...Grammar Book MASTERING THE RULES THAT UNLOCK THE POWER OF WRITING THE LITTLE GOLD Brandon Royal Published by Maven Publishing © 2010 by Brandon Royal All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical — including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system — without permission in writing from the author or publisher. Reviewers, however, may quote brief passages in a review, and individuals wanting to reference material from this book for academic or non-commercial purposes may do so provided the book, with title and author’s name, is cited as a source. Published by: Maven Publishing 4520 Manilla Road Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2G 4B7 www.mavenpublishing.com Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication: Royal, Brandon The little gold grammar book : mastering the rules that unlock the power of writing / by Brandon Royal. ISBN 978-1-897393-30-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2009909354 In addition to the paperback edition, this book is available as an eBook and in the Adobe PDF file format. Technical Credits: Cover Design: George Foster, Fairfield, Iowa, USA Editing: Jonathan K. Cohen, Irvine, California, USA This book’s cover text was set in Minion. The interior text was set in Scala and Scala Sans. Contents Introduction Chapter 1: The 100-Question Quiz Subject-Verb Agreement Pronoun Usage Modification Parallelism Comparisons Verb Tenses Diction...
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...Grammar Issues: 1. Sentence Fragments: a. No, no, no ( b. Even if you are trying to use a fragment for a particular effect – no 2. Comma Splices: a. Definition: i. A comma separates two complete sentences ii. Example: 1. The boys left town, they took the money with them. b. Ways to fix a comma splice (there are more ways; these are just the easiest and most common) i. Use a comma and a conjunction (and, but, yet, for, so, nor, or) – There are only seven of them. 1. The boys left town, and they took the money with them. ii. Use a semi-colon 1. The boys left town; they took the money with them. iii. Use a semi-colon and a subjunctive adverb and a comma (subjunctive adverb = transition word or phrase: however, therefore, on the other hand) 1. The boys left town; in addition, they took the money with them. iv. Make them independent sentences 1. The boys left town. They took the money with them. v. Make one of the independent clauses (sentences) a dependent clause by using subordinating conjunctions (dependent words). There are many of these words (since, although, because, while, etc). 1. If the first independent clause is changed to a dependent clause then a comma goes between the clauses: ...
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...目录 i. 前言 ......................................................................................................................................... 3 ii. 本文档使用方法 ..................................................................................................................... 4 1. 词性 ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 主要词性的列表 ................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 非谓语动词 （不定式和动名词） ...................................................................................... 8 2. 句子成分 ................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 插入语（parentheses） ..................................................................................................... 10 3. 单句和并列句 ....................................................................................................................... 11 3.1 单句 ..................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 被动语态 ............................................................................................................................. 11 3.3 并列句 ..................................................................................................................
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...parties influence the negotiation process and its outcome? The parties involved in the Frasier negotiations are; Paramount Television Group, National Broadcasting Company (NBC), and the actor Kelsey Grammer (Owner) . Marc Graboff (ExecutiveVice President) led the NBC negotiation team which included Scott Sassa (President of NBC West Coast) and Jeff Zucker (President of NBC entertainment). Kerry McCluggage (Paramount’s Chairman) led the negotiation team for Paramount and was sometimes joined by Gary Hart, president of Paramount. 2) What are NBC’s BATNAs? What are Paramount’s BATNAs? Of these BATNAs, which is the best option for each entity? NBC had two BATNA’s: keep Frasier regardless of the increased cost (take a financial hit) in hopes to keep it as a “tent pole” to draw in its viewers to the new shows line-ups after Frasier, or buy a comparable comedy show from another network (such as Dharma and Greg) that will bring in the same audience group 18 to 49. The only downfall was that could cause a bidding war that could increase programming expenses. Paramount’s BATNA’s were to either sell the sitcom to CBS (sister company) or agree to keep the show at NBC for less money. The best option for each group would be to keep Frasier at NBC because it would guarantee Kelsey Grammer (Frasier actor) and Paramount the three year run that they wanted and also provide NBC with the “tent pole” to launch new shows following Frasier at 9:30pm. 3) What is your best estimate of...
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...grammerFrench Grammar and Usage French Grammar and Usage Second edition Roger Hawkins Senior Lecturer in Language and Linguistics, University of Essex Richard Towell Professor of French Applied Linguistics, University of Salford NATIVE SPEAKER CONSULTANT Marie-Noëlle Lamy Senior Lecturer, Open University A member of the Hodder Headline Group LONDON Contents Guide for the user Glossary of key grammatical terms Acknowledgements Acknowledgements for the second edition xi xiv xx xxi 1 Nouns 1.1 Types of noun 1.2 Gender 1.3 Number 2 Determiners 2.1 Articles 2.2 Typical use of the definite article 2.3 Typical use of the indefinite article 2.4 The partitive article: du, de l', de la, des 2.5 Use of indefinite and partitive articles after the negative forms ne... pas, ne... jamais, ne... plus, ne... guère 2.6 Omission of the article 2.7 Demonstrative determiners 2.8 Possessive determiners 3 Personal and impersonal pronouns 3.1 Subject pronouns 3.2 Object pronouns 3.3 Stressed pronouns 3.4 Demonstrative pronouns 3.5 Possessive pronouns 4 Adjectives 4.1 Adjectives modifying the noun 4.2 Adjectives which follow verbs or verbal expressions 4.3 Adjectives with complements 4.4 Indefinite and negative noun phrases with adjective complements 4.5 Adjectives used as nouns 4.6 Adjectives used as adverbs 4.7 Masculine and feminine forms of adjectives 4.8 Plural forms of adjectives 4.9 Adjective agreement with nouns 1 1 5 17 23 23 24 29 32 33 34 37 39 40 40 53 71 75...
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...English Grammar Lessons www.english-grammar-lessons.com • Present Continuous • Present Simple • Present Simple or Continuous • Past Simple • Past Continuous • Past Simple or Continuous • Irregular Verbs • Present Perfect • Present Perfect Continuous • Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous • Present Perfect or Past Simple • Past Perfect • The Future -Going to • The Future -Will • Will or Going to • The Future -present forms • Will - other uses • Shall • The Imperative • The Passive • The -ing form • Can • Could • May/Might • Should • Must/Have to • Zero Conditional • First Conditional • Second Conditional • Third Conditional • Wish The present continuous The present continuous is used to talk about present situations which we see as short-term or temporary. We use the present simple to talk about present situations which we see as long-term or permanent. In these examples, the action is taking place at the time of speaking. • It's raining. • Who is Kate talking to on the phone? • Look, somebody is trying to steal that man's wallet. • I'm not looking. My eyes are closed tightly. In these examples, the action is true at the present time but we don't think it will be true in the long term. • I'm looking for a new apartment. • He's thinking about leaving his job. • They're considering...
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...English Grammar A Short Guide Graham Tulloch This book was prepared in the English Discipline of the Flinders University of South Australia and printed by Flinders Press. ©1990 Graham Tulloch FURTHER READING This is intended as a basic and simple guide to English grammar. For a more detailed introduction with exercises see J.R. Bernard's excellent book A Short Guide to Traditional English Grammar (Sydney: Sydney University Press, l975) to which I am much indebted. For a longer study read Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum, A University Grammar of English (London: Longman, 1973) and for a very detailed, very complex (and very expensive) treatment of the subject see Randolph Quirk, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartik, A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (London: Longman, 1985). 2 PARTS OF A WORD A word can be divided into its STEM (the basic part of the word containing its meaning) and its INFLECTIONS (the endings added to indicate such things as that a noun is PLURAL or a verb is in the past tense). Examples: Stem: Inflections: PARTS OF A SENTENCE SUBJECT The subject is the person, thing or topic which the sentence deals with. To discover the subject, ask who or what before the verb, e.g. in the sentence The house stands on the hill, what stands on the hill? Answer: the house. Examples: The house stands on the hill. It overlooks the plain. PREDICATE The predicate is all of the sentence except the subject. Examples: The house stands on the hill...
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...Negotiations Frasier case A. Who are the parties in the Frasier negotiation and what are their interests? (Viacom, CBS, Paramount, Kelsey) – (NBC, NBC West Coast ((Graboff)), ABC) The parties involved in the Frasier negotiations consist of NBC, Paramount, and actor Kelsey Grammar. Paramount and Kelsey had personal interest to extend the show 3 years. Kelsey Grammar wanted to rank in history as being an actor with having the record for the longest-running primetime television character in TV. Without Kelsey Grammar (Frasier), Paramount, and NBC would not have a TV series. NBC did not view the show Frasier as having another 3 years of life and did not want to invest in another 3 years. Additionally, NBC deemed Paramount’s price per episode to high and wanted to minimize what they saw as a loss of revenue. B. What is Paramount’s BATNA? What is your estimate of their reservation price? Paramount was banking on the fact that Frasier was the flagpole show of NBC and its success in the time slot. If they quit NBC, both Paramount and NBC would suffer while Paramount would have suffered the most. Paramount best alternative would have been to shop the show around to other networks in the case that the negotiations with NBC broke down. Paramount however was limited in networks to promote the show to due to the shows high overhead cost and industry consolidation. Due to these circumstances I would estimate Paramount’s reservation price around 5.25 million as Paramount...
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...Kellye Wright-Haynes CMPS 300 Dr. Kokoly Context-Free Grammars A context-free grammar (CFG) is a set of recursive rewriting rules (or productions) used to generate patterns of strings. A CFG consists of the following components: • a set of terminal symbols, which are the characters of the alphabet that appear in the strings generated by the grammar. • a set of nonterminal symbols, which are placeholders for patterns of terminal symbols that can be generated by the nonterminal symbols. • a set of productions, which are rules for replacing (or rewriting) nonterminal symbols (on the left side of the production) in a string with other nonterminal or terminal symbols (on the right side of the production). • a start symbol, which is a special nonterminal symbol that appears in the initial string generated by the grammar. To generate a string of terminal symbols from a CFG, we: • Begin with a string consisting of the start symbol; • Apply one of the productions with the start symbol on the left hand size, replacing the start symbol with the right hand side of the production; • Repeat the process of selecting nonterminal symbols in the string, and replacing them with the right hand side of some corresponding production, until all nonterminals have been replaced by terminal symbols. Regular Grammar The regular grammars describe exactly all regular languages and are in that sense equivalent to finite state automata and regular expressions...
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...T1 Present tense (I do, he does) I am/verb I am lucky. I like apple He/She/it is/verb+s She is a girl. He loves chocolate. They/you are/verb They are hungry. You always play with us. 1. Facts (something is generally known to be true) The sun sets in the west. | The sun never sets in the east or south or north, but always in the west. | 2. Repeated actions or habits Colin always plays soccer on Tuesdays. | Colin plays football regularly - every Tuesday.In English, signal words are often used, e.g.: always, never, seldom, often, regularly,every Monday. | 3. Action set by a time table The train leaves at 9 pm. | Although the action takes place in the future, it takes place regularly and is set by a time table. | 4. Feelings I love her. | When you love someone, that's a state, a fact or emotion, but not an action (like running for example). Whenever you want to express a state, possession, sense or emotions, use the simple form (not the progressive). The following words all belong to this group: * be (I am happy) * hate (I hate you) * hear see smell * like * love * think * understand * want * wish | 5. Permanent actions Ann lives in Shatin. The verbs can, may, might, must remain the same in all forms. So don't add s. Example: he can, she may, it must Verbs ending in o or a sibilant (ch, sh, s, x) add es instead of s. Example: do - he does, wash - she washes A final y after...
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...英语语法 第一章 英语动词的时态 英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books 仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 英语动词的形式 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： 1. 动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 2. 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 3. 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 4. 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 5. 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 这里提到的“语法规定的其他情况”我们在以后会详细介绍。 下面把这些动词形式的构成说明一下： 动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表： |词尾变化（规律与名词变复数相同，读音也与名词复数相同） |举例 | |一般加-s |help→helps; read→reads | |在ch, sh, s, x 或元音字母o后面加-es |do, fix, push, teach→does, fixes, passes, | | |pushes, teaches | |以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y 为i 再加-es |try, study→tries, studies | 动词过去式和过去分词，大多数是动词原形+ ed 构成，这是规则动词。规则动词的拼写和读音规则如下表： |词尾变化 |举例 |词尾读音 | |动词后面加-ed |help→ helped |清辅音之后读[t] | | |work→ worked | | | |watch→ watched ...
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...This first image was found at www.golfwrx.com website, the sign has misspelled word and the sign needed re-wording. There were words missing in this sentence. This sign should have put a period instead of a comma. My sign would have gone like this: When using the copy machine please do not put any items on it to avoid breakage. Thank you for your cooperation This sign can misinterpreted and the copy machine can still be broken, by the sentence saying heavy item, what about the smaller or lighter items that can jam the copy machine. The person who wrote this sign should have checked it first, this poor judgment of management. The second image was found at www.coriromashkina.blogspot.com website, the sign has misspelled word and the phrase should be rewritten. My version would have gone like this: The Town of Crestwood, in this town we speak English but if you don’t speak English your still welcome in this Town. This was a big mistake by the mayor’s office he should have not permitted it to be written in the first place and put up for all to see. This sign is very racist towards minorities. Personally I would have not have put something like that up, it is very rude. The third image was found at www.huffingtonpost.com, this is an advertising sign for food that is sold at an eatery. There are misspelled words. My version would have gone like this: We sell chicken eat more for your buck, chick-fil-a, instead of cows it should be chickens since that was they mostly sell. ...
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...www.englishgrammarsecrets.com page 1 of 66 English Grammar Secrets by Caroline Brown and Pearson Brown authors of Meeting Point (Macmillan Education) Copyright Pearson Brown and Caroline Brown 2010 You may give copies of this ebook to your friends, colleagues and students www.englishgrammarsecrets.com page 2 of 66 Table of Contents Present continuous................................................................................................................................4 Present simple ......................................................................................................................................5 Present simple or continuous................................................................................................................6 Past simple ...........................................................................................................................................7 Past continuous..................................................................................................................................... 8 Past simple or continuous .................................................................................................................... 9 Irregular verbs.................................................................................................................................... 10 Present perfect ............................................................................
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...Do Grammer Madder? I was so excited, I could scream! There I was standing in the Respiratory Therapy Department ready to start my first “real” job. To begin my rounds, I opened my first patients’ chart, expecting to be impressed with a very sophisticated, detailed, and organized explanation of treatment and patient status. Contrary to my expectations, I found a mess of misspellings, grammatical errors and total disorder in the documentation. Chart after chart I found myself faced with the same grammatical chaos. Not being able to understand the documentation quickly frustrated me and I assumed that the therapist who scribbled in these charts was uneducated, unprofessional, and careless. My first impression was undesirable, to say the least. Grammar and syntax rules are key for effective written and spoken communication. Communication is what makes us human. We need it in every aspect of our personal and professional lives. It allows us solve problems, build personal and professional relationships, and learn new things. Without proper grammar, there is a break down in communication resulting in unavoidable misunderstandings or misinterpretations. A person...
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...RECEIVED PRONOUNCIATION Received Pronunciation is commonly referred to as “standard British” queen English oxford English or even “BBC English” .it was considered as the “standard English” accent although seen as a non-regional dialect of England. The Queen English was once considered to be way to speak and was thus used to teach pronunciation to foreign student of English. these days, its is mostly considered to be out of date and elitist. RP is a form of pronunciation of English language it is stated that its an account ,not a dialet and through many content, discuss its usage, how its has changed over time the change of its status and didractic charts of its vowels, consonants, diphthongs and triphthongs. Origin of Received Pronunciation RP was originally the accent of the East midlands region of England in the 15th century. It further spread due to the successful trade of that region, thus attainment of economic success. The accent stabilized in London since trade had spread toward the south of England . It was also believed to be the pronunciation of British England based on the speech of upper class of south eastern England. It was spoken at the public schools and at oxford and Cambridge universities. Until recently, it was the standard form of English used in british broadcasting. It is believed that only few people in Britain actually have an RP accent but it is the English that is spoken by the royal family and members of upper classes and the noble...
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