...Risk Analysis on Investment Decision Silicon Arts, Incorporated (SAI) is a manufacturer of circuits that are used in the manufacture of electronic equipment items. During their initial years in operation, there was an increase in the industry followed by a 40% decline. In order to remain competitive and stay profitable, SAI controlled expenses. Current trends indicate the industry may be on the rise again. SAI wants to develop some new capital investment projects that are in line with their goals: increase their market share, and keep pace with new technology (University of Phoenix, 2007). Future Scenarios The first task in the simulation was to examine probable future scenarios that could potentially affect SAI cash flow with two projects, Dig-image and W-Comm. Part of SAI’s plans is their desire to earn $54 million in their first year by selling 400,000 units, however they first need to determine their working capital. “Working capital rises over the early years of the project as expansion occurs. However, all working capital is assumed to be recovered at the end, a common assumption in capital budgeting” (Ross, Westerfield, & Jaffey, 2005, p. 183). SAI is expecting growth will be 20% in the first three years and then decrease 10% annually in years 4 and 5. SAI is expecting increasing competition, decreasing prices, and a short lifespan of the technology that could be obsolete before the lifespan of the project itself. Although increasing the volume of units will increase...
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...sizes does stop and wait give an efficiency of at least 50%? Consider the use of 1000-bit frames on a 1-Mbps satellite channel with a 270-ms delay. What is the maximum link utilisation for: (i) Stop-and-wait flow control? (ii) Sliding-window flow control with W = 127? (iii) Sliding-window flow control with W = 255? (iv) Sliding-window flow control with W = 511? With a k-bit sequence number field the maximum window should be 2k. Why is the maximum allowable window 2k -1? Two stations communicate via a 1-Mbps satellite link with a propagation delay of 270 ms. The satellite serves merely to retransmit data received from one station to another, with negligible switching delay. Using HDLC frames of 1024 bits with 3bit sequence numbers, what is the maximum possible data throughput (not counting the 48 overhead bits per frame)? Solution (a) Consider a window W = 2k and a sender that has successfully transmitted all frames in that window (SEQ = 0 … 2k - 1). The receiver will return an RR 0, but does this mean all 2k frames have been received (next SEQ is 0) or that all frames have been lost (next SEQ is also 0)? (b) Tprop = 270 x 10-3, Tframe = (L=1024)/(R=106) = 1.024 x 10-3 so a = 263.7 and 1 + 2a = 528.3. With k = 3 then W = 7 and since W < 1 + 2a, the utilisation is: W 7 U= = = 13.25 × 10 −3 which means an effective throughput of U x R = 13.25 kbps. 1 + 2a 528.3 But only (1024-48)/1024 = 0.9531 of the transmissions pertain to actual data, so the data throughput is 12.63 kbps...
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...Experimental Methodology 6 4. Results 8 4.1 Tables of Co-Current and Counter-Current flow taken from Result Table 8 4.1.1 Table of Co-Current Flow at Steady State 8 4.1.2 Table of Counter-Current Flow at Steady State 8 4.2 Log Mean Temperature Different (LMTD) Calculations 9 4.3 Calculating the Duty of the HEX and the Efficiency 10 4.4 Graphs of Results for Co-Current and Counter-Current Flow 12 5. Discussion and Analysis 13 5.1 Log Mean Temperature Different (LMTD) Calculation Analysis 13 5.2 Efficiency of the Heat Exchanger 14 5.3 Errors in Laboratory 14 6. Conclusions and Recommendations 15 Bibliography 16 List of Figures Figure 1: 3D View of Shell and Tube heat exchanger taken from http://www.secshellandtube.com/ 3 Figure 2: Shell and Tube heat exchanger flow pattern taken from http://www.cheresources.com/content/articles/heat-transfer/specifying-a-liquid-liquid-heat-exchanger 3 Figure 3: Screenshot taken from co-current experiment on Armfield Programme 7 Figure 4:Graph of Co-Current Flow 12 Figure 5: Graph of Counter-Current Flow 13 List of Tables Table 1: Table of sample number 74 for co-current flow at steady state 8 Table 2: Table of sample number 53 for counter-current flow at steady state...........................................9 Symbols and Abbreviations Symbol | Description | Units | Q | Heat Transfer | W | Qh | Duty of Hot Stream | W | Qc | Duty of...
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...(Greto, Schotter, & Teagarden, 2010). However, after the war Toyota faced bankruptcy until the US submitted a request for the production of vehicles for the US Military (Greto, Schotter, & Teagarden, 2010). Toyota would establish their first subsidiary in the US and would begin production in 1988 (Greto, Schotter, & Teagarden, 2010). The global automobile industry was estimated to be US $ 1.9 trillion business with Toyota moving to number one in sales in globally in 2008. However, that success would come amongst great adversity and leadership challenges (Greto, Schotter, & Teagarden, 2010). In the beginning, Toyota’s leadership came from within the Toyoda family; however, after an illness the organization found it necessary to go outside the Toyoda family for leadership (Greto, Schotter, & Teagarden, 2010). The company was built on the principle of safety first, quality second, and volume third, known as the Toyota Way (Greto, Schotter, & Teagarden, 2010). The Toyota Way, is known throughout the world of organizational management and many organization have patterned their organization after Toyota (Greto, Schotter, & Teagarden, 2010). The Toyota Way is based upon long term planning, addressing problems and not hiding problems, encouraging teamwork, and most important,...
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...The Caldera Cont. [W-07.2] == Once back at the Caldera, open the SPECIAL CHEST that contains a GORGON EYE and use your Fire Blades to break the gears holding the archimedean screw together. You may now backtrack to that new type of door you saw earlier, and break it down. Inside grab the GREEN CHEST and a RED CHEST before continuing along the path. When you slide down the next ramp you'll land onto a platform where you have to face two Minotaurs and some firebirds. Grab the BLUE/GREEN CHEST and then pull the lever here. Jump onto the lava rock and you will float along the lava flow. You will fight a small wave of fire crab-spiders before eventually needing to jump onto a wall as the lava rock begins to burn away. At the top open the SPECIAL CHEST that contains a MINOTAUR HORN and be sure to save at the Save Point. Sidle your way across the ledge to your right then break the gears on another one of the archimedean screws. Climb up the ledge here and keep moving. At the end of the path open both the GREEN CHEST and BLUE CHEST before breaking down another fire door. Open the SPECIAL CHEST and sidle your way through the crevice here and around into the Volcano Core. _______________________________________________________________________________ | NOTE: If you find all the SPECIAL CHESTS some will only contain Orbs, but if| | you miss some, the others will compensate. | |_____________________________________________________________________________| Before you can get completely around...
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...RESPIRATORY SYSTEM RESPIRATION * Pulmonary ventilation * Moving air into + out of the lungs * External respiration- DOES NOT MEAN EXPIRATION OR EXHALATION * Gas exchange between the lungs + the blood (the aveoli and the blood) * Gas Transport * O2 + CO2 between the lungs + tissues * Internal respiration- internally! DOES NOT MEAN INHALATION OR INSPIRATION * Gas exchange between systemic blood vessels + tissues * (Additional functions: Smell, Speech) CONDUCTING VS. RESPIRATORY ZONES * Conducting: Passages for air to flow through (everything except those structures that involve gas exchange, no exchange across the wall, just moves air in and out) * Cleanse, humidify and warm the air as it moves through these passages * Respiratory: Gas exchange function NASAL CAVITY * High blood supply * Warms air * Mucous membran * Moistens air * Immunity (mucus, lysozyme, antibodies) * Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium (it moves things, like dirty mucous and mucous traps things so that you can either swallow it or blow it out of your nose) * Moves contaminated mucus toward throat * Hair * Filter air * Olfactory receptors * Smell * Contributes to speech sounds PHARYNX * Funnel-shaped tube that connects to the: * Nasal cavity and mouth superiorly * Larynx and esophagus inferiorly * Food and/or air passageway * Divided into 3 regions ...
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... Expected HPR= E(r) =E(d1)+[EP1-P0]P0 3. DDM- Constant growth DDM: P0 = D1k - g e.g. ABC pays annual D of $1.22, expected to grow indefinitely at 5% Q: If current value based on constant growth is $32.03, what is required rate of return? $32.03 = $1.22 × 1.05k - 0.05 k = 0.089994 or 8.9994% >Market Capitalization Rate (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | Time until Payment (Years) | Payment | Payment Discounted at 10% | Weight | (1)×(4) | 1 | 60 | 54.55 | 0.0606 | 0.0606 | 2 | 60 | 49.59 | 0.0551 | 0.1101 | 3 | 1060 | 796.39 | 0.8844 | 2.6531 | Column Sum: | 900.53 | 1.0000 | 2.8238 | = k = rf + β [E(rM) – rf ] - The Market consensus estimate of the appropriate discount rate for a firm’s cash flows ∴ 3b. Constant growth no K – Step 1. Find market capitalization rate using CAPM = 0.04 + 0.75 (0.12 – 0.04) = 0.10 Step 2. V0 = D1k － g = $40.10 － 0.04 = $66.67. growth =g = ROE b, where b = plowback ratio and ROE = the rate at which income was generated. 4. Present Value Growth Opportunities – Net present value of a firm’s future investments. E.g. ABC expects to earn $6 per share next year, ROE = 15%, plowback is 60%, market capitalization is 10%. Q: What is PVGO? A: Step 1....
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...| Case StudyProduction Of Phthalic Anhydride | Semester Project | | | 1/6/2012 | | Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2 1.1Physical Properties: 2 1.2 Applications: 2 1.3 PAN Producers in Pakistan: 3 1.4 End Users of PAN: 3 2. PROCESS OVERVIEW 4 3. REACTOR CALCULATIONS 5 4. SALT CIRCULATION RATE 6 5. SWITCH CONDENSER CALCULATIONS 7 6. AFTER COOLER CALCULATIONS 8 7. VAPORIZER CALCULATIONS 9 8. PRE HEATER CALCULATIONS 10 9. GAS COOLER CALCULATIONS 11 10. STRIPPING COLUMN CALCULATIONS 12 11. RECTIFICATION COLUMN CALCULATIONS 13 Bibliography 14 Table 1-Physical properties of Phthalic Anhydride 2 Table 2-Heats of Formation (1) 4 Figure 1-Detailed Process Flow Diagram (PFD) of the Phthalic Anhydride production process 3 Figure 2-LMTD across the switch condenser unit 6 1. INTRODUCTION Phthalic Anhydride (PAN) is one of the first cyclic anhydrides and is a white crystalline solid. It is an organic compound with the general formula C6H4(CO)2O and is an anhydride of Phthalic Acid. 1.1Physical Properties: These are summarized in the table below: Molecular Formula | C8H4O3 | Molar Mass | 148.1 g/mol. | Appearance | White Flakes | Density | 1.53 g/cm3 | Melting Point | 131oC | Boiling Point | 280OC | Flash Point | 152oC | Table [ 1 ]-Physical properties of Phthalic Anhydride 1.2 Applications: One of the main uses of PAN is in the manufacture of plasticizers for PVC processing. It is also used in the...
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...electric vehicles are very much environment friendly. Still electric vehicles are falling behind in the automobile industries due to the problem of storage of energy. This paper is based on the concept of charging the batteries of an electric vehicle when it is in motion or propelling. This may be done by using the energy of wind which is caused by the relative motion between the vehicle and the wind surrounding it. Wind turbines can be mounted on the body structure of the vehicle to generate electricity in such a way that it must not create any additional drag force (rather than the existing drag force due to frontal area and skin friction) upon the vehicle. An elaborate aerodynamic analysis of the structure of the vehicle along with the flow pattern and wind turbine is presented in the paper. Some techniques and methods are proposed to minimize the drag imposed by the introduction of the turbines as much as possible. Optimum values of different design parameters and rated velocity of...
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...This is page i Printer: Opaque this A Mathematical Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Alexandre Chorin Department of Mathematics University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California 94720-3840, USA Jerrold E. Marsden Control and Dynamical Systems, 107-81 California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125, USA ii iii A Mathematical Introduction to Fluid Mechanics iv Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Chorin, Alexandre A Mathematical Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Third Edition (Texts in Applied Mathematics) Bibliography: in frontmatter Includes. 1. Fluid dynamics (Mathematics) 2. Dynamics (Mathematics) I. Marsden, Jerrold E. II. Title. III. Series. ISBN 0-387 97300-1 American Mathematics Society (MOS) Subject Classification (1980): 76-01, 76C05, 76D05, 76N05, 76N15 Copyright 1992 by Springer-Verlag Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer-Verlag Publishing Company, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. Typesetting and illustrations prepared by June Meyermann, Gregory Kubota, and Wendy McKay The cover illustration shows a computer simulation of a shock diffraction by a pair of cylinders, by John Bell, Phillip Colella, William Crutchfield, Richard Pember, and Michael Welcome...
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...A national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Preliminary Technical Risk Analysis for the Geothermal Technologies Program J. McVeigh and J. Cohen Princeton Energy Resources International Technical Report NREL/TP-640-41156 March 2007 M. Vorum, G. Porro, and G. Nix National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute ● Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 Preliminary Technical Risk Analysis for the Geothermal Technologies Program J. McVeigh and J. Cohen Princeton Energy Resources International Technical Report NREL/TP-640-41156 March 2007 M. Vorum, G. Porro, and G. Nix National Renewable Energy Laboratory Prepared under Task No. GT04.1101 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product...
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...Guillermo Navallez goal is to become a profitable organization and to become a profitable organization he has three options that he needs to consider. The first option is to covert his facility into a high technological facility with the latest manufacturing technology. Guillermo Navallez’s initial cost for the equipment will be high, and he will have to weigh the cost of equipment with the benefits that the equipment will bring to the organization over time. Guillermo Navallez second option is to become a broker for another manufacturing company. Guillermo Navallez will have to change his business from being a manufacturer to a distributor. The third option that Guillermo Navallez has is to simply keep on his current path and hope he doesn’t go out of business. Guillermo Navallez will have to make appropriate calculation in order to discover the optimal choice for his business. A sensitivity analysis will be conducted along with...
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...Lesson 4: | | Ex: 35 and wants to retire at 65Wants to be able to withdraw $90k on each bday for 20 years (65-85)First withdrawal on 66th bdayInvesting w/ 8% return Wants to make equal payments on each bdayWhat amount must she deposit annually 1) Find amount at age 66 that must be accumulated to withdraw 90k for 20 years at 8%. Ordinary annuity (cash flow occurring at end of each year) 2) Find the annual deposit amount that will accumulate to the amount found above for 30 years at 8%. Ordinary annuity.Savingst=35 t=36 t=37 … t=65 PMT PMT PMT/ FV?Withdrawals T=65 PV? t=66 t=67 … t=85 90k 90k 90kStart w/ 2) WithdrawalsPMT = 90kN=20yearsr = 0.08Find PVUse PV from 2) to solve 1)FV at 65 = PV at 65N=30 yearsr =0.08Find PMT 3) Since cash flows from 1) and 2) are both annuities, we can calculate the PV(2) and PMT (1) using calculator Stage 2: Calc Pv[PMT]=-90,000[N] = 20[8] = I/Y[comp][PV] = 883,633.2667 saveStage 1: Calc PMTRecall 883,633.2667 [FV][N]=30[I/Y] = 8[comp][PMT] = -7,800.213801b)LUMP SUM payment on 35th bday to cover retirement needs. How much does she have to depositFV = 883,633.2667N=30r=0.08PV(lump sum) = FV1+rN PV(lump sum) = 883633.26671.0830 PV(lump sum) = 87813.117Would have to put that amount in today to have FVc) receives $1500/yr from co. as profit sharingexpects 25k from family trust on 55th bday3 cash flows1 –...
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...Code Of Ethics And Standards Of Professional Conduct Collecting documents and records in support of its investigation Conclude the inquiry with no disciplinary sanction Issue a cautionary letter If finding that a violation of the Code and Standards occurred, the Designated Officer proposes a disciplinary sanction ay to Process for the enforcement of the Code and Standards When an inquiry is initiated Upon reviewing the material obtained during the investigation, the Designated Officer may .c Requesting a written explanation from the member or candidate The member or candidate Complaining parties Third parties om / a. Accepted by member The matter is referred to a hearing by a panel of CFA Institute members :/ /w Continue proceedings to discipline the member or candidate Rejected by member Act with integrity, competence, diligence, respect and in an ethical manner Integrity of investment profession &...
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...capital management. It is important that the decisions being made in regards to financial management be concise, educated, and understandable. This paper addresses the three types of financial management decisions which guide companies in the direction for success, and will point out a few possible ethical problems company’s may face in their quest for that success. Part 1: Capital Budgeting Capital budgeting is the process of planning and managing a firm's long-term investments. “Evaluating the size, timing, and risk of future cash flows is the essence of capital budgeting” (Ross, Westerfield, Jordan, 2007, p. 5). The size, timing, and risk of future cash flows are the most important things to consider with capital budgeting. Formal methods that are used in capital budgeting include profitability index, valuation of future cash flows, and net present value. Profitability index is the present value of an investment’s future cash flows divided by its initial cost, also known as benefit-cost ratio. The index measures the value of each dollar invested in the company and is rationed from the present value of the benefits (PVB) to the present value of the costs (PVC). The index is used instead of Net Present Value, which is the present value of benefits minus present value of costs, when evaluating mutually exclusive proposals that have different costs. The advantages of using the profitability index are it tells whether an investment increases the firm's value; considers...
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