...ABSTRACT For this paper I will be describing four examples of U.S. federal government expansion of authority between the beginning of the U.S. Civil War and the end of the Civil Rights Era. As I am identifying and describing the U.S. federal expansion of authority I will have three context that are the importance of the developments in the United States which are political structures, social structures, and Economic structures. U.S. Federal Government Expansion of Authority During the Civil War there was an expansion of federal power. The first major expansion of federal government refused to allow confederate states of america which is also known as secession. After the federal government got rid of secession of states from the union but right after the war the Reconstruction Era saw opportunities to impose radical changes upon defeated southern states. The federal government guaranteed civil rights to all races, rather than state and local authorities make such decision. The second major expansion was the Progressive Era. This started as a social movement to help improve the lives and general conditions of americans, the movement used the government to increase such changes. In 1901 new regulations inspired by progressive philosophy began to be implemented. Then Five years later the Hepburn Act authorized the federal government to control railroad rates, the pure food, drug act, the Meat Inspection Act and...
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...city before discharging it back to the river below the dam at Lockport. The floodway had the ability to carry floodwater at a rate of approximately 1,700 cubic meters per second. An expansion project was later initiated in 2005 to increase the carrying capacity of the floodway so that it can carry flood water at a rate of up to 4,000 cubic meters per second. The decision of expanding the floodway was reached after its containment system reached the maximum capacity in 1997 (Water-Technology.net, 2014). The main purpose of the...
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...vGovernment Expansion History History 105 Unit 1 project There are numerous ways that the US Government has expanded its authority between the start of the Civil war through the Civil Rights era. This paper will focus on a couple of examples of the government expansion and the affects that these particular examples had in influencing the political, social and economic structures. The Civil War Reconstruction era necessitated an extraordinary expansion of the roles and responsibilities of the central government. The civil War resulted in the implementation of amendments Thirteenth, Fourteen, and Fifteen of the Constitution. These amendments created a new federal aspect of citizenship for all, and sought to guarantee universal male suffrage. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery for the entire nation (which, until then had been a state issue). The Fourteenth Amendment reversed the decision that black people could not be citizens, by declaring that any person born in the United States was a citizen. The Fifteenth Amendment carries on from the Fourteenth by saying that states can't deny citizens voting rights on the grounds of race or having once been a slave. Once the constitution had been amended, the United States had to make sure that the new laws were protected and enforced, supporting the new powers of the national government. Which was a daunting task because these amendments changed our nation’s entire social structure which in turn changed the political...
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...18th century. During the Revolutionary period, both common and elite Americans alike sought to define the ideals of liberty that would be incorporated into the new nation. But the realization of these ideals of equality in politics and universal rights necessitated the formation of a centralized Republican government in order to become a practical reality, thereby ensuring the success of the nation by implementing basis of lasting, effective systems of maintaining political order. In doing so, the constitution realizes revolutionary aspirations for independent government that guarantees the rights and common good of its citizens. The ratification of the US Constitution and Bill of Rights ensured that the ideals of independence, accurate representation in politics via a republican system, and the protection of natural liberties birthed during the Revolution could survive practically within the new nation. The ratification of the Constitution was critical for the success of the nation, thus realizing the revolutionary dream of...
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...Singapore Tax Rates and Income Tax System Introduction Singapore’s is one of the world’s biggest economies. Since the global financial crisis and more recently, the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis and the downgrading of the US credit ratings, many global and local investors has sought Singapore as a new safe haven for investing their wealth in and setting up businesses and regional headquarters. In 2010, Singapore’s economy has rebounded close to 15% year on year. Singapore, due to its scarcity of natural resources, depends heavily on foreign investments for growth and economic expansion. Therefore, the government’s policy is to advocate Singapore as a global hub for international trade and commerce. Over the past years, Singapore has always been ranked of one the frontrunners in the world in terms ease of doing business (1), world leader in foreign trade and investment (1), best investment potential for 16 consecutive years (2), most open economy for international trade and investment (1). Source: http://www.weforum.org/reports/global-enabling-trade-report-2010?fo=1 http://app.www.sg/who/196/Business-and-working-conditions.aspx http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/singapore/ Another significant reason Singapore continues to attract both local and overseas investment is due to its tax regime – well-known for its attractive corporate and personal tax rates, tax relief measures, absences of capital gains tax, one tier tax system and extensive double...
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...Constitutional Republic The power of the US federal government, relative to the power of the states, has increased since the ratification of the Constitution in 1791. Describe how the provisions within the Constitution pertaining to the ‘power to tax and spend’ (Art.1, sec.8, pt.1) and the ‘commerce clause’ (Art.1, sec.8, pt.3) have been used over time to expand federal power and thus the power of the President. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness” (Declaration of Independence, n.d.). Taken adapted from the scholar John Locke’s “Life Liberty and Estate” in his text the ‘Second Treatise of Government’, (Locke, J. 2005) and incorporated into the United States declaration of independence. Much has been said on the influence of Locke, on Thomas Jefferson during the drafting of the United States declaration of independence, such as was argued by McKay, (2005 pp. 44) . However, where Locke emphasized the importance of procuring and maintaining a limited government, it appears his influences on the political foundation of the United States drew to a halt here. As we are now bearing witness, to one of the most rapidly expanding government institutions in western liberal democracy. In this essay, I intend to discuss how the expansion of federal government power has increased exponentially, all the while power...
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...Effects of the expansion of Presidential power, and an argument for placing limits and rescinding the additional authority following a crisis By Timothy C. Sollenberger In the 200 years since the ratification of the Constitution, there has been an expansion in the executive branch power base. The majority of this expansion has occurred in the last 70 years. The changes themselves can be attributed to growth of the United States as a world power with gains in military prestige, diplomatic negotiations, as well as economic activities and interests globally which have perpetuated wars, and perceived emergencies. The current media formats and reporting have also had a profound influence on Presidential popularity which has exponentially increased the perceived notion that recent presidents are empowered by the people to make decisions which should require the acquiescence of Congress or the States. Presidents such as Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Franklin D. Roosevelt did make advantageous gains for the country in different areas, but the lack of dissemination of information to the elected legislature showed a general disregard for appropriate etiquette and initial public approval. The powers and duties of the president are outlined in Article II of the Constitution. Although the Constitution grants far fewer powers to the president in Article II than it does to Congress in Article I, the...
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...13 January 2014 Last updated at 15:16 ET Share this pageEmail Print Share this page ShareFacebookTwitter.Panama Canal expansion project: Have American fears come true? Comments (31) By Thomas Sparrow BBC Mundo, Washington The US has a lot riding on a successful expansion of the Panama canal Continue reading the main story Related Stories Row threatens Panama Canal expansion Nicaragua canal construction delayed Panama profile More than four years ago, when Panama awarded the lucrative contract to expand its inter-oceanic canal to a mostly European consortium, the United States was not pleased. An American company whose bid was unsuccessful, Bechtel, thought the winning tender would barely pay for pouring the concrete and that the consortium would probably try to renegotiate the price at some stage during the construction process. Some might argue that those American doubts have been justified, especially in view of the ongoing economic row between the European consortium and the Panamanian government agency that runs the waterway. The spat has threatened to bring work to a grinding halt, unless the two parties manage to resolve a $1.6bn (£1bn) dispute over cost overruns. A series of WikiLeaks cables from the US embassy in Panama that were revealed by the Spanish daily newspaper El Pais in 2010 provided an inside view of the frustration that was felt in the US at not having been able to get that contract. Bechtel had been strongly backed by the...
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...From being one of the poorest nations in Europe to becoming one of the most successful economies in the West, the geographically isolated country of Iceland suffered a lot when its three major banks collapsed in the same week in October 2008. As a consequence of the banking crisis, Iceland entered a deep recession and deep cuts in employment were made and the exchange rate dropped sharply which caused the inflation to soar. The Central Bank of Iceland has been criticized for its monetary policy in the past and how it handled the collapse. The banks had pursued risky expansion strategies – notably borrowing in foreign capital markets to finance the aggressive international expansion of Icelandic investment companies – that made them vulnerable to the deterioration in global financial markets. They had also grown to be too big for the government to rescue. When access to foreign capital eventually closed, the banks failed. Non-financial firms and households were also vulnerable to the deterioration in global financial conditions, having taken on a lot of debt in recent years based on inflated collateral values. In some cases, the debt was foreign-currency denominated, without matching foreign-currency assets or revenues. This essay examines the Iceland Financial Crisis and analyzes the cause, effect, and recovery. Effects The current situation of the economy has severely affected many Icelandic business and citizens in the country. The replacement of Nyi Laandsbanki for the old...
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...America has had countless presidents throughout the centuries. Many of them have had a lasting impact on American culture and its government. Over the years, as or society grew and had more cultural influences, our government has changed as well. James Knox Polk, one of the few “pre-modern” presidents, influenced the American government by creating new forms of executive authority through his presidency. President John Polk was a democrat who demonstrated the use of authority not explicitly granted to him, executive power, and that sometime its plays an essential role in government. Executive power is almost giving the president complete authority at times until a limit is met. His view-point on executive power could be described as a privilege by the president to be used by certain means necessary. He exhibits the use of his executive privilege to show that the power has a meaningful role in government in that there are certain circumstances that require the use of such power. Over the course of Polk’s presidency, he experienced many complications, but they are almost insignificant when compared to his achievements. For starters, his election was one of the closest in American history. The desire for additional territory in the United States was high, even after the most recent annexation of the Texas territory. Soon, America had acquired the Oregon territory known as the 49th parallel. The next action was to gain ownership of California, Mexican territory. By May 13, 1846...
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...Where each state stands on Affordable Care Act's (ACA) Medicaid expansion Under the ACA, each state must opt in or out of the Medicaid expansion provision of the legislation. The states assigned to the class have all “opted in”; however, we do not know whether these states have also chosen to develop their own Health Insurance Exchange (HIX), or if they have defaulted this activity to the federal government. 1. Briefly summarize the ACA legislation According to the dpc, “The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will ensure that all Americans have access to quality, affordable health care and will create the transformation within the health care system necessary to contain costs. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has determined that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is fully paid for, will provide coverage to more than 94% of Americans while staying under the $900 billion limit that President Obama established, bending the health care cost curve, and reducing the deficit over the next ten years and beyond.” Some of the positives to the new health care bill will be people who make far more money than the average American will help pick up the slack through taxes. Individuals who are making 500,000 dollars a year or more will be the ones who help support the ACA. This will ensure that every American will have insurance and not have to worry about being able to pay for needed treatment. Some of the negatives to this is that businesses with over...
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...Presidential Impact Report James Knox Polk America has had countless presidents throughout the centuries. Many of them have had a lasting impact on American culture and its government. Over the years, as or society grew and had more cultural influences, our government has changed as well. James Knox Polk, one of the few “pre-modern” presidents, influenced the American government by creating new forms of executive authority through his presidency. President John Polk was a democrat who demonstrated the use of authority not explicitly granted to him, executive power, and that sometime its plays an essential role in government. Executive power is almost giving the president complete authority at times until a limit is met. His view-point on executive power could be described as a privilege by the president to be used by certain means necessary. He exhibits the use of his executive privilege to show that the power has a meaningful role in government in that there are certain circumstances that require the use of such power. Over the course of Polk’s presidency, he experienced many complications, but they are almost insignificant when compared to his achievements. For starters, his election was one of the closest in American history. The desire for additional territory in the United States was high, even after the most recent annexation of the Texas territory. Soon, America had acquired the Oregon territory known as the 49th parallel. The next action was to gain ownership...
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...orator that both served Rome in the fight against injustice, but also became viewed by the senior senate as someone who was able to undermine the old institutions of power through skill and manipulation. The public corruption had begun to expose the weaknesses of the current form of government and opened many minds to the sentiment that some individuals could be trusted with governance more than the current leaders who could be manipulated by the aristocracy. This paper will compare key players like Julius Caesar and Caesar Augustus in their rise to power, as well as their importance in the events leading to the end of the republic government. The role of Mark Antony and Egyptian Queen Cleopatra will be examined in the events leading up to the battle that ended the republic and began the empire. Finally, the Roman Empire’s expansion north into Gaul, Germania, and Britain will be examined. Around 60bce, leaders like Pompey had had very successful campaigns outside of Italy that provided wealth and influence that held both military and diplomatic appeal. This was precisely the case with Pompey having gained wealth and the loyalty of a large army. Having operated independently from senate authority for many years, his return to Rome was rightly seen as a threat to the republic. At the same time, Julius Caesar emerged as a rising political figure that championed the cause of the populares, which lead to massive support of the people. Widespread popular support in turn gained...
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...Supervised by Alex Robson and David Rynne Contents Introduction p 3 Defining the economic principles of natural monopoly infrastructure assets and the benefits/costs of privatisation p 3 The pros and cons of direct regulation p 5 Where commercial negotiation has been successful and the difference between commercial negotiation with government owned corporation monopolies and private monopolies p 7 Current QLD situation and the risks imposed by natural monopoly specific to the context p 10 CN Rail privatization as a point of empirical evidence p 13 Considerations p 15 Conclusions p 16 Reference List p 19 Bibliography p 20 Appendices p 21 Introduction In 2012, the Queensland Government privatised bulk freighting services and coal business in Queensland and New South Wales as well as the regional freight business in Queensland, bulk mineral haulage in Queensland and Western Australia and the containerised freight between Cairns, Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth. The privatisation of bulk freighting services under the banner of Aurizon National, a natural monopoly, raises the issues of economic rent extraction, decreasing levels...
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...January 2009 the government gave the go-ahead to British Airports Authority (BAA) building of a third runway at Heathrow Airport. BAA, is the stakeholder of the airport, which defined an individual or group that has an effect on and affected by the activities of an organisation. Malcolm and Andrew (2011,p 308) There are three main reasons explained why the third runway is indeed needed. Firstly, release the workload of running at 99% capacity to satisfied current and forecast demand. Secondly, develop the competitiveness and UK economy in the competitors’ airports. Lastly, reduce the risk of working on the aviation industry once the existed runways have some problems then the Heathrow would lose business. This essay will show some stakeholders in favour as well as some stakeholders against for the event, Meanwhile, analyse the impact of the expansion at Heathrow on different stakeholders. Then, it will evaluate the common interests and conflicts with multiple stakeholders. The government is the most powerful stakeholder due to it had the power to decide whether the decision of expansion is carried out. The government considers that the new third runway would promote actively the economy. It will allow Heathrow to maintain its position as a global hub, create thousands of new jobs, generate economic growth and help UK businesses who need access to other major trading partners such as China and America. (Bized.co.uk, 2013) The government claimed that, the expansion of the airport...
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