...Assess the value of the right realist approach to crime and deviance. (21 marks) Right realists argue that crime today is a very real and growing problem. Right Realists argue that crime threatens society’s work ethic, social cohesion and destroys communities in society. Unlike other theories, Right realism focuses on the solutions for crime alongside the explanation of what causes crime in society, this approach also criticise labelling and criminology theories for being too sympathetic to the offender or too hostile to those in power. Right realists, Wilson and Herrnstein argue the idea that crime is a result of biological differences in people. Some people are suggested to be more inclined to commit crime than others. For example, those with higher traits of aggression may have the increasing tendency to commit crime. In support of the previous point, Wilson and Murray argue that low intelligence can lead to the causes of crime, this being a biological trait shows that crime is because of biological differences. In contrast, Lilly found that differences in intelligence only accounted for a 3% difference in offenders. This implies that it is very unlikely that the causes of crime are biological differences. Clarke, a right realist, came up with the rational choice theory, suggesting that crime is a matter of choice which is made by the criminal who weighs up the costs and benefits of committing crimes. In today’s society, the costs of committing petty crimes are rather...
Words: 663 - Pages: 3
...national importance. The listed buildings are graded in accordance with the level of their importance. Grade I for structures of exceptional interest; Grade II* for important buildings of more than special interest; and Grade II are of special interest, warranting every effort to preserve them. Listed buildings are protected from demolition and any unauthorized alterations. Furthermore, Historic England awards grants for necessary urgent important repairs. Banksy’s mural Spy Booth in Cheltenham was awarded Grade II listed property, which means that anyone desiring to make any changes or remove the mural has to apply for permission. The art was later vandalized by the local graffiti crew. The work is presented below before and after it was vandalized. The city is convinced that the original paint had some “anti-graffiti” elements in it and will do their best to restore the mural and put protective acrylic panel over...
Words: 1331 - Pages: 6
...are present on City Road, Cardiff today. City Road accommodates people of varied socio-economic positions. By looking at people’s occupations and levels of income, it is possible to establish an understanding of the social scale that exists here. Their lifestyles are shaped by the choices that are available to them i.e. their sense of style, but also some constraints e.g. the amount that they can afford to spend on clothing. (Havard, 2014, p.38). Considering the grand design of the Mackintosh Centre and the fact that the families owned the land, it is reasonable to conclude that the owners were wealthy. Therefore, they had more options in terms of how they could control their expenditure in comparison to other members of the community. John Arthur is a homeless man, who has never experienced a day of work in his life. His level of income is very low as he begs for spare change - shown in ‘The life and times of the street: Part 1’ video (Open University, 2014). Moreover, John’s sociocultural background is one of alcoholism, consequently this places him at the lower end of this scale. Due to his lack of financial income, John will experience significantly higher amount of constraints in comparison to the Mackintosh’s. Another notable difference on City road, is the division of opinions on social order. Theoretically, a society that is in...
Words: 791 - Pages: 4
...Crime Trends Crime trends have changed drastically throughout the years. Criminal activity has always been a challenging task to evaluate and monitor. What is a crime trend? A crime trend is defined as a significant change in the nature of selected crime types within a defined geographical area and time period (U.S. Legal, 2001). Crime trends tend to increase and decrease for different reason throughout the years. The essay will discuss the crime trend in America and the reason for a decline in 1999. In 1999 there were several reasons that could be the cause for a decrease in crime trends. Unemployment rates were low in 1999, in fact at the time rates had not been seen as low since 1969. There was also an increase in new jobs; under President Clinton administration the economy added 245,000 jobs per month. When President Clinton took office in 1992 the unemployment rate was at 7.5%, by 1999 the rate had dropped to 4.0%. Employment showed a promising reason for a decrease in crime (The Clinton-Gore Economic Record, 2000). Throughout the years researchers have been noticing when the economy is good it seem to reduce the amount of crime that happens. In the article Crime and Unemployment, the author refers to a study conducted in the United States that showed unemployment as a reason behind higher homicide rates and suicides; the study was conducted from 1940-1984. The study included five socio economic variables unemployment rates, gross national product...
Words: 986 - Pages: 4
...foster a better learning environment or promote discipline in students? Many people think so and are pushing the issue and requiring schools to enforce it. I couldn’t agree more with wearing school uniforms. I feel students should have to wear uniforms, however, even though there are several advantages and disadvantages on this controversy, I believe it is definitely beneficial for students and their future at hand. I am going to address several advantages as to why school uniforms should be worn both in private and public schools nationwide by including factors such as how uniforms decrease crime and increase safety, how uniforms create a level playing field among students to reduce peer pressure and bullying, and how uniforms are more effective than standard dress codes and prevent displays of inappropriate behavior. First of all, I’m going to explain how wearing school uniforms decreases crime and increases safety. Supporting statistics show that schools that mandate wearing uniforms have seen a significant decrease in student fights, possession of weapons, gang activity, graffiti, property damage, and battery by sixty three percent. School uniforms also prevent students from concealing weapons under baggy clothes, make it easier to keep track of students on class field trips, and keep intruders on school grounds more visible to be recognized. Others that disagree would say that school uniforms restrict students freedom of expression. The...
Words: 1346 - Pages: 6
...SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Maryland Public Safety Education and Training Center is located in Sykesville, Maryland. The physical plant is generally divided into two areas on grounds totaling approx. 700 acres. The firearms Training Facility (FTF) and the Drivers Training Facility (DTF) are co-located approx. 2 miles from the Academic Center. These training areas are un-fenced, and goes through public roadway and to several residential communities; closest houses being approx. . . .25 miles. The FTF facility has staff offices, classrooms, armory, weapon cleaning area and outdoor ranges which is approx. 25 miles from the FTF. The Academic and administrative Complex (AAC) is located on the ground of the Maryland Springfield State (Mental) hospital, and hosts approx. 400 patients. AAC has offices and classrooms, computer labs, a food preparation area and dining hall, and shops. Two residential dorms for overnight guests/students, a physical training center and it include offices, classrooms, basketball gym, weight room, and swimming pool. PSETC has 122 staff members, including DTF, FTF, and there is currently no security for PSETC. The hours of operation are 7:30 am to 5:00 pm, Monday through Friday for all facilities and it has about 450 students daily in law enforcement and correctional training programs. 150 guests/students can stay overnight; there is a contractor who prepares food, for them. The record maintenance for all administrative reports for PSETC members...
Words: 3210 - Pages: 13
...Diversity in the United States Rick Dashnaw ETH/125 08/19/12 Beverly Sessoms Diversity in the United States This paper will discuss the different aspects of cultural and racial diversity in the United States. This assignment will include the effects of the media, and the effects of immigration on diversity. I will be discussing the possible ways to work towards a post-racism society nationwide. To get a better understanding of why people immigrate to the United States, we have to think about where they came from and why they decided to come here. This has helped me understand these questions, and have a different view towards immigration and diversity. I can understand that the circumstances and living conditions that these people have had to live with drove them out and to the United States for the freedoms and way of life. We cannot blame the immigrants for coming here because if the shoe was on the other foot it would have been us coming here to get away, and into the freedoms and liberty of the United States. As I am part of the white race in America, I have learned that my race is the most prevalent race in the United States, and always has been. Today, the children are much more diverse. If we look at it from an older to younger standpoint, “Older Americans are whiter. Younger Americans are more non-white.” (Claiborne, 2011). So we can look forward to a more diverse future with the next generations to grow up being very diverse. The white race may be outnumbered...
Words: 1637 - Pages: 7
...Chief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Executive Command Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Office of the Chief of Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Strategic Plan Audit and Compliance Bureau Office of Internal Affairs Public Information Chief's Community Advisory Board Magnolia Station Grand Opening . . . . . . . . . .11 Riverside Police Department Facilities . . . . . .13 Administration Public Safety Communications . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Personnel Bureau Training Bureau Management Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Finance Payroll Grants Administration Fleet Services Facilities Management Court Services Unit (CSU) Alarm Enforcement Unit (EAU) Records Management Front Counters/Telephone Report Unit Automation and Digital Records Crime Analysis Unit (CAU) Property/Evidence Unit Operations Field Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Neighborhood Policing Centers (NPCs) Management Accountability Program (RPD~MAP) Watch Commanders Problem Oriented Policing (POP) Bike Team El Protector University Neighborhood Enhancement Team (UNET) Crime Statistics Special Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Community Services Group Citizen Academy Crime Free Multi-Housing Neighborhood Watch Business Watch Youth Court METRO/SWAT & Aviation Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) Mobile Field Force (MFF) Emergency Negotiations Team (ENT) Aviation Unit Traffic Bureau Field Accident...
Words: 22303 - Pages: 90
...have been on my own since I was 16 years old, I have lived in many sites: small towns, the bush and the highways, but the longest period of my life has been in the Urban Rez, especially Winnipeg and Edmonton. The first city experience(s), loaded with culture shock, had mostly negative impact. The in-your-face racism of the seventies, when I first began to live on my own, led to extreme difficulty in finding a place to rent, employment and acceptance in the urban culture in general. As a result, I often have had to live in “the hood,” where the sounds of a blaring siren become normal. As a writer, perhaps this was beneficial as I weaved my way through the pawn shops, the Main Street strip and its competing cousins in other cities, the hot-dog carts, the panhandlers, the cash-your-check joints and all of the other street signposts. I watched the first appearances of graffiti grow from artistic to social menace, and I was not surprised. The Aboriginal gang cultures also scratch for space in the urban landscape, as gangs from other segments of contemporary society surface. All of these violent, down-and-out ingredients formed my first impressions of this city environment. My reaction is perhaps best told in poetic form. The poem “Furby Shakespeare” (at right) grows from my reality of living next door to a crack house on Furby Street in Winnipeg. Furby Shakespeare Oh Romeo, Romeo, bum me a smoke pogey check, pogey check, where art thou? Traffic jams all stages of a life of the street...
Words: 1731 - Pages: 7
...Community Policing Kerry D. Turner Florence Darlington Technical College Community policing is, in essence, a collaboration between the police and the community that identifies and solves community problems. With the police no longer the sole guardians of law and order, all members of the community become active allies in the effort to enhance the safety and quality of neighborhoods. Community policing has far-reaching implications. The expanded outlook on crime control and prevention, the new emphasis on making community members active participants in the process of problem solving, and the patrol officers’ pivotal role in community policing require profound changes within the police organization. The neighborhood patrol officer, backed by the police organization, helps community members mobilize support and resources to solve problems and enhance their quality of life. Community members voice their concerns, contribute advice, and take action to address these concerns. Creating a constructive partnership will require the energy, creativity, understanding, and patience of all involved (Bureau of Justice Assistance, 1994). Reinvigorating communities is essential if we are to deter crime and create more vital neighborhoods. In some communities, it will take time to break down barriers of apathy and mistrust so that meaningful partnerships can be forged. Trust is the value that underlies and links the components of community partnership and problem solving. A foundation...
Words: 3388 - Pages: 14
...The term organized crime has become well known during recent years. Primarily through movies, television shows, and news reports. When a person hears the term organized crime, they think of the mob from movies like godfather, goodfellas, and scarface. However; those movies are just a glorified representation of what organized crime actually is and the reality of organized crime and its impact of society is much more disturbing than anything Hollywood or story writers can develop. The purpose of this paper is to define and discuss what organized crime is, why it develops and why members of society are drawn to engage in it. This paper will also discuss the problems related to organized crime’s impact on society and the limitations the government faces when trying to eradicate this type of criminal activity. In addition, the laws and tools law enforcement uses to combat organized criminal activity will be explored and how those laws and tools can be expanded on to offer a viable solution in controlling organized crime. Organized Crime Described The simplest definition of organized crime can be 1. Widespread criminal activities, such as prostitution, interstate theft, or illegal gambling, that occur within a centrally controlled formal structure. 2. The people and the groups involved in such criminal activities. (thefreedictionary.com). This definition is what makes the difference between criminal activity conducted by an individual and criminal activity conducted by a group...
Words: 2854 - Pages: 12
...Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Reducing Fear of Crime Strategies for Police Gary Cordner Reducing Fear of Crime Strategies for Police Gary Cordner Kutztown University January 2010 This project was supported by Grant Number 2003-CK-WX-K049 awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific agencies, companies, products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the authors or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of July 2009. Given that URLs and web sites are in constant flux, neither the authors nor the COPS Office can vouch for their current validity. Letter from the Director Dear Colleagues, Fear of crime has an incredibly corrosive effect on individuals and entire communities. This issue is of great concern to all of us in law enforcement. Fear negatively shapes all aspects of the quality of life of America’s communities. The COPS Office recognizes that people not only need to be safe, but they also need to feel safe. Treating both of these issues as two parts of a greater whole is a critical aspect of community policing. That is why we...
Words: 32342 - Pages: 130
...U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guides Series No. 44 Disorder at Day Laborer Sites by Rob T. Guerette www.cops.usdoj.gov Center for Problem-Oriented Policing Got a Problem? We’ve got answers! Log onto the Center for Problem-Oriented Policing website at www.popcenter.org for a wealth of information to help you deal more effectively with crime and disorder in your community, including: • Web-enhanced versions of all currently available Guides • Interactive training exercises • Online access to research and police practices • Online problem analysis module. Designed for police and those who work with them to address community problems, www.popcenter.org is a great resource in problem-oriented policing. Supported by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. www.PopCenter.org Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guides Series Guide No. 44 Disorder at Day Laborer Sites Rob T. Guerette This project was supported by cooperative agreement #2004CKWXK002 by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific companies, products, or services do not constitute endorsements from the author(s) or the Justice Department. Rather...
Words: 10945 - Pages: 44
...the things we are simultaneously doing. Music is constantly changing and evolving, and many times it shapes our current culture. There is argument over whether the music nowadays has a negative effect on America’s youth. Hip-hop takes the blame for many social problems in America, however many people overlook the influence it has and are unwilling to learn what it is about. Music, and more specifically hip-hop, has a positive influence on people and our culture in several different ways, including the way it affects the human brain, and the way it shapes and changes our culture and society as a whole. Music has an effect over people on a neurological level, which goes unnoticed by many. Music makes the human brain operate and can be beneficial at very early stages of brain development. Music helps immensely in learning and memorization; babies can even speed up their auditory comprehension due to musical exposure. Adults speak slowly to babies, annunciate syllables, and emphasize the pitch of their voice according to whether they are saying a demand or a question. For example the pitch of your voice goes up when asking a question and goes down or stays even throughout when stating a command. The more babies are exposed to music the faster they develop the ability to differentiate the two, as well as begin to explore the ranges of the pitch of their own voice (Levitin 230). Listening to music helps babies commence this important lifelong skill at a very early stage of their lives...
Words: 3952 - Pages: 16
...Marketing Communications Plan Prepared For Tewkesbury Borough Council For the attention of Katie Powers, Economic Development Officer, Tewkesbury Borough Council. Matthew Stott 3712951 Contents Page Executive Summary 4 Introduction 5 Key Issues 8 Marketing Communications Objectives 10 Proposed Strategy 11 Proposed Tactics 11 Push Campaign: 12 Pull Campaign: 13 Cruft’s Promotional Stand: 13 Social Petworking: 13 PR: 13 Tewkesbury Dog Show ‘Battle Of The Dogs’ 14 Campaign Timing: Gannt Chart 15 Monitoring The Changes 16 Budgeting 16 Summary 17 Appendices 18 Executive Summary Located in Gloucestershire, Tewkesbury’s diverse transport links makes it easily accessible and the riverside location provides a picturesque focus for visitors. Tewkesbury is a medieval market town which has retained many of it’s historical buildings. There are numerous cultural attractions including the Abbey that dates back to 1087, Farmers markets and a Tudor style high street with many traditional shops. Transport links include national cycle paths, long distance footpaths and the town is even accessible by water as it is located at the confluence of the rivers Severn and Avon. The history of Tewkesbury provides a major focus for the local tourist industry complimented by outdoor activities close to the town in the un-spoilt Gloucestershire countryside. In 1471 Tewkesbury was the site of the most decisive battle of the War of the Roses. The...
Words: 6421 - Pages: 26
