t sue you and you don’t sue us” which indicates that not only was FOSS involved in patent infringement but also Microsoft. The Deal included over 200 million dollars to Novell and 43 Million to Microsoft for “license distribution” of Novells’ Server software. The after effects of this deal resulted in a addition...
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...Option One GNU Introduction The GNU or General Public License plays a major role today in the way people think of programs. Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation (FSF) was who originally written the GNU or simply GPL. The case is, most software’s don’t want you to share or change the program. This means that they are trying to take away freedoms of having the program. What the GNU General Public License is designed to do is the opposite of that because it offers freedom to share and change the software and to make sure it is free for all of its users. This creation caused it to be the most widely used free software license. The GPL accounted for nearly 65% of the 43,442 free software projects listed on Freshmeat as of August 2007. Some believe that the copyleft provided from the GPL was crucial to Linux’s Success because it gave assurance that the work done by programmers who were involved in the kernel would remain free and benefit the world. After the first version of the GPL, more were made that followed. The first GPL was made in 1989. After that, another version was made with similar licenses but there was concern over problems in the GPLv2 so they made another one in June 2007. Preamble The General Public License was designed so that it meant that the people won’t think of a free software as related to its price but more to freedom. What this means is that people can do almost anything to the program including, making copies, giving away copies, selling...
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...Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) has been a pinnacle of the corporate world ever since it came around. It has been an easy to use and replicate without worry of patent or licensing infringement. However, in 2006 Microsoft found that many of their patents had been infringed upon by several different aspects. The Linux kernel found in most servers was one of them. Microsoft took a big leap going after FOSS for 235 patents. FOSS is run by Stallman who was responsible for the GNU Manifesto also known to most as the GNU General Public License (GPL) . With Microsoft heading the full speed train against FOSS it took a demanding tire on both parties. While Microsoft, in the meantime was also striking a deal with Novell on its Linux based server support. FOSS was sure to go under as Linux was the base of its entire open source used in many applications and the applications within Linux such as samba or Open Office. The Deal with Novell was made to walk around the GPL of the GNU and expose loop holes for Microsoft’s gain but also creating a pressing dilemma for the GNU. The deal struck between Novell and Microsoft was a “we don’t sue you and you don’t sue us” which indicates that not only was FOSS involved in patent infringement but also Microsoft. The Deal included over 200 million dollars to Novell and 43 Million to Microsoft for “license distribution” of Novell’s’ Server software. The after effects of this deal resulted in a addition to...
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...The GNU Public License and its Role What is the GNU Public License? The GNU is a public license covering and giving the designer the permission and freedom to distribute freeware. Freeware in this case means giving the general public the freedom to change and/or distribute copies of software, not necessarily software which has no price. With the GNU license you are guaranteed the freedom to make changes as you see fit, whereas other software licenses are restrictive and written in a way which prevents the user from making any form of changes or distributing the software how they see fit. In order to protect the rights of the users, the GNU public license has but one restriction. You cannot forbid anyone, whether making your version of the software available at no price or a fee, to deny the rights or ask anyone to surrender the rights to the software. The downloaded must be able to distribute or make copies of your software just as you had the same rights. You must make sure they are able to get to the source code and these terms must be shown in order to make them aware of these rights to it. The GNU public license protects your rights with two steps: “(1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.” ("Gnu general public," 1989) Each author is also protected by not providing a warranty for the free software. This way, if the software is modified by someone else and passed on...
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...along with the so called wrong policy-atypia at the beginning in the development cycle. It’s precisely because these non-mainstreams such as true multi-tasking that cause the current insecurity issues including multifariously malicious malware, e.g. Trojan-SMS, Fake Player, Droid Dream malware and so on. Meanwhile, the author listed the cause for concern, and also some tests on Android from the analyst view to test the security. There are two points in the article leave me a deep impression. The first one is a series of atypical and nonstandard design of Android. To come the first, its main kernel is just a branch of mainstream in Linux research and development. Besides, Android don’t give the support to the full set of standard General Public License. Last one but not the least one, Data storage is beyond standard using a lightweight relational database and also allows the external micro SD which is not passed locked to easy access on any device. We enjoy the advantages given by the atypical design and on the other hand we encounter and need to...
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...Quick Walkthrough CTERA CloudPlug Cloud Attached Storage May 2012 Firmware Version 3.1 Safety Precautions Warning Carefully read the Safety Instructions and the Installation and Operating Procedures provided in this User's Guide before attempting to install or operate the appliance. Failure to follow these instructions may result in damage to equipment and/or personal injuries, and will void your warranty. Safety Precautions This product contains no user-serviceable parts. Repair, maintenance and servicing of this appliance are only to be carried out by qualified CTERA personnel. This product may only be used for the applications described in the user guide, and only in connection with accessories which have been approved by CTERA. This product can only function correctly and safely if it is transported, stored, set up, and installed correctly, and operated and maintained as recommended. Operate this product only from the type of power source indicated on the product’s marking label. Overloaded AC outlets, extension cords, frayed power cords, damaged or cracked wire insulation, and broken plugs are dangerous. They may result in an electrical shock or fire hazard. Route power supply cords so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon or against them. Slots and openings in the enclosure are provided for ventilation, to ensure reliable operation of the product and to protect it from overheating. Do not block or cover these openings. Never...
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...1. What is free software? List three characteristics of free software. Free software is software that users can change and distribute without any repercussions. The characteristics of free software is that the software can be used for any purpose, can be studied and changed and can be distributed with the changes made. 3. What are multiuser systems? Why are they successful? Multiuser systems allows many people to use all of the resources of the system at the same time. This makes the system successful because the resources available can be used to its utmost potential so its growth is always on the rise. 5. In which language is Linux written? What does the language have to do with the success of Linux? Linux is written in C which means that that it is portable. In this way it makes it successful for it can be adapted to different machines and allows it to complete tasks on almost any platform. 9. What is a shell? How does it work with the kernel? With the user? A shell is a command interpreter which is the link between you and the operating system. Shells can arrange a file for later execution using scripts which help with operations and keep kernels on a priority list. This also makes it so users can issue short commands that perform highly complex operations. 11. Why is the Linux filesystem referred to as hierarchical? The filesystem of Linux is hierarchical due to its structure of arranging files under directories. These directories can hold other directories...
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...and Closed Source Systems) | A collaboration of people contributing free software is the key to Linux becoming a technically impressive product. Linux is a UNIX variant, but is much more effective do to the ability to create and use free software. Not UNIX Linux is an operating system created based on the Unix operating system all of the improvements to Unix used GNU tools to create the kernel that would become Linux. GNU is an acronym that stands for “Not Unix” and is part of a project of people collaborating over the Internet, creating free to use software and source codes. According to Stallings, W. (2012) “Linus Torvalds, a Finnish student of computer science, wrote the initial version.” and “posted an early version of Linux on the Internet in 1991.". Since then, a number of people, collaborating over the Internet, have contributed to the development of Linux, all under the control of Torvalds. Seal of Approval GNU Public License (GPL) is the approval of the collaborated efforts of the developers of the free software and is approved by a specific foundation. The foundation that gives the seal of approval of the publicly created software is called Free Software Foundation...
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...developing environment which helped these graduates succeed in the industry as UNIX was being spread throughout the world. What are multiuser systems? Why are they successful?Multiuser is a term that defines an operating system or application software that allows access by multiple users of a computer. They are so successful because they allow for collaborative projects to be conducted with much more ease and efficiency. What is the Free Software Foundation/GNU? What is Linux? Which parts of the Linux operating system did each provide? Who else has helped build and refine this operating system?The GNU is a completely free (in the freedom sense) operating system built by Richard Stallman and many of its components, except for the kernel, were completed in the early '90s. Linus Torvalds wrote the kernel for Linux, which was also intended to be a free operating system, in the early '90s. The two systems then were combined together to finish Linux, with it's original kernel and added features supplied by GNU. Linux was born off the internet with hundreds of people helping to develop it in its early years. In which language is Linux written? What does the language have to do with the success of Linux?Linux is written in the C programming language, and this helps Linux be portable because C is written in a higher-level, machine-independent language. What is a utility program?It is...
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