...Central Luzon State University College of Arts and Sciences Department of Psychology The Golden Ratio: Reference of Beauty Submitted to: Nixon Agaser Submitted by: Jam Shimei I. Gamboa Jeanne R. Dadufalza Eden Leigh Pagoso Micah A. Montes The Golden Ratio: Reference of Beauty Beauty has been defined as a combination of qualities that give pleasure to the senses or to the mind. It is a philosophical concept, the aspects of which are studied under the term aesthetics, derived from the Greek word for perception (aisthesis). Aesthetics, therefore, is the study of beauty and, to a lesser extent, it’s opposite the ugly. It involves both the understanding and evaluation of beauty, proportions and symmetry. The assessment of facial beauty is immersed in subjectivity and therefore leans towards the world of art. Facial proportions and facial balance, however, can be measured and therefore fit somewhere between art and science. Aesthetics itself is now essentially a science in the formation, although obviously with a very strong philosophical and artistic background (Naini, et al. 2008.) According to Jang (2014) it is becoming clear that there is a science to beauty. Extensive research has shown that we have similar ideas about what constitutes a beautiful face. When British researchers asked women to rate pictures of various men, their choices were identical. When a group including English, Chinese, and Indians were asked to choose a “good looking” face from a selection of racially...
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...proportion is most closely related to the principle of scale in architectural design. Both of these principles relate to the relative size of the element or composition. The difference between the two principles is: • Proportion refers to the size relationships of elements within the overall composition. It is the specific relationship that provides the sense of proportion. The proportional ratio may be of a mathematical format or it may be relative to aspects of nature. • Scale refers to the actual size of a specific element. Scale may involve the perceived size relationship of two specific items, elements to the whole or the whole to the viewer. Figure 51: Building Proportions, St. Maria del Fiore, Florence Our culture provides us with two...
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...Running head: Golden Mean Golden Mean: Mathematical and Real-World Analysis Abstract The following document studies the importance of the mathematical Golden Mean and how it relates to real-world applications, and its importance in mathematics for solving problems. Team C first puts the Golden Mean to use in real-world application solving a problem, and follows up with a brief history of the Golden Mean, what it does, where it applies, and how it works. Researched findings on the Golden Mean have been collaborated and discussed in an attempt to fully understand its importance and function. The Golden Mean a=1 b=? Length =1 1b=1+ 61 Multiply by LCD (b) to remove fractions, and you get 1=b2+b b2+b-1=0 (Isolate zero by moving one to the other side of the equation) b=-b±b2-4ac2a Where ab2+bb+c=0 b=-1±(1)2-41(-1)2(10 b=-1+52 b=.618034 1+.6180341= 1.618034 a=1.618034. The Golden Ratio has been used throughout history. Discovered in 1200 AD, this equation can be found in art, architecture, nature, geometry, and the human body. “The Golden Ratio, also known as the divine proportion, Golden Mean, or golden section, is a number produced when taking the ratios of distances in simple geometric figures such as the pentagon, pentagram, decagon, and dodecahedron. The Golden Ratio also happens to be denoted using the symbol, or sometimes using the symbol ” (Golden Mean/Ratio, 2013, p. 1). “Leonardo Fibonacci discovered a simple mathematical sequence that...
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...A Study of Phi and its Importance in Human Choices Concerning Beauty By: Anthony McCabe Abstract This paper aims to answer what Phi is, where it is found in nature, and how it affects humans concerning our search for beauty. This is done through graphically and mathematically finding Phi, and identifying its unique properties. The history of Phi is explored, and its usage in the past is covered. Phi is then applied to nature, through its presence in the Golden Angle, nature, and architecture. Phi is then explored in human nature, when it comes to our physique and psychological choices. This leads to a conducted survey showing human wants in facial appearance, relevant to Phi. The results show a significant amount of people prefer the face closest related to Phi, supporting the hypothesis that Phi plays an important role in human beauty. Phi is found to be a mathematical phenomenon that predates even math itself, and has always been useful to societies and to nature itself. Phi is found everywhere in our world and makes objects and patterns seem more elegant because of its presence. This is relevant to humans as well, as, concerning beauty, Phi is a powerful measurement that psychologically attracts us at our most basic and primitive levels. A Study of Phi and its Importance in Human Choices Concerning Beauty One object, one thing, can be viewed in many different ways by many different types of people. For example, a piece of wood is a tool, or a building block...
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...1. Compositional Theories of Art Composition: An orderlyarrangement of elements using the principles of design. 2. Rule of Thirds Imagine a grid that splits the frame into thirds both vertically and horizontally. Place the subject along those gridlines. The intersections of the lines are especially compelling places to position your subject.The Biglen Brothers Racing (1873) Thomas Eakins 3. Rule of Thirds Imagine a grid that splits the frame into thirds both vertically and horizontally. Place the subject along those gridlines. The intersections of the lines are especially compelling places to position your subject.The Biglen Brothers Racing (1873) Thomas Eakins 4. The GoldenRectangleBased on theGolden Ratio,aka the DivineProportion, amathematicallydevelopedformula,observed oftenin nature andapplied toarchitecture andin art. 5. The Mona Lisa (1503-1519) Leonardo da Vinci 6. The Rule of Odds Having an odd number of things in a composition means your eye and brain cant pair them up or group them easily. Theres somehow always one thing left over, which keeps your eyes moving across the composition.Portrait of Charles I, King of England (1635-1636) Anthony van Dyck 7. Leading Lines Lines that guide a viewer’s eyes around, or through, the artwork are called leading lines.Provencher’s Mill at Moret (1883) Alfred Sisley 8. Strong Diagonal A strong diagonal is a form of a leading line. It can transform a boring composition into a dynamic one.Portrait of Dr....
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...[YOUR LAST NAME] 1 [YOUR NAME] [PROFESSOR’S NAME] [COURSE NAME] [DATE] Classical Sculpture Classical sculpture did not appear from nothing; its genesis was not that of Athena’s birth from the head of Zeus, but a rather more sedate process. The roots of classical sculpture are, surprisingly, to be found in Egypt. The Egyptians had highly developed sculpture, most of which had religious implications, as can be seen by the hieroglyphic inscriptions on many of the pieces (Wilkinson, 34-37). Subjects of sculptures included the numerous gods and goddesses of the Egyptian pantheon, pharoahs (who were considered divine) and slaves and other figures created for inclusion in burials; these sculptures, along with real items (e.g., chariots) would become part of the deceased’s “estate” in the afterlife (ibid., 64). The majority of Egyptian sculptures were all in the same style, regardless of whether they represented an animal-headed god, a king, or a scribe. The typical pose was frontal and standing, with the arms hanging close to the body, the hands with clenched fists, the left foot slightly advanced, and an ambiguous facial expression. It must be noted that this “typical Egyptian style” is much more a product of the Egyptian belief system and its associated symbology than the artistic imagination or technical competence of Egyptian artisans (ibid., [YOUR LAST NAME] 2 88). The influence of this Egyptian style can be seen on some of the earliest Greek sculptures, particularly those of...
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...BASIC COMPOSITION.COM VISUAL DESIGN THEORY CARP (or CRAP) PRINCIPLES Robin Williams, a visual design guru, suggests that there are four Basic Design Principles: CONTRAST, ALIGNMENT, REPETITION, and PROXIMITY CONTRAST Contrast helps us to differentiate items on a page. Use contrast to show differences between a multitude of visual elements (type, color, size, shapes, etc). Contrast helps the reader to locate items more effectively. Additionally, contrast helps the reader to see differences between visual units. The biggest items often receive the most attention. The smallest items usually receive less attention. Consider this idea when you consider contrast. EX: LARGE Small ALIGNMENT Alignment is where you place things on the page in relation to other things. Everything should be placed strategically on the page (keeping in mind the direction of the reading). For instance, in the United States mainstream culture, readers read predominately English, which requires items be assessed from left to right and top to bottom. Our attention focuses on a diagonal line which runs from the top left to the bottom right. Things in this line tend to receive more attention from readers/viewers. Considering this idea can help a person understand how some items on the page may be viewed first or last. Most Arabic cultures read things from right to left, so you may need to change your design orientation. Likewise, many Asian languages do not read from side to side, they may read top...
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...as his greatest work. In describing the painting itself it is divided into two sections, one being a burial scene of Count Orgaz in the lower half portion of the artwork, and a scene of heaven with Christ and the saints swirling overhead among thin silky clouds. The two distinct sections of this artwork give the painting two focal points, which the eyes are drawn towards. The section of the artwork depicting heaven has Christ as a focal point, he is centered at the very top of the painting with virtually every figure around him looking up with some motioning towards him. Christ is dressed in white robe, and the figures surrounding Christ vary from Saints to musicians, angles, multitudes of followers, and the Virgin Mary. The figures all seem to be swirling among silky clouds around Christ which gives each figure a distinct position and proportion in the painting, some closer up and distinctive, other more further away and faded. The burial scene directly below the heavens has the Count Orgaz as the focal point and he is positioned near the lowest part of the painting and perpendicular to Christ. The mourners around the Count Orgaz are dressed in formal coats of black and all are similarly positioned in the background. The Count Orgaz himself is richly dressed in the foreground, in plates of black armor with gold ornations, and he is being lowered by two priests who are dressed in bright golden garbs with slight patterns of red. When...
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...Sparrow Ostas Densmore October 31, 2013 2nd Block Section Summaries: Pages 14 – 32 Do A Number: This phrase relates to the sport of boxing. Coaches inform their boxer to hit the opponent x amount of times, which can be any number Three Sheets to the Wind: This phrase means “extremely drunk.” This phrase comes from ropes, which all have a different function. The math involved is “sheet” ropes, which control the horizontal movement of the sails. If three sails are loose, then the sailors are extremely drunk. The Third Degree: This phrase means that when people got interrogated for their past crimes, they got highly searched (third degree). This phrase includes the math were the members of an old ritual of Freemasonry, which were graded by degrees. The Fourth Estate: This phrase means the social ranks of the 1789 Estates-General. The first where the clergy, than the nobles, and finally the bourgeoisie (the wealthiest). But the Fourth Estate was the most influential on ordinary French people – newspapers and reporters. Fourth Wall: This phrase is a “wall” that separates a theatrical performance from the audience. But now this term is applies when a character “breaks” the fourth wall and addresses the audience directly. Five by Five: This phrase is a term for a NATO radio speak system. Signals are rated by one – five (five being the clearest and most understood signal). It is usually used to indicate that something is understood. Fifth Columnist: This phrase originally comes...
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...PHI 2301- Essay Due April 30th, 2014 at 3P.M. PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHTS Attach this sheet to the front of your paper Student Name: Meryem Hamdi Beauty objective or subjective Title: EVALUATION Written communication (6 points) Organization Needs Improvement (≤ 1 point) Satisfactory (≤ 2 point) Good (≤ 3 points) Mechanics and grammar Needs Improvement (≤ 1 point) Satisfactory (≤ 2 points) Good (≤ 3 points) Score Content (6 points) Correctness of details Inadequate (≤ 1 points) Good (≤ 2 point) Excellent (≤ 3 points) Completeness of idea Inadequate (≤ 1 points) Good (≤ 2 point) Excellent (≤ 3 points) Score TOTAL /12 Beauty objective or subjective The nature of beauty is one of the most controversial and complex themes in Western philosophy. Beauty has been among the ultimate values, with goodness, truth, and justice. “It is a major subject among different philosophers such as the ancient Greek, Hellenistic, and medieval, and was central to 18th and 19th-century thought, as represented in treatments by such thinkers as Hutcheson, Hume, Kant; Hegel, and Santayana.” Different philosophical issues concerned the objectivity and subjectivity of beauty. In other words, philosophers argued whether is beauty a property of some objects (like mass, shape, etc.) or is beauty a judgment of the mind observing the object (an emotion, feeling or evaluation). Subjective theory of beauty existed primary in the Antiquity and...
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...In our teaching of Shakespearean film adaptation to undergraduates, one of the issues that frequently arises in class discussions is the question of how the visuality of the cinematic medium is constructed in tension against the verbal nature of Shakespeare's dialogue. The tension between the visual and verbal dimensions of filming Shakespeare is created on two levels: firstly, where the poetry of Shakespeare, functioning as word pictures that stimulate and enhance the imagination of the spectator is set against the capacity of film to show rather than tell; and secondly, where the adaptation negotiates with the canonicity of the Shakespearean text through the mode of the popular.[1] One recent example is Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet (1996) in which the play was made to compete radically with what has been called Luhrmann's 'MTV'-inspired editing, pacing and styling. [2] Another is Branagh's Hamlet (1996), where the concentrated effort to retain every single line of the play created its own burden of visualisation.[3] The creative energy of a Shakespearean film adaptation is often sustained by the dynamic of creating a visual track to 'match' the play's dialogue; in other words, by the question of what images can be used to animate or do 'justice' to Shakespeare's text. Where Shakespeare on film had once been expected to retain the traits of 'high' theatre and art, complete with 'authentic' period costumes,[4] recent adaptations have become more adventurous, liberally adopting...
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...------------------------------------------------- Post–World War II economic expansion From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Golden Age of capitalism" redirects here. Other periods this term may refer to are Gilded Age and Belle Époque. In the United States and several other countries, the boom was manifested insuburban development and urban sprawl, aided by automobile ownership. Many Western governments funded large infrastructure projects during this period. Here the redevelopment of Norrmalm and theStockholm Metro, Sweden. The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of economic prosperity in the mid-20th century which occurred, following the end of World War II in 1945, and lasted until the early 1970s. It ended with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the 1973 oil crisis, and the 1973–1974 stock market crash, which led to the 1970s recession. Narrowly defined, the period spanned from 1945 to 1952, with overall growth lasting well until 1971, though there are some debates on dating the period, and booms in individual countries differed, some starting as early as 1945, and overlapping the rise of the East Asian economies into the 1980s or 1990s. During this time there was high worldwide economic growth; Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early...
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...Art History 1 – Section1303 Essay # 3 Section # 1 In video #18, Early Christian, Byzantine, and Islamic Art (Part 1), Sant’ Apollinare in Classe housed the body of Saint Apollinare. The church is adorned with intricate mosaic jewels. The basilica end is semicircular apse; mosaic covers the semicircular apse and the triumphal arch. The upper part of the apse mosaic illustrates the transfiguration of Christ on the mount is symbolically represented and the three sheep facing the jeweled cross symbolically represent his disciples Peter, James and John. The hand of God is represented by the cloud above the jeweled cross, the jeweled cross, the fish symbol in the Greek word means Jesus Christ, Son of God and alpha and omega at the side signifies that Jesus Christ is the beginning and the end. At the bottom of the jeweled cross, the word “Salus Mundi” which means salvation to the world. On each side on the blue background with the clouds are four symbols for the Evangelists, winged figures holding books. The eagle, angel, lion and ox represent John, Matthew, Mark and Luke respectively. The twelve white sheep marching towards Christ symbolizes the Apostle emerging from the doors of two cities Jerusalem and Bethlehem which signifies the Jewish and Gentile Churches. The lowest register on the triumphal arch, Archangels Michael and Gabriel are shown as celestial guards. They are shown against a golden background. The lower part of the apse shows the center of green landscape...
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...Crime Fiction: The Hard-boiled Detective In Raymond Chandler’s essay ”The Simple Art of Murder” (1944) he introduces the world to his personal definition of a true hero in a new branch of crime-fiction. The essay circulates around a new type of crime story, having the real world as its steppingstone. Contrary to the typical British so-called Golden Age Detective Fiction, this sort of crime story reflects itself in the real world, a decentred world. A world that undermines basic predicates, such as order, stability, causality and resolution. Writers who occupy themselves writing these stories strive against describing a centerless world, in order to capture reality and put it straight to paper. He describes it as, “…not a very fragrant world… but continues”…it is the world you live in.” (p. 197) Chandler singles out Dashiell Hammet as the one person who actually rescued crime fiction by bringing it back to the people, in a renewed version, that embodies life in the hard-boiled world. According to Chandler, the hero, solving crimes in a ruthless city containing only people with a perverse satisfaction of being corrupt, must be a man of certain character: “He must be a complete man and a common man and yet an unusual man.” (p. 197), saying that the detective, if necessary has to have the ability to identify himself with anyone, and simultaneously also be able to elevate himself from the general population, in order to create distance from the violence-torn local society. With...
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...and health systems, Chairman Bill Coors acknowledged that for the foreseeable future, the company's fortunes were tied to brewing. The strategy of the Brewing Division had changed drastically over the 1975-1985 period. The changes continued: in a decision that the company billed as "the most significant event of 1985 and perhaps our history," Coors announced plans to build its second brewery in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The first section of this case describes competition in the U.S. brewing industry and its structural consequences. The next two sections describe Coors's position within the industry, and the plans that it had announced for its second brewery. Competition in the U.S. Brewing Industry In 1985, Americans spent $38 billion to buy 183 million barrels of beer.1 Of their expenditure, 12% was applied to taxes, 42% to retailers' margins, 12% to wholesalers' margins, and the remainder to beer at (net) wholesale prices. Domestic producers supplied 96% of the market at an average wholesale price of $67 per barrel. The rest of this section describes the ways in which the major U.S....
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