...Artificial Intelligence: Fact or Fiction Virginia Vidaurri INF 103 Computer Literacy Instructor: Jeanette Cobabe December 3, 2012 Artificial Intelligence: Fact or Fiction What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence came into being in 1956, when it was proposed by John McCarthy (Bowles, 2010). This refers to the ability to “create a computer that could perform logical operations so well that it could actually learn and become sentient or conscious.” (Bowles, 2010). Our text defines intelligence as “the capacity for learning, reasoning, understanding, and similar forms of mental activity.” (Bowles, 2010). The problem with this definition is it’s not so clear cut when it is referring to machines (Bowles, 2010). The ultimate goal with Artificial Intelligence is to create a machine that can actually think, as a person thinks, but I’m not sure this goal is capable of being fully realized. In 1937, Alan Turing, a mathematician, developed what he called a Turing Machine, which was supposed to be an intelligent machine (Bowes, 2010). Then in 1950, using this machine, Turing proposed the Turing Test, which he thought “could prove whether or not a computer was intelligent” (Bowles, 2010). In this experiment, there was a judge who would communicate with a person and a computer, each hidden behind a different curtain. If the judge couldn’t tell the difference between the computer and the “real person”, then the computer would be considered...
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...1.INTRODUCTION: Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It includes people,procedure,hardware,software,data and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrated characteristics of intelligence.It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable. Intelligence is basically the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world. Varying kinds and degrees of intelligence occur in people, many animals and some machines.There is no solid definition of intelligence relating it to human intelligence. The problem is that it cannot yet be characterize in general what kinds of computational procedures can be called intelligent. We understand some of the mechanisms of intelligence and not others. Sometimes Artificial Intelligence is about simulating human intelligence but not always.On the one hand, we can learn something about how to make machines solve problems by observing other people or just by observing our own methods. On the other hand, most work in AI involves studying the problems the world presents to intelligence rather than studying people or animals. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its...
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...ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN BUSINESS. Artificial Intelligence In Business * Artificial Intelligence is a field of science and technology based on disciplines such as computer science, biology, psychology, linguistics, mathematics and engineering. * The goal of AI is to develop computers that can simulate the ability to think ,as well as , hear , walk , talk and feel. * Artificial intelligence technologies are being used in a variety of ways to improve the decision support provided to managers and business professionals in many companies. * Artificial Intelligence enabled applications are at work in * Information distribution and retrieval * Database mining * Product design * Manufacturing inspection * Training * User support * Surgical Planning * Resource scheduling * Complex resource management * A major thrust of Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of computer functions normally associated with human intelligence such as reasoning, learning and problem solving etc. * In 1950 Alan Turing, British Artificial Intelligence pioneer proposed a test to determine whether machines could think. According to Turing test, a computer could demonstrate intelligence if a human interviewer, conversing with an unseen human and an unseen computer could not tell which was which. * Critics believe that no computer can truly pass the Turing test. They claim that it is not possible to develop intelligence to impart true humanlike...
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...Human and Machine Intelligence Essay Joe Schmo Human and Machine Intelligence Essay Are machines able to think, feel, comprehend, and act intelligently similar to that of their human counterparts? The debate continues and with the advancement of technology anything is possible. This paper will take a look at artificial intelligence and clearly state goals and limitations related to it. This paper will also compare and contrast the relation between the functioning brains and will evaluate if computers are capable of thought and how the right and left hemispheres of the human brain correspond to that of a microchip. Finally, this paper will discuss our feelings on free will in intelligent beings. According to "The Free Dictionary" (2012), "Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or other machine to perform actions thought to require intelligence. Among these actions are logical deduction and inference, creativity, the ability to make decisions based on past experience or insufficient or conflicting information, and the ability to understand spoken language ” (Artificial Intelligence). Technology has advanced tremendously since the creation of artificial intelligence in the 1950’s. A major goal moving ahead for scientists is to create machines that have the capacity to think and act like humans. Scientists then hope that if they are able to create human-like machines they will eventually be able to surpass...
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...Artificial Intelligence and The Future of Humanity Artificial intelligence is the human-like intelligence demonstrated by machines and man made software. The artificial intelligence field is interdisciplinary meaning that it combines two or more academic disciplines or fields of study, in which a number and professions mesh together, including computer science, psychology, linguistics, philosophy and neuroscience, as well as other specialized fields such as artificial psychology. Major artificial intelligence researchers and textbooks define this field as the study and design of intelligent agents, where as an intelligence agent is a system that checks out its environment and takes the necessary actions that maximizes the chances of success(Artificial Intelligence, A.G. Cohn, R. Dechter). Now, this person John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955, defined it as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. Artificial intelligence research is very highly technical and specialized, and is deeply divided into sub fields that usually often fail to communicate with each other. Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors meaning that it will or will not function because of our multicultural race. Some sub fields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. Artificial intelligence research is also divided by several technical issues. Some sub fields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one...
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...Human and Machine Intelligence: Team Assignment Phil/443 Human and Machine Intelligence Axiology is a philosophical approach in which values and valued judgement are the main focus. This says includes ethics- the good things and the bad things that we each value on a different level. There are different beliefs, religions, and different rules that we each value on a daily basis. The fact that their have been goals set in a machine obtaining artificial intelligence is a very good thing that has been developing over the years. This is something that is definitely valued by most people in the world today, and in my opinion machines makes life much easier. “Axiology is the study of value or goodness, in its widest sense. The distinction is commonly made between that which is valuable for its own sake and that which is valuable only as means to something else, which itself may be extrinsically or intrinsically valuable.”(Axiology.(2013).In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com. Goals are plans that require a commitment in order to get the desired result. The goal of artificial intelligence was to build a machine that could possibly do what the human being couldn’t. This goal has changed tremendously over the years because it has been seen and clarified that it is not as easy as it seemed it would be in the beginning. Though these machines are not very far from artificial intelligence, the human brain can help it to get to that point. The current...
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...ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Name INF 103: Computer Literacy Instructor: Bonita Spight-Williams April 13, 2013 Artificial Intelligence What does our future hold in the area of Artificial Intelligence? “The goal of many computer scientists since the mid–20th century has been to create a computer that could perform logical operations so well that it could actually learn and become sentient or conscious. The effort to achieve this is called artificial intelligence, or AI.” (Bowles, 2010). AI is a branch of computer science that deals with developing machines that solve complex problems in a more human-like manner. This involves computers adopting characteristics of human intelligence. However, it has many associations with other fields of study such as Math, Psychology, Biology, and Philosophy. Many scientists believe that by combining these various fields of study they will ultimately succeed in creating an artificially intelligent machine. A lot of scientists believe that the key to figuring out artificial intelligence is to copy the basic function of the human brain. While it is certainly evident that a computer can acquire knowledge from a program or programmer, it is the new developments in AI that will enable it to apply the knowledge. The new advancements in AI will hopefully enable these machines to not only possess the knowledge, but also understand how to utilize it in a number of situations. Artificial Intelligence researchers analyze human...
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...Artificial intelligence From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "AI" redirects here. For other uses, see Ai. For other uses, see Artificial intelligence (disambiguation). Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents"[1] where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success.[2] John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955,[3] defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."[4] AI research is highly technical and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other.[5] Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. There are subfields which are focussed on the solution of specific problems, on one of several possible approaches, on the use of widely differing tools and towards the accomplishment of particular applications. The central problems of AI include such traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.[6] General intelligence (or "strong AI") is still among the field's long term goals.[7] Currently popular approaches include statistical...
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...first introduce what Artificial intelligence means in the world of information systems. I will give points to both its advantages and disadvantages of its uses. Artificial Intelligence is considered the development of machines such as robots and security systems to perform the job of humans. They even have feelings, thoughts, preferences and the ability to understand human speech (Russell, 2009). In 1941, the most intelligent machine was an invention in the form of the electronic computer. Who would have thought 60 years from then that the same computer would be perfected beyond leaps and bounds and be used to control other machines, as well as be part of day to day living? In 1956, John McCarthy, considered the father of Artificial Intelligence, organized a conference where intellectuals gathered to learn of this phenomenon (Lee, 1992). This laid the foundation for the advancements in artificial intelligence today. Today artificial intelligence is used in our homes and sophisticated establishments such as military bases and the NASA space station. NASA has even sent out artificially intelligent robots to grace some planets and to learn more about their atmosphere and habitat, the intention being to investigate if there is a possibility of humans living on other planets. There are many advantages and disadvantages of the use of artificial intelligence in business and in our day to day lives. Some of the advantages of Artificial Intelligence include: • Machines...
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...Artificial Intelligence Essay In this essay I will attempt to describe briefly what artificial intelligence is, its drawbacks, and to what level computers have advanced in order to be able to achieve the goals of AI. In doing so, I will go on and discuss the following points: • Computers can only do what they are told by a programmer • Computers cannot think • Intelligence cannot be understood. There are many definitions of artificial intelligence (AI), but they all conclude in some form to say that it is the study of mental capabilities through the use of computer models. It can also be said that AI allows computers to carry out tasks that have been considered to require intelligence and are usually carried out by experts. The main advantages of AI are therefore that it can aid experts in decision making and comment on any statements made, helps answer the questions of trainees requiring the knowledge of experts in their field, and obviously, learn from its mistakes to acquire new facts. When defining artificial intelligence, it is useful to understand fully what both words mean. Something artificial is said to be unreal, unnatural and inorganic meaning it being synthetic. Intelligence is the skill of understanding and the ability to perceive and conceive meaning Therefore artificial intelligence is a way of providing man made computers with the ability to learn, perceive and think for themselves. This is just the theory, because in practice...
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...Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence is a scientific concept that gives machines the ability to copy and complete human tasks. It was a term that first came into use in 1955 and has come quite a long way since then. According to Stanford University in California, this type of intelligence is created by studying and simulating human actions, not human intelligence, to complete tasks. The actions are then programmed into a computer to allow the computer to complete the same task.It does not actually resemble human intelligence at all. Only in the movements and processing and fina l product or accomplishment. The computer should solve all the tasks with its own methods, similar to the methods in which a person with computer knowledge and know how would use. Artificial intelligence will never possess a creative side such a write an original thought, create an intelligent though or compose anything that has not already been thought or entered into its programming. The science of artificial intelligence is the part of the complex computer sciences, and the technology created by humans. The aim of the science is to create answers and solutions as well on the basis of calculations and artificially made intelligent machines. Artificial intelligence is aimed to make the human life easier and do all the difficult tasks and provide people with acceptable solutions to any problems. The main problems with Artificial Intelligence include...
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...writer Karel Čapek introduced the play called «Rossum’s Universal Robots». In the epilogue of the play almost all humans are killed by the robot revolution. As the result, the thought-provoking fear about the possible existence of super intelligence in the future remains fresh today. Frankly speaking, disagreement about the appropriate level of concern, and even the nature of the problem, is broad. Some experts consider AI an urgent danger; many more believe the fears are either exaggerated or misplaced. It is clear that there is not much agreement about the risks or implications of AI. One aspect of the problem is that “artificial intelligence” is an ambiguous term. There are, generally speaking, three forms of AI: weak AI, strong AI, and super-intelligence. At present, only weak AI...
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...Artificial Intelligence Balinda Roberts INF 103 Computer Literacy Debra Austin July 4, 2013 Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It includes people, procedure, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrated characteristics of intelligence. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but Artificial Intelligence does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable. Intelligence is basically the computation part of the ability to achieve goals in the world varying kinds and degrees of intelligence occur in people, many animals and some machines. There is no solid definition of intelligence relating it to human intelligence. The problem is that it cannot yet be characterize in general what kinds of computational procedures can be called intelligent. We understand some of the mechanisms of intelligence and not others. Sometimes Artificial Intelligence is about simulating human intelligence but not always. On the one hand, we can learn something about how to make machines solve problems by observing other people or just by observing our own methods. On the other hand most work in Artificial Intelligence involves studying the problems the world presents to intelligence rather than studying people or animals. Artificial Intelligence textbooks...
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...guidance in reaching my stars and chasing my dreams and goals. I would like to give thanks to my three wonderful brothers, aunties, uncles, and other relatives that always been supportive since in my first day here on earth. I would also like to give thanks to my Professor in Productive Keyboarding, Professor Maridel Oropesa Casas from Adamson University, for her guidance and support throughout this study. Thank you Ma’am Casas for sharing your knowledge in this subject and its application in life. I believed I learned from the best. Thank you to my friends and especially to the sisters in my dormitory who are always there for me in my ups and downs in life. You guys made my life extra special. Lastly, I give thanks to the Almighty God for being there for me. This project will never exist if you weren’t here for me. Gracias! Table of Contents I. Introduction 4 II. Computers, Robots, and Artificial Intelligence 5 a. Computer 6 b. Artificial Intelligence and Robots 7 III. Information Age and Information Society 8 a. Knowledge 9 b. Global mind 10 c. Global brain 11 IV. The Machine and the Machine of Mind 12 a. The Machines of Mind 13 b. The Most Human Mind of Machines 14 V. Conclusion 16 I. Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans. Some of the activities computers with artificial intelligence are designed for include: speech recognition, learning...
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...Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software, and the branch of computer science that develops machines and software with intelligence. Major AI researchers and textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents",[1] where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success.[2] John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955,[3] defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines".[4] AI research is highly technical and specialised, and is deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other.[5] Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications. The central problems (or goals) of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.[6] General intelligence (or "strong AI") is still among the field's long term goals.[7] Currently popular approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence and traditional symbolic AI. There are an enormous number of tools...
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