...and why is it an important place to start when considering how to reduce data center power consumption? What value of PUE should data center managers strive for? PUE stands for Power Usage Effectiveness. It is the ratio of total facility energy to IT equipment energy. This measurement is important because it displays how effectively the company delivers power to the IT equipment. If the company is not delivering its energy effectively, they could incur a great deal of additional overhead costs. Companies want their PUE to equal or get close to 1.00. So, the PUE ratio would be 1.00/1.00=1. 2. Describe the five methods recommended by Google for reducing power consumption. 1). Measure PUE Reducing overhead by effectively distributing power and cooling. 2). Manage Airflow: Managing airflow is yet another way to reduce a data center’s energy load by reducing the mixing of hot and cold air. One way to measure this is through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) which shows where “hot spots” are located and how the airflow is directed. 3). Adjust Thermostat: By increasing the temperature and reducing the amount of energy expended on air conditioning, Google saves thousands of dollars annually. Even just increasing the temperature by a few degrees makes a huge difference in annual energy consumption. 4). Utilize Free Cooling: Using ambient temperatures outside the data center to provide free cooling and thereby reducing energy consumption. For...
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...Case: Google Data Center Efficiency Best Practices 1. What is PUE, and why is it an important place to start when considering how to reduce data center power consumption? What value of PUE should data center managers strive for? 2. Describe the five methods recommended by Google for reducing power consumption. 3. How much of the world’s global greenhouse gases are the result of computing? List several factors that will tend to retard or accelerate data center power consumption both globally and in the United States. 4. Where do you suspect that data-center power consumption will be greatest: developing and emerging economies or already developed economies? Why? 5. Imagine that a company has developed an advanced technology that allows it to reduce its data-center requirements by an unprecedented amount, and creates a competitive Power usage efficiency (PUE) is a form of measuring how efficient a data center is in using energy. PUE can be determined by a ratio of amount of power entering the data center by the amount of power used to run the computer equipment (PUE = Total Facility Energy/IT Equipment Energy). PUE provides the tool to measure how effective a data center is in utilizing energy to cool its computers equipment. Data center managers strive for a PEU of 1.0. As the PUE increases over 1.0 the less efficient the data center is in using energy to cool its computer equipment which could be very costly for the company since its overhead cost will rise...
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...1a – Google Data Center 1. What is PUE, and why is it an important place to start when considering how to reduce data center power consumption? What value of PUE should data center managers strive for? Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) is a measure to determine the energy efficiency of a data center. It is the ratio between the energy of the system and the energy of the IT equipment in the data center. TOTAL FACILITY ENERGY PUE = --------------------------------------- IT EQUIPMENT ENERGY It is the ratio of the energy supplied to the entire Data Center and the energy consumed by the IT equipment. Whether to feed the entire plant, we need twice the minimum required to own IT equipment, we have a PUE 2. It allows to calculate the efficiency of the power supply and cooling IT equipment.. A PUE of 2.0 means that for every watt of IT power, an additional watt is consumed to cool and distributes power to the IT equipment. A PUE of 1.0 is considered ideal. A closer PUE of 1.0 means that almost all the energy is used to compute. For use PUE to be effective, should be measured often. If you occasionally makes the information will not be realistic. Ideally, measured as quickly and frequently as every second way. The higher the frequency, the more significant the results. 2. Describe the five methods recommended by Google for reducing power consumption. • Measure Pue To manage the efficiency of a...
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...interpretation of privacy. It is evident, nowadays, that advancement in technology is faster than what was expected. It can also be observed that the technologies invented have contributed substantial improvements in the society as this made the lives of the people easier and better. However, it cannot be denied that it has a negative side that outweighs some of its benefits. In relation to the privacy issue mentioned above, these technological advancements create threats, specifically to the preservation of its users’ privacy. The rapid increase in the number of users can be associated with the increase of information flow globally and this heightens the risks associated with the use of such technologies. In an instance, the ease in data storage and data sharing that these new technologies offer can be used as a means in invading someone’s personal information. Furthermore, the internet, which is now considered as the latest thing about technological innovation, provides unlimited amount of information to the...
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...to start when considering how to reduce data center power consumption? What value of PUE should data center managers strive for? - PUE is simply defined as “Power Usage Effectiveness”. It measures how efficiently data centers use energy. PUE is an important place to start because it makes Google to measure the change in usage effectiveness. The ratio of PUE is total facility energy over IT equipment energy. A PUE of 1.00 would be best, but 1.09 was the lowest estimated value until 2011 as the video says. Data center managers are still striving for that. PUE = IT Equipment Energy + Facility Overhead Energy / IT Equipment Energy 2. Describe the five methods recommended by Google for reducing power consumption. - Measure PUE As I mentioned in Question 1, the industry uses a ratio called Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) to measure and help reduce the energy used for non-computing functions. To effectively use PUE, it's important to measure often (at least once per second). If the ratio has a 1.00 PUE, it means the energy can be used in the most effective way possible. - Manage airflow Good air flow management is significant to efficient data center operation. By Minimize hot and cold air mixing, Google reduces its power consumption. Google should eliminate hot spots and be sure to use blanking plates (or flat sheets of metal) for any empty slots in the rack. Thermal modeling using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can help data center managers quickly characterize and...
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...Google’s Green Computing: Efficiency at Scale Introduction Introduction Powering an Email System Provisioning Email Servers Redundancy and Reliability Computer Housing and Cooling Cloud Advantages Carbon Costs Conclusions It’s common to hear about new data centers being built, and it may seem as if the energy used by “the cloud” is a growing problem. However, services provided by the cloud can be remarkably efficient. In many cases, data centers hosting cloud services are more efficient than the in-house office servers they replace. These efficiency gains come from maximizing server utilization, using high-efficiency facilities and making power usage efficiency a priority for hardware and software developers. This case study compares the energy savings and carbon footprint of using Gmail via Google Apps—Google’s cloud-based messaging and collaboration suite, versus housing local servers to manage the same email. Google’s cloud services are all carbon neutral—dating back to 2007. However, for the purposes of this case study, we will be modeling Google’s per-user carbon footprint before offsets are applied. Powering an Email System When a user checks their email, energy is consumed in three places: 1. The client: The PC, laptop, phone or other device directly accessing email is called the client. It’s using electricity as it fetches and displays email. 2. The network: Wireless routers, network switches and all the intervening networking equipment between the client...
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...Pomerantz, Greenpeace Yifei Wang, Greenpeace Editor: David Pomerantz, Greenpeace Creative Direction & Design by: Arc Communications Published in April 2014 by Greenpeace Inc. 702 H Street, NW Suite 300 Washington, D.C. 20001 United States greenpeace.org 2 Contents Executive Summary 5 Company Scorecard 7 Cloud Source 9 Global Energy Snapshot 13 The Cloud’s Next Stop: China 17 The Road Map to a Green Internet 19 Your Online World: Green IRL, or #dirty? 25 Green Internet Leaders and Best Practices 29 Where the Cloud Touches the Ground -- Map: Global Data Center Hot Spots -- Map: US Data Center Hot Spots -- US Regional Profiles 35 36 38 40 Appendix 1: Methodology 42 Appendix 2: Company Scores Explained 44 Appendix 3: Company Data Center Facilities and Estimates of Power Demand 64 Notes 78 03 4 © Frank van Biemen / EvoSwitch / Greenpeace Greenpeace USA Clicking Clean: How Companies are Creating the Green Internet Executive Summary Executive Summary For the estimated 2.5 billion people around the world who are connected to the internet, it is impossible to imagine life without it. The internet has rewoven the fabric of our daily lives – how we communicate with each other, work and entertain ourselves – and become a foundation of the global economy. Seemingly on a daily basis, new businesses that use the internet...
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...Google, a multinational public organisation, advancing and hosting online based products and services. Transforming into one of the massive media for searching in internet and providing services up to billion searches. Larry Page and Sergey Brin commenced Google during their uni-life. The crews of the company designs an online software called Gmail, convivial networking implements such as Google Buzz and Orkut, and creating smart apps which is represented with Google Chrome, editing software, Picaso. Google creates Android as one of the popular smart gadgets operating system which is now utilized by most ranked mobile phone manufacturers. Thus, Google is one of the most potent name for the future.(UKessays, 2015) One of the dimensions of organizational culture is attention to detail. Google is best known for its skills to utilize data and information and breakthrough the limited possibilities of its crew members. Managers decide the best solution by using the information provided. From the full and clear analysis, Google can assume who should leave the company and do research about the best measurement for the actual size and design of cafeteria furniture. This is the way Google made conclusion of boosting efficiency and effectiveness with its analytic skills.(Google Books, 2016) One of the obvious example is the retention of female colleagues. Finding the main factor that incipient mothers leave so easily which is double times the data shown. After Google decided incipient...
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...o there are many issue with wireless devices, I am going to discuss and also going to throw light on new possibilities. These are main 4 Issue with wireless technology we are having these day 1. Capacity We are transmitting these wireless data in form of radio wave, we all knows these are limited, scarce, and expansive and no hope for further expansion as per our need. These limitation is not able to full fill our current monthly data transmission demand and we are no doubt running out of spectrum. 2. Efficiency There is another problem, efficiency. These base stations consume lots of power every hour. Interesting thing is that most of the power is not used for transmitting radio waves, but to cool down the base stations. Thus efficiency of such base stations is only about 5%, that means a big problem. 3. Availability You can’t use your wireless devices in your Flight, hospitals, in military prone areas for security issue. 4. Security Security is another issue, these penetrating and scattering radio waves have no controls in boundaries, they goes off the range we use, even consumes power too. Even somebody can make misuse of these radio waves, Looking to another corner, we have 20 billion of Light bulbs deployed across the world in current infrastructure. That’s what I am going to cover in my post. We have electromagnetic spectrum, where we have Radio waves and visible light, Comparing their availability, bamm, we have 10,000 times more visible...
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...various companies and identify tactics that make the company successful. Competitive Advantage An organization that has a strategic advantage over its competitors that enables the organization to have greater sales and retain more customers is believed to have a competitive advantage. Many organizations have a competitive advantage within technological industries to include: Google, Apple, and Amazon. Each organization creates value in its products and services to stay ahead of the competition. Google is considered the industry leader when it comes to search and has 65% of the search market, according to Hit Wise. The company maintains its competitive advantage by developing a diversified infrastructure that gives them the ability to provide high-speed searches and branch out into other industries. Goggles infrastructure is made up of hardware, bandwidth, storage systems and servers. The company has access to all kinds of information about the organization from all over the world and can easily track the competitions movements. Google has developed a brand and tools that customers have learned to depend on. Google has expanded into the mobile phone industry with the Android, which provides customers an...
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...it implies any device which you can pass on with you to perform a wide variety of "assignments". It is development that allows those errands to be performed by method for vehicles, PDA, compact PCs, et cetera. A standard phone has gone from being near a fundamental two-way pager to being a PDA, a GPS course system, a web project, and minute errand individual structure, a video gaming system, and significantly more. It consolidates the use of a variety of transmission media, for instance, radio wave, microwave, infra-red, GPS and Bluetooth to consider the trading of data by method for voice, content, video, 2-dimensional institutionalized labels and that is just the tip of the iceberg. Progresses in the remote development are offering opportunities to associations to ponder how they offer to their customers by opening up their business channels. Ways in which wireless technologies improve the organization’s efficiency Compact advancement enables associations to offer customers new systems for access that streamline strategies, for instance, charging, access to thing and organizations information and obtaining. This makes it less perplexing to make an arrangement and, on a very basic level, more clear to make a purchase at whatever time, wherever. A champion amongst the most recent...
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...Software and deployment optimization Algorithmic efficiency Main article: Algorithmic efficiency Further information: Analysis of algorithms The efficiency of algorithms has an impact on the amount of computer resources required for any given computing function and there are many efficiency trade-offs in writing programs. Algorithm changes, such as switching from a slow (e.g. linear) search algorithm to a fast (e.g. hashed or indexed) search algorithm can reduce resource usage for a given task from substantial to close to zero. A study by a physicist at Harvard, estimated that the average Google search released 7 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂).[25] However, Google disputes this figure, arguing instead that a typical search produces only 0.2 grams of CO₂.[26] Resource allocation Main article: Resource allocation Algorithms can also be used to route data to data centers where electricity is less expensive. Researchers from MIT, Carnegie Mellon University, and Akamai have tested an energy allocation algorithm that successfully routes traffic to the location with the cheapest energy costs. The researchers project up to a 40 percent savings on energy costs if their proposed algorithm were to be deployed. However, this approach does not actually reduce the amount of energy being used; it reduces only the cost to the company using it. Nonetheless, a similar strategy could be used to direct traffic to rely on energy that is produced in a more environmentally friendly or efficient...
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...development and introduction of wearable devices to consumers, much debate has evolved around its use compared to smartphones and other smart technology products. Dave Evans (2013) pointed out that while consumers begin to adapt to wearable technology, personal computing is getting even more personal, with electronic products and chipsets being attached to “clothing, jewelry, shoes, glasses, watches, and even on your skin” (Stedmon et al., 1999). Developments in wearable technology have indeed suggested that it is possible to fully integrate both physical and functional aspects of smart devices, thereby increasing their operational efficiency. These findings suggest that wearable technology has the potential to be far better than the smartphone industry, and that these devices will provide consumers with greater accessibility and product efficiency. Even though wearable devices are still in its infancy, the technology is to survive for the long haul. During the early stages of the Smartphone industry, consumers were reluctant to shift from Desktop PCs. However, Smartphones are now at the center of our lifestyle,...
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...International Business Strategy II 1. Liu Shu 6509037 Introduction Google and Apple are giants in technology industry. These two companies provide innovate products or service and have unique organizational structure and culture. Under the increasing pressure of cost reduction and local responsiveness caused by globalization development, both Google and Apple are transforming into transnational organizations. This report will critically evaluate the comparative transnational effectiveness of Google and Apple in terms of motivation means and mentalities, layers of competitiveness, across boundaries management and corporation social responsiveness (CSR). 2. Motivations Means and Mentalities Initial incentives of Apple and Google expansion were different because of their distinct business focuses. Apple generates its profits by selling cutting-edge electronic devices, whereas Google even though has its own products such as some newly invented wearable devices, its benefit basically comes from their advertising. Therefore, Google do not have to secure key supply, and access to low-cost market. Nevertheless, seeking boarder market seems to be very important for both of these to enterprises. Moreover, the emerging motivations for Google and Apple are quite similar. After they began to expand, the forces which triggered the expansion in the first place, may turn into secondary when they make emerging global...
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...addition, consumers no longer need to invest heavily or encounter difficulties in building and maintaining complex IT infrastructure. In such a model, users access services based on their requirements without regard to where the services are hosted. This model has been referred to as utility computing, or recently as Cloud computing . The latter term denotes the infrastructure as a “Cloud” from which businesses and users can access applications as services from anywhere in the world on demand. Hence, Cloud computing can be classified as a new paradigm for the dynamic provisioning of computing services supported by state-of-the-art data centers that usually employ Virtual Machine (VM) technologies for consolidation and environment isolation purposes . Many computing service providers including Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, and IBM are rapidly deploying data centers in various locations around the world to deliver Cloud computing services. Cloud computing delivers infrastructure, platform, and software (applications) as services, which are made available to...
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