...Say a soldier throws himself on a grenade to prevent others from being killed. It does not seem that the soldier is pursuing his perceived self-interest. It is plausible that, if asked, the soldier would have said that he threw himself on the grenade because he wanted to save the lives of others or because it was his duty. He would deny as ridiculous the claim that he acted in his self-interest. The psychological egoist might reply that the soldier is lying or self-deceived. Perhaps he threw himself on the grenade because he could not bear to live with himself afterwards if he did not do so. He has a better life, in terms of welfare, by avoiding years of guilt. The main problem here is that while this is a possible account of some cases, there is no reason to think it covers all cases. Another problem is that guilt may presuppose that the soldier has a non-self-regarding desire for doing what he takes to be right. Egoist are very greedy and try to get things anyway they can, even if it's inconvenient for others. The questions and comments of an Egoist: What's in it for me? How will it benefit me? Yuck! He looks hideous and makes me feel bad. I should help him to make me feel better. The questions and comments of an Altruist: How can I help you? Anyway I can assist, let me know. Poor man, he must feel awful. I've got to help him so he feels...
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...CURRICULUM VITAE 1. NAME: Professor Emmanuel Egwu Oti (MFS) 2. MAILING ADDRESS: Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture P.M.B.053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. RESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: No 9 Umuoji Street Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. 3. E-Mail ADDRESS: otiegwuemmanuel@yahoo.com 4. DATE OF BIRTH: 24th January 1962 5. LOCAL GOVT. AREA: Afikpo North 6. STATE OF ORIGIN: Ebonyi state 7. NATIONALITY: Nigeria 8. MARITAL STATUS: Married 9. LIST OF DEPENDANTS: (i) Emmanuella Chinyere Oti (wife) (ii) Sandra Ijeoma Egwu-Oti(daughter) (iii) Juliet Chinenye Egwu-Oti (daughter) (iv) Genevieve Chiamaka Egwu-Oti (daughter) (v) Treasure Ifeoma Egwu-Oti (daughter) (vi) Bob-Manuel Chidiebere Egwu-Oti (son) 10. POSOTION AND SALARY SCALE: Professor / UASS 78 11. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: DURATION (i) Ngodo/Amachi Primary School Afikpo. 1970-1975 (ii) Government Secondary School Afikpo. 1975-1980 (iii) Alvan lkoku College of Education, Owerri. 1980-1983 (iv) University of Jos, Jos Nigeria. ...
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...guide with respect to religion. In Pascal’s Wager, a piece that he wrote to the Libertines, he explains not why God is real, but why we should believe in God. The Libertines disagreed by saying, “Since it is impossible to know if there is a God, then there is no reason for me to choose one way or the other.” (101) Pascal refuted this argument by stating that we, as humans, must make a choice to either believe or not to believe in God. Being agnostic is not plausible, Pascal states, since the actions of being agnostic are the same as being atheist. Pascal then states how believing in God is the only option that makes sense because if God does not exist, then there is no loss. However, if God does exist, then we either gain eternal happiness for believing, or an infinite amount of time living an infinitely horrible...
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...Is believing in something better then knowing the truth? As a citizen within society, one is exposed to all different types of conspiracies and many believe they are true. In reality though, many conspiracies are just myths that no one wants to see them as. It is kind of like feeling secure knowing what they think is true whether it is or not. A common conspiracy known around the world is the one about Santa Claus. Many children grow up believing that this man delivers gifts to everyone around world. When children realize Santa is not real, they do not seem to want to believe that. When I was younger, I did not want to believe that just because I knew Santa brought expensive gifts and never wanted that to end. Once a child discovers santa is not real, the ipod turns into a pair of socks. Knowing Santa is not real not only ruins the type of gifts, but also the christmas spirit....
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...The God/Spirit experienced in the Huichol peyote ritual can be interpreted in many different ways. In order to experience the God or spirit, they eat peyote. While the experience happening during the Huichol Peyote ritual is only a phenomenon inside their head, this practice is what makes them connect with their god, and is certainly real to them, it is just not reality due to the fact that they are hallucinating after the peyote is consumed. I think that there is definitely a difference between a "real" experience and an experience in one's head. An experience in someone's head is only real in their mind. It is not real life. I personally do not believe that it is reality, although when one experiences it, they are put into an alternate reality. This happens when hallucinogens are taken. No matter how they are going about it, whether it is occurring from a drug or their just their imagination, it is merely just there in their mind....
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...according to God and the soul. Both of these factors are addressed in all six of his meditations. Each meditation has its own theme and main objective that contribute to its explanation. Although Descartes writing was challenging to understand, I have found sources to help clarify and back up the ideas that have been stated. I will analysis the ideas Descartes has mentioned in the first three of his meditations. The first meditation: “Of the things which may be brought within the sphere of the doubtful” In this section, Descartes states that he does not trust his senses because they are deceptive. He questions the sciences and the deceptiveness that they have within them. The only science that he believes to be truthful is arithmetic and geometry. They are based on simple objects. The other sciences are untrustworthy because they come from composite ideas. Descartes states “there is nothing in all that I formerly believed to be true” God also plays a large part in the discussion of this meditation. He believes that God is not deceptive and only speaks the truth. The journal Substance and Action in Descartes and Newton states “from Descartes's point of view, we cannot think of God as extended because God lacks geometric properties, unlike ordinary material bodies, which have shapes, and whose parts have various shapes; we also cannot have a clear and distinct idea of God through our imagination.” The author restates Descartes idea that God cannot be determined if he is real or not...
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...There is a never gone topic in the past 2000 years. What is it? The topic is about Christians and atheists debate whether God exists. With the continuous advancement of science, a lot of young people believe that the world of all things evolved naturally, no longer believe in God's creation, but rather believe that the Big Bang theory. Therefore, there are a lot of young people begin to lose their faith, lost faith in God. And I firmly believe that God is real, and I will show three-point, to help people know God is real existence. First, spirit world really exists. Perhaps when I say this, you will pores erect, I hope you do not be afraid. Have you ever heard Near Death Experience? This has been studied for a long time in the scientific community, they specialize in restore the health of people who are going to die, the report shows that in this case, a lot of people have experienced, OBE, to see their bodies, or their loved ones, also have some special story like somebody see the doctor to remove his body something in surgery ,when he wake up he could know every detail really clearly, some people experienced a near-death state in heaven, saw their loved ones, some people go to hell, they all think that is real experience at that time, and then their life has changed a lot, because they are beginning to believe that the person really has a soul. Others in real life, but also that some people have the experience of familiar spirits (spirit), when they have some difficult problems...
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...God does not create everything to be perfect. If we would be perfect without sins, flaws, and problems then there would be no God, then we would be totally equal as God, and there would be no one higher and lower than us. There would be sinners, atheist, offenders in His own creation because simply He gave us free will. God allows evil to exist because of the free will. Humans is given their God-given freedom which is the free will, it is the power to make a decision of one individual instead of taking or having God to decide what to do. The Bible describes God as holy, righteous, just, and sovereign tell us that these attributes about God meant that God is capable of preventing evil, and God desires to rid the universe of evil. So, why does God allow evil? If God has the power to prevent evil and desires to prevent evil, why does He still allow evil? God could change everyone’s personality so that they cannot...
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...Meditation I making certain to distinguish between real doubts and hypothetical or metaphysical doubts. Then explain how Descartes dispels each of these doubts during the course of the subsequent Meditations beginning with the cogito in Meditation 2. A methodic or systematic doubt refers to the common sense or naïve realism. So common sense or naïve realism is the belief that all knowledge comes from or through the senses. Naïve realism are things that are exactly as they appear to be and they appear to be exactly the way they are; a teacup for example. It’s possible to doubt naïve realism in that senses are not always truthful. The difference between real and hypothetical or metaphysical doubt is that Real Doubt are doubts we actually have such as those that really do happen; for example, things that happen sometimes, occasionally, or once in a while. Metaphysical Doubt on the other hand are doubts that could happen. It’s like a logical extension of real doubt, logical possibilities for example “let us assume, what if, I will therefore suppose that.” Sometimes is also considered a real doubt for example “Sometimes my senses do deceive me.” It’s important to note that external conditions are not ideal. Descartes discusses the lunatic hypothesis and the dream hypothesis. He says that in a lunatic hypothesis internal conditions are not ideal since a lunatic cannot trust the veracity of his senses. A dream hypothesis, considered to be a real doubt, states that dreaming and being awake...
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...The author of this article claims the ontological argument for the existence of God in Meditation V is identical to the causal argument in Meditation III. Descartes’ ontological argument declares that a greatest being (i.e. God) necessarily exists as existence pertains to God’s essence. Since Descartes attributes omnipotence and absolute freedom to God, a problem arises: God, as the creator of all possible and actual essences (including God’s own), could separate God’s essence from God’s existence. As a result, God would not be necessary, but only contingent. To avoid disallowing God freedom (but also to avoid declaring God incomprehensible), Descartes claims to have an intuition of the idea of God. Descartes’ intuition enables the conceivability...
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...What are gods? Are they even real? Where do they come from? Were the gods born or were they created from some “godly” thing? Honestly Greek Mythology is just a bunch of stories passed on from generation to generation throughout Ancient Greece. I am going to be telling you who these gods are, how they came about and what their role is in these stories. Cronos, known as the father of the gods, who was overthrown of his kingdom known as Mount Olympus by his son Zeus, is barely talked about in these stories. The main focus is on Zeus the other 11 Olympians. 12 Olympians in total. They are Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Apollo, Demeter, Athena, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodie, Hephaestus, Hermes and Hestia. They became these 12 Olympians in a story called Zeus...
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...Does God exists? Has been asking this question over and over, but there may not be an exact answer to this question. Over the time this topic has been disputing among the philosophers and the people who tried to answer it. . There are many questions and issues that are related to this question. Depending on the people if they are believers or not? Or what are the essences of a person religion? There is no specific answer to any of these questions and therefore one would ask. When people are asked about God existence, from their answers we can classify them in to two groups, the first group would be the believers whom answers will be yes based on the person’s believes. The second group would be the atheist who does not agree on God existence. However, whether a person is a believer or an atheist, there cannot be a significant prove that God exist or not. There two argument to the question of whether God exist or not. The Ontological Argument and the Cosmological Argument. The ontological argument is presented by St Anselm and the Cosmological Argument is presented by Saint Thomas Aquinas. In this essay I am going to explore both argument. The Ontological Argument The first argument I am going to explore is The Ontological Argument explained by St Anselm. In exploring St Anselm argument we can summarize it in the following characteristics. The first characteristic of Anselm ontological argument is that God is a perfect being, and it is imperfection not to exists, hence God does...
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...Liberty University THE BIBLE AMONG THE MYTHS A Book Summary Submitted to Dr. Daniel Warner in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Course OBST 510 Liberty University Baptist Theological Seminary by Sunday September 20th, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter1--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Chapter 2 3 Chapter 3 4 Chapter 4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Chapter 5 7 Chapter 6 8 Chapter 7 10 Chapter 8 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 Chapter 9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 Chapter 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 The Bible Among the Myths: Unique Revelation or Just Ancient Literature?. By John N. Oswalt. Grande Rapides, MI: Zondervan, 2009. Introduction Oswalt begins by discussing the origins of this book. How that at the close of the Second World War people had begun to re-evaluate some of their long held beliefs. As Oswalt would have said their paradigms began to shift. As this shift began people such as Albright and his students say a major difference between Jewish religion and the other religions of the ANE. As time passed this pendulum began to swing...
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...the view that if God is a God of love then why would He send people to hell to be tormented forever. Some even think that if God would send people to hell then He is cruel and vindictive and thus is no better than Satan. But the question we have to ask ourselves is this. If God is love and sin opposes God then why would He not punish us for our wrong doing? We can view God’s relationship to humanity like a parent child relationship. When I child does wrong and goes unpunished what will that child turn out to be like in society? Will they be a respected person or a person that is devoted to crime and riotous living? If God left sin unchecked it would not be just or right. Because God is righteous and just He has to deal with sin and because he is holy sin cannot stand in His presence. God does not send people to hell because he wants to in fact it is just the opposite the Bible tells us that “The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance.” (2 Peter 3:9 KJV) So obviously God does not desire that any man spend eternity in hell but the person who refuses to accept the Lord Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord and the work that he accomplished on the cross then that will be their eternal resting place. Why was hell created? “God created hell, a real place where real people will suffer real punishment for a real eternity.” So if God created hell as...
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...supports the existence of God. The ontological argument used for the existence of God was fist constructed in the Proslogion of Saint Anselm, the Archbishop of Canterbury. The ontological argument is concerned with the nature and relations of being. It attempts to answer questions like “What is real?” Anselm’s ontological proof tends to answer the question of whether or not God is real. In this argument, Anselm defines God as “which nothing greater can be conceived,” which can also be understood as God as perfect. God is defined as “the greatest possible being” in this argument. God too is said to have perfect power : omnipotence. There arises the question if God can create a round square. Can this God bend the rules of logic? But it can be said that God is only omnipotent to the greatest possible extent. Also, in this argument it claims that God cannot do what is logically impossible, but he can do anything that can be done. To conclude, it comes down from “God is omnipotent and can do literally anything,” to “God is omnipotent to the greatest possible extent.” Chapter 2 In this St. Aquinas’ cosmological argument for the existence of God, it is constructed in 5 proofs. First is the argument from motion which talks about, from his observations from Aristotle that concluded from common observation that an object that is in motion is put into motion by another object or force. From this, St. Thomas believes that there must have been an unmoved mover (God) who first put things in...
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