...Grace Reynolds Hum 2210 Pennington Scholar Group 2 Journal Essay #4 Ignorance Is Bliss The fact that many Americans believe that Muslims and the Arab world are ignorant speaks more to our lack of understanding of other cultures inside and outside of America than it does the merits or accomplishments of those cultures. History has shown that the Islamic culture and Arab world is anything but ignorant. The quest for a new Islamic world began in the early 7th century and was a militarily and societal effort to spread the religion and culture of Islam. Invading Islamic armies found once powerful, but now depleted and war weary empires ripe for the sacking; utilizing both land and sea assaults to conquer port and city targets. Within 100 years of the fall of Mecca, Islam had spread across much of the Middle East, North Africa and Spain, sparking the Golden Age of Islam. Islamic society in newly conquered lands was advanced by creating city centers that helped build a sense of community for its citizens. Mosques were built and used as social, economic, and educational gathering places. Also functioning as governmental and administrative faculties, mosques literally served all aspects of daily life. This virtually insured the religion influenced all who interacted within the mosque community. Later, teaching colleges called Madrasas were attached to the mosques in order to teach the Qur’an as well as other disciplines, including mathematics and the sciences...
Words: 510 - Pages: 3
...ESSAYS: 2. What does the Persian poet-astronomer mean when he writes the following: “And do you think that unto such as you A maggot-minded, starved, fanatic crew God gave a secret, and denied it me? Well, well—what matters it? Believe that, too!” Ghiyāth ad-Dīn Abu'l-Fatḥ Umar ibn Ibrāhīm al-Khayyām Nīshāpūrī was a Persian philosopher, poet, scientist, and astronomer of 11th century. Khayyam was a very knowledgeable polymath, but what made this fierce and sensitive philosopher famous was his words especially in his Rubbiayat that shows his philosophical poets on human condition. He did not dislike Islam or he was not against Islam or Muhammad, but he disliked Muslims who held too much to the words of Quran rather than being a little logical and reasonable. Khayyam was rationalist philosopher who attracted a lot of people for his knowledge, but some Muslims disliked him, because he knew a lot more than them. Moreover, fundamentalist Muslims were not only persecuting such knowledgeable people but also murdering them; they were watching innocent people suffer. Khayyam was only defending rationalism, and that’s why he always had a voice of protest in his poems against the unjust world that the some contemporary Muslims created; he was only opposing their nightmarish beliefs. He refers to those orthodoxy Muslims as ‘maggot-minded’ that were forming a cruel and ignorant society. What those orthodoxy Muslims would mean to say to Khayyam in a question form would be ‘what is...
Words: 700 - Pages: 3
...Political origins and impact of Political Islam come from Quran and Sunna the habits of the Prophet and aspects of the political movements in other countries. Traditional political aspects of Islam compose of Shura which is based on consultation among subjects and it is also against the unjust rulers. During the Ottoman period Islam had spread throughout the world. The importance of Islamic law is that there is not enforcement against non-Muslim people. In this essay, I will explain the three concepts about Political Islam which is origins of Islam, Islamic states and impact of political Islam by giving specific examples from medieval and current Islamic thinkers and leaders. Introduction From the beginning, political movements of Islam...
Words: 2354 - Pages: 10
...A Brief Study of Magick (The infamous occultist and writer Alistair Crowley added a 'k' onto the word 'magic' in order to distinguish it from the illusion kind of magic. This essay deals with magick associated with the occult and esoteric philosophies so I will be doing the same.) Magick can be broadly defined as the practice of manipulating, experiencing, influencing and understanding the world using symbols, rituals and language as a part an esoteric tradition. The practise of magick has existed since the earliest human cultures, in very early texts magick was described as the practise of 'the art' (The Mindscape of Alan Moore 2005), this can be taken literally. Northampton writer and magician Alan Moore proposes 'art and magick are indistinguishable' (The Mindscape of Alan Moore 2005). Taking this view, every act of creation can be seen as a magical act; something from nothing, you have nothing, there is an idea, then the finished painting. Alan Moore's decision to become a magician was one he described as 'a logical end step in my career as a writer.' Alan elaborates; 'a grimoire (book of spells) is just an ancient way of saying grammar and to cast a spell is simply to spell, magick is largely a science of language' (The Mindscape of Alan Moore 2005). When one reads a poem, book or watches a television program we want whatever the stimuli is to raise our consciousness in a certain direction, this...
Words: 984 - Pages: 4
...4 March: City of God – Utopian Reader – include a little bit on it – 22 volumes in all. Christianity – Augustine – classicly trained greek scholar. City in north Africa. Story like apostle Paul – orginially a person who persecuted Christians – north African wealth family from – found enlightenment in Christianity. Once he joined became one of the early scholars trained in greek – regulized Christian theology. Influence on western world – top four or five who influenced. Confessions and City of God his writings…look up! What’s the purpose of improving human society – complex – why do it? Can human society be made better? Why bother, what is the point, justification? Takes effort, misery involved, change, unknowns, takes energy, takes risks. HAPPINESS – justification for improving society. What do you have to have to be happy? What is happiness – PHI 101 – happiness according to whom? Lack of misery; literally the elimination of misery. Secondly, food – gives pleasure – Happiness is lack of human misery and maximizing /pleasure and happiness. Bliss 24/7 – hedonism Epicureanism – eliminating misery and maximizing happiness. The justification of utopianism = why did plato want the republic? Justisifcation for improving human society among the Greeks? Poor always poor, always unhappy, death claims everyone - it is rational to maximize pleasure and eliminate misery. Do eternally accouding to plato. Opinions – 1. Relativism is a retreat in the 20th century. Can’t...
Words: 44275 - Pages: 178
...SILVER DIRHAM: ISLAM AND THE FUTURE OF MONEY Imrān N. Hosein MASJID JĀMI’AH CITY OF SAN FERNANDO TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 1 Published by Masjid Jāmi’ah, City of San Fernando. 76 Mucurapo Street, San Fernando. Trinidad and Tobago. Imrān N. Hosein 2007 Free downloads of several books written by this author are available at his website: www.imranhosein.org Online purchases of the author’s books and DVDs of lectures can be made at: www.ummahzone.com Books and DVDs of lectures can also be ordered from the distributor: Al-Tasneem Sdn. Bhd. 35-1, 1st Floor Jalan Melati Utama 4, Melati Utama Setapak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: 603 – 4107 2999 Fax: 603 – 4108 9815 Email: tasneem@streamyx.com The author would welcome comments on this booklet emailed to him at: ihosein@tstt.net.tt; or inhosein@hotmail.com 2 CONTENTS Preface Chapter One: Chapter Two: Chapter Three: Chapter Four: Introduction Money in the Qur’ān and Sunnah The Grand Design The Grand Design and the Judeo-Christian Alliance Chapter Five: Notes Our Response 3 PREFACE I am happy that this booklet was written here in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, a city which has been so kind and hospitable to me over the years, and was completed in blessed Ramadān 1428H while I am still engaged in a year-long Islamic lecture-tour, and far away from the comforts of my home in the Caribbean island of Trinidad. A writer who writes a book while travelling, as many distinguished scholars of Islam have done in our...
Words: 10748 - Pages: 43
...THE INFLUENCE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION ON BRITISH ROMANTIC POETS English Literature III Vítor Moura Introduction The French Revolution marks a turning point in world history and it is often said that it changed politics forever. Therefore, it is no surprise that its importance also reached the main literary movement of that time. Although not all of the poets were directly influenced by the Revolution, some of them were affected indirectly by the mood that ran across Europe. In this essay I will show that connection, influence and involvement between those writers and the revolutions; the one that happened in France and the one that could have happened in England. First Generation Romantic Poets First of all, it is essential to understand what the French Revolution was and why it happened. Without going into the details, we can say that it started in 1989 in an attempt to overthrow the monarchy in France and replace it with a republic. After a period of three years of tension and indecision, a republic was proclaimed in 1892 and in the following year King Louis XVI was decapitated. This was followed by the dictatorship of Robespierre and the Jacobins, the Directorate, and culminating in Napoleon Bonaparte’s dictatorship. The Revolution shook Europe all over defying order and everything old; it gave birth to new ideas that inspired European society, from music to philosophy and literature. Meanwhile, on the other side of the English Channel, the empire was being...
Words: 2276 - Pages: 10
...advantage, usually in one's own interest, and often at the expense of others. Cheating implies the breaking of rules. Cheating is a primordial economic act: getting more for less, often used when referring to marital infidelity.3 Cheating is when a person misleads, deceives, or acts dishonestly on purpose.17 Cheating fundamentally includes several elements of both lying and stealing, with specific motivations to gain something of value by illegitimate means. That is why lying and stealing are discussed before cheating. Cheating is lying and/or stealing with the intention for acquiring something for more than merely the "pleasure" of fooling or depriving others. Children Cheating as a concept is not understood by children until around age seven. Preschoolers often change the rules to a game as they play, innocent of the fact that rules must remain consistent to have any meaning. By seven, however, children have gained an understanding of rules, fairness, and honesty, and cheating then becomes intentional.16 As with lying andstealing, cheating is a social exercise, whose negative consequences must be experienced...
Words: 19938 - Pages: 80
...HUM 2210: Humanities: The Foundations, Ref # 425943, Online- Fall 2016/A16 Welcome! Welcome, students! Welcome and thank you for enrolling in this course! I hope you will enjoy the course and take what you learn with you as world citizens. For some, this may be your first online course. If you are not a computer whiz, I think you will find that everything is simple to use and easy to navigate. There are also ways to get help if you have a problem.* Please take a few minutes to read the syllabus in its entirety. Exploring all the topics in this syllabus and related links will help you succeed in this course, so use the syllabus to keep yourself organized and informed of course requirements. I look forward to working with each and every one of you! Professor Information Professor: Jenny Ohayon Virtual Office Hours: By appointment only Office Location: Online only using Skype. My Skype address is: prof_o. Virtual Contact Methods: The best way to contact me is in the question forum in our Discussion Board. You may also make a Skype appointment by emailing me to establish a day and time to meet online. If it is a personal matter, or confidential, email me at the following address. Professor Email: johayon@fscj.edu Instructor Response You can anticipate responses to inquiries and questions during week-days within 24 - 48 hours of receipt. Campus Information This online course is offered by the Florida State College at Jacksonville...
Words: 5195 - Pages: 21
...ENGLISH ESSAYS Free Exclusive and Advanced Collection of English Essays. HOME ESSAYS LIST COLLEGE ESSAYS LIST LETTERS APPLICATIONS STORIES TENSES IN URDU IDIOMS MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY POEMS SELECT LANGUAGE SEARCH Select Language ▼ Search MY FIRST DAY AT COLLEGE MY FIRST DAY AT COLLEGE OR MY FIRST IMPRESSION OF THE COLLEGE Points: Introduction – My first day at college – New atmosphere – Conclusion. My first day at college is an important event of my life. To me it is an unforgettable day. During my school days. I had a glimpse of college life from my elder brothers and sisters. I was most curiously awaiting the day when I would start my college life. I thought that the college life would offer me a free life; here restrictions would be few and threat of teachers would be little. At last the longed for day came in. I was admitted to the Government College of my city. I entered the college premises with new hopes and aspirations. I was glad to see that the college presented a new sight. It was quite different from what I had seen in and around our school. I came across many unknown faces. SELECT ESSAY TOPICS College Essays (182) Grammar (2) High Level Essays (36) Pakistan (26) Poems (2) I had some very strange experiences on the first day of my college life. I was baffled to see students playing indoor and outdoor games and enjoying radio programmes during class-hours. There is no restriction of uniform. I observed that the students are free in their movements...
Words: 2318 - Pages: 10
...Conscience is a product of upbringing. Discuss. The idea that childhood is a product of upbringing is supported by secular approaches from Piaget, Freud and Fromm, in inferring the idea that conscience has nothing to do with religion; rather it is to do with upbringing. However there are responses to these secular approaches coming from Newman, Aquinas and Butler who infer the idea that conscience is a voice from God, a God given ability or a natural guide to decision making. This essay will assess both approaches and their weigh them up based on their coherence. * Piaget- learned Piaget put forward the idea that conscience is learned. He was a developmental psychologist who studied the behaviour of children. He theorised that children go through different stages in their understanding of the world around them, and it is not till the age of 10 that young people have fully developed a sense of morality. This scientific approach is very plausible because it is based on observations, and makes predictions that can be tested. For instance, you can describe two different situations to a six year old, one of which is lying causing a minor consequence and the other is someone causing a very negative consequence. The latter would 'make mummy more cross' for a six year old, because their understanding is that something is bad if it hurts people. If you ask an older child, they would say the parent would be more cross with the child who told a lie. This shows that conscience for Piaget...
Words: 1480 - Pages: 6
...Biasness in Scientific Knowledge | Social Sciences | Jalil Ahmed Siddiqui | Table of Contents Introduction: 3 Some Major Terms: 3 Methodology: 3 Why am I doing this? 4 What is Biasness? 4 Types of Biasness: 5 Why is there Biasness? 6 Am I Biased? and My Justification 7 Why is Scientific Research Done? 7 Effects of Science on Our Society 8 Can Science be Biased? 8 How can Science Effect Us by being biased? 9 Biasness In Scientific Knowledge-Due to Religion 9 1 : Islam and Science Religious orthodoxy battle rationality By Pervaiz Hoodbhoy 10 Conclusion 13 References 14 Biasness In Scientific Knowledge Introduction: Biasness in scientific knowledge is the topic of hot discussion. if we can find out the extent up to which scientific knowledge is biased then we can find out the reliability of scientific knowledge. The biasness in it tells us the authenticity of scientific knowledge and clears out the fact that whether a scientific theory or law or any other scientific paper is actually the facts which science claims itself to consist of or they are just some scientists opinion aimed , not to clear and find out facts, but to publish and transfer his own thoughts in to the society. Some Major Terms: 1-What is Science - * Origin from Old French, from Latin scientia, from scire 'know'. [1] * According to Oxford Dictionary word science means "The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure...
Words: 6232 - Pages: 25
...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
Words: 16161 - Pages: 65
...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
Words: 16161 - Pages: 65
...UNRAVELLING THE NORTH-SOUTH DIVIDE DISCUSSION GROUP IV Content Page Content Page 1. Introduction.…………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.1 Methodology…………………………………………………………………. 3 2. North-South Divide 2.1 Language Binary..…………………………………………………………….. 2.1.1 Northern Indians, Sanskrit, Hindi and Influence of English.………..4 2.1.2 Northern Indians, Sanskrit, Punjabi and Influence of English………4 2.1.3 Southern Indians, Tamil and Influence of English….…………...…. 5 2.1.4 Southern Indians, Telugu and Influence of English…………………6 2.2 Religious Binary.………..………………….………………………………… 7 2.2.1 Hinduism ………….……………………………………………….. 7 2.2.2 Islam.………….……………………………………………………. 12 2.2.3 Inter-religious Interaction.…….…….……………………………… 13 2.2.4 Evaluation..…………………………………………………………. 13 2.3 Economic Binary.………………………………....…………………..……… 14 2.3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………… 14 2.3.2 Indians in Colonial Singapore……………………………………… 14 2.3.3 During Japanese Occupation……………………………………….. 17 2.3.4 Post War to Present Day Singapore………………………………… 17 2.4 Cultural Binary.………………………………………………………………. 18 2.4.1 Word “Raga”.………………………………………………………. 19 2.4.2 South Indian Music…………………………………………….…… 21 3. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………….…….. 23 4. Bibliography …………………………………………………………….……………... 26 5. Appendix A…………………………………………………………….……………….. 28 1. Introduction India, the second most populous country in the world, is home to a rich diversity...
Words: 5972 - Pages: 24
