...Crisis impact Central Banks in terms of gold purchasers? Introduction What had started in the US transmitted itself around the globe causing major uncertainly and panic, the Financial Crisis, which began in mid-2007, was the first major recession of its kind since the Great Depression of the 1930’s. Most of the developed and developing economies of the world felt the full force of it, causing major declines in financial assets, both traditional ones such as equities and newly-developed ones such as mortgage-backed securities. For two decades prior to the Global Financial Crisis, central banks around the world were net sellers of gold, however, since then, the central banks have begun to buy gold. In a video entitled Gold and silver game changer, Michael Maloney uses the 2008 and 2009 CPM Gold yearbooks to illustrate the “the biggest shift in the bull market since the 70’s”, where in 2009, central banks were expected to sell some 4 million ounces of gold; instead, when the 2009 real numbers came in, they had purchased 15 million ounces. This shift in purchasers has come about due to the distrust central banks place on the US dollar, the major currency in the world and the metal’s ability to act as a ‘safe haven’ in times of economic volatility. Golds distinctive properties and its distinction to fiat currencies make it an attractive investment for anyone’s reserve portfolio, especially during times of economic downturn. Table 1 CPM 2010 Gold yearbook Sources of data All of...
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...Canadian mining- Impact of cost inflation and volatility and the road ahead Introduction With a 9.8% share of Canada’s GDP, the mining sector is critical to the future of the Canadian economy (Deloitte Report). Unfortunately, rising cost inflation, unprecedented volatility in commodity and energy prices and a strong Canadian dollar have negatively impacted the performance of this sector over the last year. This report seeks to uncover the drivers behind cost inflation and evaluate the hedging strategies utilized by Canadian companies to mitigate volatility through a case study of Barrick Gold. We will also examine the impact of tightening margins on the capital expenditure decisions of this company. Part 1: Cost Inflation Cost inflation in the mining industry has been driven by increases in both Operational expenses and Capital expenditures. Operational expenses have been driven by three factors 1) Wage Increases 2) Energy Costs and 3) Supply cost increases. Wages in this industry have increased dramatically over the past 10 years and the Canadian mining industry now boasts the highest wages of all industrial sectors in Canada. The average weekly pay for a mining worker in 2011 was $1,436, which surpassed the earnings of workers in forestry, manufacturing, finance and construction by 47%, 46%, 35% and 32% respectively (DELOITTE REPORT) Source: Mining Association of Canada – 2012 Facts & Figures Report http://www.mining.ca/www/media_lib/MAC_Documents/P...
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...Chapter – I INTRODUCTION 1.Introduction of Project Work : Why Commodity Futures? ADVANTAGES OF FUTURES MARKET TO ITS VARIOUS PARTICIPANTS Stockiest / Jewelers / Farmers | | Traders, Jobbers & Arbitragers | * Can hedge their underlying * Get an extensive market * Can get loan against Warehouse Receipts | | Trading Opportunity | Investment Opportunity | Corporates | | Additional Advantage | * Can hedge by offsetting product exposure * Can hedge by parking only margin amount * Can buy goods without agents with Quality Assurance | | Spread Trading Opportunity | Arbitrage Opportunity | TABLE-1.1 Why Indian Commodity Exchange? India is essentially a commodity based economy constituting of Agriculture, Energy, Precious Metals and Base Metals. Couple of unique features / advantage seen in our exchanges, which is not seen elsewhere, are: 1. Timings: Our Trade timings are well matched with Global Market timings. 2. Number of commodities: Nowhere in the world more than 8 to 10 commodities are traded in a single exchange, but our exchanges are successfully managing over 40 commodities individually. Why Sharekhan? Superior & Consistant Research Performance of…. 1. Cutting Edge Analysis of Major Commodities 2. Relevent Analysis of Market News & Information 3. Sound Technical Analysis for Short Term Trends 4. Special Reports such as… * Hedge Solutions: To offset Product Exposure...
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...Gold Fundamental Report February 2012 Disclaimer This report has been prepared by the Knowledge Management Department of NCDEX Limited for the purpose of information dissemination. The facts are reported from publications and have not been checked for authenticity. NCDEX and its employees will not be responsible for any decision taken by the reader based on this report and are adv advised to take independent advise on the commodity(is) dealt in this report . For more information contact Ashwin Dilip Vidhate Knowledge Management Group NCDEX Ltd. ashwin.vidhate@ncdex.com +91 022 6640 6836 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Gold supply ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Gold supply: Indian scenario............................................................................................................................................................ 14 3. Gold demand ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Gold demand: Indian scenario ..................................................
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...Trends in the Market for Silver Submitted by: Chhavi Singhal I.D. No. 2131 I Year B.A. LL.B. (Hons) Submitted on: 7th August, 2014 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 Chapter 1 – THE SILVER MARKET: GLOBAL DEMAND AND SUPPLY 4 A) GLOBAL DEMAND FOR SILVER 4 B) GLOBAL SUPPLY FOR SILVER 8 Chapter 2 – Indian silver market on the globe 10 Chapter 3: PRICE TRENDS 12 2005-2009: An overview 14 2010-11: The Highs 15 2012-13: The Lows 16 The Future 17 Conclusion 18 Bibliography 19 Books 19 Articles 19 Websites 19 INTRODUCTION Silver is one of the most versatile metals available. In historical times it was used as a currency. Used as both an industrial metal and a hard asset, it plays double duty in the commodities market. It has also become an investment vehicle which provides a safe haven from the unpredictable stocks and bonds. Trading it and predicting its price is a careful balancing act between what consumers need and what the currency market demands. The objective of the paper is to study the demand and supply mechanism for the silver market. Due to the dynamic nature of the market, the demand and supply forces keep changing due to various reasons; the author has tried to find the same. The author has further tried to study the implications of the demand and supply on the price trends. The research and analysis primarily gives a broad description of the current trends in the market for silver. The paper examines only the spot prices and...
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...Relationship among Inflation, Gold Price and US Dollar Abstract: This paper proposes a cointegration analysis method to explore the relationship among inflation, gold price and US dollar, using weekly, monthly data. With the VAR model, the three time series are formed to present the volatility of variables and the long-term equilibrium relationship. The Granger Causality test will proof whether each variable can be used to improve causality of another variable in the dynamics of the VAR model. Then OLS approach is extended to model estimation. Using ADF Unit root test, the stationary of each time series is verified. Last, I will take cointegration analysis to provide a specific estimation of the model. As is discussed above, I will draw the conclusion that the inflation rate can be forecast by gold price and US dollar. [pic] Key Words: inflation, CPI, gold price, US dollar I INTRO 1. Introduction: There are many factors contributing to the change of gold price. Among all the factors, inflation rate and US dollar draw the most attention. Although the gold price had been rising before August 1971, we take this as the start point for this rally since it marks the date the US government informed the IMF that the US dollar would no longer be convertible into gold. This consequently led to the collapse of one of the main pillars of the 1944 Bretton Woods system. During the long term in which gold price changed in the opposite...
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...Gold Price Forecast 2010 Predictions and Estimates from Multiple Analysts Goldman Sachs Gold Price Forecast — 2010 - $1,350 per ounce — 2011 - $1425 per ounce time Gold prices drop. — Stagflation 1 2 1 2 3 The Gold price forecast for the year 2010 has been covered by multiple analysts. Here is their consensus: As of December 3rd 2009, Goldman Sachs predicted these average prices: The reasons given for the estimates are as follows: Canaccord Adams Gold Estimation Bank of Nova Scotia Gold Analysis — Double-dipped recession Prediction of rising inflation — Near term outlook is $1,300 per ounce Natixis Price Per Ounce Prediction December 3rd 2009 brought about these guesses from Canaccord Adams: The reasons they feel the price of Gold will trade at these values are: Global stimulus packages are devaluing currency Gold becoming a popular way to both hedge and invest — Inflation or deflation — Dollar or bond crisis Low interest rates in 2010, expected near zero, will provide support for Gold. The price of Gold has a gamut of forecast ranges for 2010. A compilation of the predictions and estimates are listed below. On November 25th 2009, Natixis revealed their estimate on Gold prices in 2010 to be $950 per ounce. 2009 they released a range from $850 to $1,400 as the possible price per ounce the following year. economical woes. These are some of the caveats they see possibly coming: On one hand they felt that developing nations might prefer to invest in Gold as opposed to currency...
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...silver and gold to serve as a measure of all commodities. Gold had played an important role for many centuries in a way or another until the end of Bretton Wood. After the collapse of Bretton Wood’s system fiat money and a floating rate exchange system have taken place in the monetary system. Fiat money is created out of nothing by the power of an issuing authority. With the spread of Islam, the dinar was minted in large quantities and gradually displaced the bezant gold coin as the major international currency, circulating throughout the Muslim world and the Christian Europe as well. The creation of dirhams and dinars is one of the blessings of Allah. They are stones having no intrinsic usufruct or utility but all human being needs them because everybody needs large number of commodities. The needs to revisit the gold dinar as a monetary stability has been voiced out by many scholars and ulama’s since 1970s. The resistance towards the interest economy could be the major motivation for the comeback of gold dinar. The prohibition of interest is not only mentioned in the Quran but the Bible and Torah. The gold prices are indeed relatively stable compared to other commodity prices, exchange rate movement and the stock market index. Manipulation of currencies and the impact toward one economy could be reduced because of the fact that gold does not inflate in value as it is a commodity and, thus has an intrinsic value. The counterfeiting would be checked if gold coin were...
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...oldPrice Forecast 2013 Predictions and Estimates from Multiple Analysts The Gold price forecast for the year 2013 has been covered by multiple analysts. Here is their consensus: While the price of Gold has a gamut of forecast ranges for 2013, most experts remain bullish on the yellow metal for the year, though some have scaled back their estimates slightly over the past few months. A compilation of their predictions are listed below. Bank of America Merrill Lynch In a December 2012 report, Bank of America Merrill Lynch stated that Gold would average $2,000 in 2013, with the metal climbing to $2,400 in 2014. “Large-scale policy easing by the U.S. Federal Reserve and European Central Bank positions Gold as a useful hedge against global macro and inflation risks taking the commodity to $2000/ oz levels”, said the bank. The bank added that, “We have a sixmonth [Gold price] target of $2000 an ounce, but see scope as well for prices to rise to $2400 an ounce by the end of 2014. These targets reflect our view that the Fed will maintain mortgage purchases until the end of 2014 and will move to buy Treasuries following the end of Operation Twist in December 2012.” BNP Paribas BNP Paribas expects Gold to average $1,865 an ounce for the year. “Market sentiment towards Gold has been much more uncertain in 2012 than was the case in previous years. Yet, we expect Gold to achieve a new record high in 2013 due to further monetary easing, less tail risk related to a breakup of the euro...
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...having agriculture based civilization: irrigation, a transportation route for trade, and a source of consumption. The Yellow River also flooded annually, creating a fertile field for crops. (Zhuang, Y., & Kidder, T. R). B. Yellow River Valley civilization flourished with the Yellow River and developed its own unique tea culture. The Yellow River got its name from the color of water it carries, which is rich in nutrients and discolors the water. The nutrients make the water great for farming but not for drinking, due to its strong earthy taste. Tea became a main trading commodity between ancient China and Tibet. Chinese caravans would carry tea from the southern part of China to Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, to trade for horses (JenkinsMark, 2010). This route was called the Ancient Tea Route/Cha-ma-go-do, a literal translation is “Tea Horse High Road.” Buddhism from China spread to Tibet along with the tea and Tibetan Buddhism was born. Ancient Tea Route later became a cornerstone of the Silk Road that connected the East and the West. C. Two significant environmental factors that influenced the development of the United States are the Mississippi river and the California Gold Rush. The Mississippi river provided a water network system of transportation....
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...formerly closely-held corporation had to undergo some rapid changes. Today De Beers maintains its monopoly power through marketing activities such as active advertising, e.g. the millennial campaign which was the company’s first attempt to brand gems, to sell a “De Beers diamond” rather than a regular diamond. De Beers tries to remove substitutes for its product and to make it unique in order to increase its market power. The possible substitutes for diamonds can be emeralds, rubies and sapphires. If people view them as diamond’s substitute, De Beer’s market power will be relatively little. On the other hand, if the company tries to increase the price for its product, some people can switch to other gemstones. That’s why De Beer’s makes so much effort to distinguish its product from any others and to support its image of a scarce and unique product. De Beers supports a symbiotic relationship between production and sales. The formation of a single marketing channel contributed to the diamonds price increase. In the past two and a half decades, rough diamonds have out-performed commodities such as gold, oil, and aluminum. Also the diamond prices have been...
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...Price Forecast 2013 Predictions and Estimates from Multiple Analysts The Gold price forecast for the year 2013 has been covered by multiple analysts. Here is their consensus: While the price of Gold has a gamut of forecast ranges for 2013, most experts remain bullish on the yellow metal for the year, though some have scaled back their estimates slightly over the past few months. A compilation of their predictions are listed below. Bank of America Merrill Lynch In a December 2012 report, Bank of America Merrill Lynch stated that Gold would average $2,000 in 2013, with the metal climbing to $2,400 in 2014. “Large-scale policy easing by the U.S. Federal Reserve and European Central Bank positions Gold as a useful hedge against global macro and inflation risks taking the commodity to $2000/ oz levels”, said the bank. The bank added that, “We have a sixmonth [Gold price] target of $2000 an ounce, but see scope as well for prices to rise to $2400 an ounce by the end of 2014. These targets reflect our view that the Fed will maintain mortgage purchases until the end of 2014 and will move to buy Treasuries following the end of Operation Twist in December 2012.” BNP Paribas BNP Paribas expects Gold to average $1,865 an ounce for the year. “Market sentiment towards Gold has been much more uncertain in 2012 than was the case in previous years. Yet, we expect Gold to achieve a new record high in 2013 due to further monetary easing, less tail risk related to a breakup of the euro...
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...Economics Project Effect of Inflation on Household Budget Submitted by- Chander Prabh Jain (14109035) Vasu Singla (14109050) Vikrant Das (14109007) Arpit Dhiman (14109006) Dhruva Gupta (14109010) Branch-Production Contents Pg 3…………………………………………………………….Abstract Pg 4……………………………………………………………..What is inflation? Pg 4 – 6………………………………………………………….Types of inflation Pg 6 -7 ………………………………………………………….Causes of inflation Pg 8………………………………Measurement of inflation and issues encountered Pg 10-11……………………………………………………………Factors affecting demand Pg12 - 13……………………………………………………………..Factors affecting supply Pg 14-15………………………………………How Can Government Control Inflation? Pg 16-19…………………………………………………Effect of inflation on various sectors Pg20-21…………………………………………………………..Literature review Pg22-23………………………………………………Needs, Objectives and Methodology Pg24……………………………………………………………...
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...problems - Many litigations - “Gold box”: online design tools - Diversification of products and commercial tools. • 2005 = GROWTH - Growing revenue of 24% but decreasing of the profit margins - Strategic partnerships (Marks & Spencers) - Assortment of acquisitions (BookSurge) - High ranking in customer satisfaction survey (2nd) - Drugstore become a competitor - Hire product expert - Development of various facilities: Toxona... • 2006 = DECREASE - Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) - Alexa Internet (a subsidiary of Amazon) launched the Alexa Top Sites Service - Amazon Connect: allow authors to send messages to the readers - Start competition on the digital music market (Apple’s market) - Amazon “gold standard” in customer satisfaction for online shopping - Stay focus on global expansion (strategic plan) - Diminution of the turnover due to an unfavorable lawsuit against ToysRus.com - Negative impact on share price ($ 35 in 2006; highest value in 1999 $106,69,lowest $5.97 in 2001) - Strategy on three pillars, called “Customer Experience Pillars” which encompasses: Innovation-Selection-Price-Convenience - Opportunities: development of Internet, Asian market (3.6 billion inhabitants and about 56.4% of the world population) 2. What do you consider to be Amazon’s unique resources and strategic capabilities? a/ Amazon’s unique resources: As a online...
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...This research paper will mainly focuses on commodity fetishism described by Marx. According to Marx, it is the requirement or longing for a product or commodity placed on its societal position with Nonchalance to cost or basic reason. Label is something which represent everything in today's materialistic culture. Societal position, on occasion, is built up in view of the things you possess, the extent of your house, the make of your automobiles and so forth. Commodity Fetishism depends on the hypothesis of products with an evident supernatural quality. Marx trusted that a good could stay oversimplified in view of it’s use-value. But once a product was linked to a quoted price or somehow it includes, money, it turned into a result...
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