...The Grapes Impact Worldwide Through History The Grapes Impact Worldwide Through History Vitis vinifera, or more commonly known as the grape, is a fruit that is put to good use every day throughout the world. Grape production continues to increase every year around the globe to support the high demand that grapes continue to create. Most of the production is used to make wine, but it is also used for table, and raisin grape production (Rieger 2004). The numerous uses for the grape have been discovered and perfected throughout history. The sweetness of the berry and the ability to produce wine from it has kept it cultivated and put to use for over nine thousand years. The natural history and geological origin of the vitis vinifera is what caused the global spread and economic success of the grape which still is still in high demand today. The original cultivation and domestication of the grape vine is not absolute certain. The first archeological evidence of the grape dates all the way back to the Bronze Age. A clay vase with wine residue was found as well as grape seeds. These artifacts were discovered around the Mediterranean area which is thought to be the original origin (Pastor 2010). Viticulture started to spread from its original location all over the Mediterranean and up through Europe. It started to spread rapidly through France around fifth century B.C. After introduced to this area it continued to spread all over Europe and over the Middle East. At this point...
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...Grapes can not spit grape skin, grape because the body is a treasure! Will be eaten with the grape skins and grape seeds, is particularly useful for those with ischemic heart disease and atherosclerotic heart disease health. The grape skin color is more black, the more containing flavonoids, better protect the heart rats. Grape Vitaceae Vitis woody vine, fruit spherical or oval-shaped, flowering from April to May, fruiting period from August to September. Grapes are one of the world's oldest fruit trees, grape plant fossils found in Tertiary strata, indicating that they have been found in Europe, Asia and Greenland. WEST grapes native to Asia, all over the world are cultivated grapes from around the world about 95% concentrated in the northern hemisphere. Grape glucose, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins on the brain excitatory effects, eat neurasthenia and fatigue were also beneficial. Long-term smokers may be more grapes, grapes can help lung cell detoxification, but also has expectorant effect, can ease the smoking-induced airway inflammation, itching and other symptoms. Grape juice and frail patients, hardening of the arteries and the rehabilitation of nephritis patients have secondary effects. Can help reduce organ rejection in patients implanted surgical promote a speedy recovery. Keep fit people should be aware that the grapes are not easy to get fat eating fruit. Women have to eat a dozen pieces rich in vitamin fresh black grapes or green grapes, can achieve the purpose...
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...grape harvest damaged Sherry Quinlan Brad Hemenway November 28, 2011 The morning of April 8, 2011, many California coastal wine vineyards suffered frost damage when temperatures reach record lows of 24 degrees Fahrenheit and stayed there for several hours. Estimated crop damage to some 26,000 acres was anywhere from 30% to 90% in some areas. The surprise of the late frost posed a risk of damage to sprouting buds, affecting growth of new grape vines and reducing crop potential. Wine grape growers had to wait out the frost season, which ends in May, to estimate the damage done to the grape vines to see if their crops were going to be salvageable. Buds that had already started to bud were a total loss so many vineyards had to take extra action like pruning each vine in hopes of new buds sprouting. Vineyards also had to take other precautions to protect their grapes with proper care which included disease control and adequate nutrition. This will help maximize the crops’ full potential not only for this year but next year’s crop as well. The other concern for wine growers was the wet spring and cool summer weather which would bring uneven grape clusters some small and some large. Because of the weather, the grape vines can produce a smaller quantity; this will reduce the supply of grapes and will shift the supply curve to the left, making less availability for certain types of wines. The only positive consequence from the reduced crop is that next year’s crop...
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...Growing grapes (Vitis vinifera) isn't an exact science, and you can't predict exactly when you'll get to enjoy your harvest. Grapes of various varieties are grown throughout U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 2 through 10 where they are ready for harvest anywhere from late summer to early fall. The exact harvest time depends on the grape variety, the amount of sunlight the vine received and the specific growing conditions your grapes experience during the season. As a result, you may find yourself harvesting grapes at a slightly different time each year, even if you grow the same variety. 2030 × 1479 Caption Clusters of ripened black grapes dangling on the vine. Alternate Text Group The Beginning Grape vines flower in early or mid-spring, at which time the plants are pollinated. Flowers typically appear in May, but this can vary by species. The pollinated blooms fall off the vine late in the spring season, leaving tiny grape berries behind. This process is known as shatter and happens at the end of May or beginning of June. The tiny infant grapes spend the rest of the growing season developing and ripening. This process is a slow one that can take all summer and extend into the fall. Variety Variations...
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...The Grapes of Wrath directed by John Ford is a 1940 film based on the Pulitzer winning novel by John Steinbeck. It tells the story of the Joads who during the Great Depression in the 1930s were run off their farm in Oklahoma. The film details their journey to California in search of work and a new beginning for their family. This paper will relate the main character Tom Joad to the philosophies of Thomas Hobbes and his theory of the state of nature and government as an artificial creation, and Jim Casy to Jean Jacques Rousseau’s theory of government and society as inhibitors of our natural freedoms. The Grapes of Wrath Tom Joad, played by Henry Fonda in the 1940 drama film Grapes of Wrath, is the main character who opens the movie returning to his home in Oklahoma after serving four years in prison for manslaughter. On the way he runs into Jim Casy, the former preacher who warns Tom that most sharecroppers have been evicted due to the effects of the depression. Once finding his family’s farm deserted, he finds them at his uncle’s farm preparing to also leave the next day for California in hopes of finding work and a brighter future. As they begin their treacherous journey across Route 66, the Joads and Casy endure many hardships. Grandpa, who didn’t want to leave his land, dies and is buried alongside the road. Then they run into a man who informs them that there is no work in California, but with not feeling they had any other options, they carry on with hope that they...
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...The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck's most famous work, chronicles the exodus of the Joad family, led by the matriarch Ma Joad, from the Dust Bowl to the supposed Eden of California. Steinbeck alternates the Joads's story with intercalary chapters illustrating the conditions faced by the migrant group during their forced flight. Noted for his descriptions of the search for the American dream and sympathy for the plight of the working class, Steinbeck's works typically describe ordinary men and women who come close to achieving greatness only when faced with a trial that requires them to join with others for the greater good. Steinbeck's brand of literature, mixed with social commentary, was influenced by his teleological view of people as parts of a larger whole who must work in concert to improve the lot of humanity. As the novel unfolds, the short, descriptive chapters emerge like a series of thesis statements on the conditions of life in the Dust Bowl. The chapters recounting the story of the Joad clan can be seen as illustrations of or evidence for the claims made in the shorter chapters. In Chapter 5, Steinbeck sets forth an argument strongly supportive of tenant farmers. The landowners and the banks, unable to make high profits from tenant farming, evict the farmers from the land. Some of the property owners are cruel, some are kind, but they all deliver the same news: the farmers must leave. The farmers protest, complaining that they have nowhere to go. The owners suggest...
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...In The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, the narrator explains how a social issue affected the Joad family. The realistic novel mimics life and offers social commentary too. It presents many windows on real life in Midwest America in the 1930s. Throughout the 1930s, America was trapped in the worst economic era ever—The Great Depression. The Joad family is struggling to find salvation during this tough time period. Because of this, they must travel from Oklahoma to California in order to start a new life. The Great Depression affected everyone in the United States, some people worse than others. Steinbeck uses several different strategies to interpret the social issue during this time period. By using the literary techniques of setting, tone/mood, and dialogue/language, Steinbeck composes a creative commentary on the Great Depression and how it affected the lives of Americans. One way Steinbeck produces creative commentary is through the use of different settings. The setting is where the story takes place, and in this story, the setting shifts several times as the family travels across the country to California. The story opens with an illustrious description of the setting. Through the description, “A day went by and the wind increased, steady, unbroken by the gusts. The dust from the roads fluffed up and spread out and fell on the weeds beside the fields, and fell into the fields a little way…” (Steinbeck 2), it reveals a horrible event. It sends the Joads and other tenant...
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...often curtailed by the mean circumstances they faced. Often losing, they fought against drought, starvation, and foreclosure. In these harsh times faith in God and religion wasn’t enough. In the days when succeeding by one’s own abilities was the American Dream, relying on God to solve one’s problems was not going to cut it. The hope that humanity could move forward as a whole sustained the country more than faith in solely God. John Steinbeck, recognizing the need for a faith founded in people rather than God, created the character of Jim Casy to represent a modernized Jesus Christ who would teach of the power of unity rather than the power of religion. His utilization of the Christ figure becomes more evident as the novel progresses. In Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck uses Jim Casy as the Christ figure to provide those of the Great Depression with a more pertinent faith reliant on the goodness of humanity rather than exclusively on God. Initially, John Steinbeck’s description of Jim Casy portrays a man who has fallen from the accepted faith-similar to that of Jesus Christ’s fall from Judaism -and has become enlightened by a radical new idea. When Casy is first introduced he is unsure about his own religious identity because he believes that “the sperit [isn’t] in [him] no more” (20). In order to understand this feeling of spiritual emptiness, Casy goes, “into the wilderness like [Jesus Christ]” (81). His lust for flesh fills him with guilt that troubles him. He considers that...
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...Oyibo 1 Onye Oyibo Mr. Cannon English III AP March 5th, 2014 The Grapes of Wrath Research Paper Throughout the Grapes Of Wrath, author John Steinbeck incorporates an adequate amount of Realism as well as Romanticism within his novel. Although these philosophies are brought upon the audience, Steinbeck prominently bases of The Grapes of Wrath upon a substantial use of Artistic Romanticism, through the similarity between the themes as well literally devices. Steinbeck stress the use of literally devices throughout the novel which establishes The Grapes of Wrath philosophy of Artistic Romanticism and Realism. Artistic Romanticism is based upon the romantic viewpoint of a particular outlook on the relations among God, Nature, and the individual manifested meaning. Throughout the novel of “Romanticism and Transcendentalism” the author is capable of unveiling the abstract meaning behind the philosophies of Romanticism. Romanticism was an not just an artistic movement but also, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution (Holman, Hugh M. "Definitions of Romanticism."). In literature, Romanticism has been found through recurrent themes of advocating criticism of the past. As well as in the novel (Phillips, Jerry, Andrew Ladd, and Michael Anesko. Romanticism and Transcendentalism) the author touches base on multiple in-depth examples and meaning of...
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...The Grapes of Wrath a well-known classic by John Steinbeck was published in 1939, and before it was published, migrant workers were living in very harsh conditions in several parts of the United States. The Grapes of Wrath is about an Oklahoma Dust Bowl family, the Joads, who suffer various hardships while migrating to California. The Dust Bowl was a period of time in the 1930s where harsh droughts led to severe dust storms which ruined million acres of prairie land in America. This story tells us the plight of all those migrants during the Great Depression through the perspective of the Joad family. In The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck uses intercalary chapters to provide background for the various themes of the novel, as well as to set the tone. Steinbeck’s previous book had bought him much success and Steinbeck did not want his success to weaken his commitment to the intellectual goals of his writing. So later, he embarked upon a trip from Oklahoma to California with a group of migrant workers. He worked and lived alongside them in a work camp in California. His experience was the inspiration for this novel. The story begins just after Tom Joad is released on parole from McAlester prison for homicide. On his journey to his home in Oklahoma, he meets former preacher Jim Casy whom he remembers from his childhood and the two travel together. He finds out his family has been evacuated from their land and are leaving for California. Tom and Casy join them. Going west on Route 66...
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...The Grapes of Wrath Summary John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath tells the specific story of the Joad family in order to illustrate the hardship and oppression suffered by migrant laborers during the Great Depression. Tom Joad, a man not yet thirty, approaches a diner dressed in spotless, somewhat formal clothing. He hitches a ride with a truck driver at the diner, who presses Tom for information until Tom finally reveals that he was just released from McAlester prison, where he served four years for murdering a man during a fight. On his travels home, Tom meets his former preacher, Jim Casy, a talkative man gripped by doubts over religious teachings and the presence of sin. He gave up the ministry after realizing that he found little wrong with the sexual liaisons he had with women in his congregation. Casy espouses the view that what is holy in human nature comes not from a distant god, but from the people themselves. When Tom and Casy reach the Joad's house, it has been deserted. Muley Graves, a local elderly man who may not be sane, tells them that the Joads have been evicted, and now stay with Uncle John. Muley's own family has left to find work in California, but Muley decided to stay himself. That night, since they are trespassing on the property now owned by the bank, the three are forced to hide from the police who might arrest them. Tom Joad finds the rest of his family staying with Uncle John, a morose man prone to...
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...The Grapes of Wrath is most memorable as the story of the Joad family’s trek across Depression-era America. The long narrative chapters that trace their journey provide a personal context for understanding the more abstract social, historical, and symbolic musings of the shorter alternating chapters. Despite their sometimes preachy tone, these alternating chapters play an important role in the structure of the novel. Most notably, they extend the saga of migrant farmers beyond a single family, reminding the reader that the hardships faced by the Joads were widespread, afflicting tens of thousands of families in the Dust Bowl. Furthermore, these chapters anticipate the circumstances that the Joads will encounter: when the Joads come to the Hooverville in Chapter 20, for instance, the reader has already read a detailed description of these camps in the preceding chapter and thus foresees their difficulties. Alternating between the Joads’ tale and more contextual musings outside the narrative also allows Steinbeck to employ a greater range of writing styles. It is true that Steinbeck successfully conveys a great deal of the Joads’ journey through spare, declarative prose and through the rustic dialect of the family members. However, the short chapters allow him to exceed the constraints of these prose forms, to root his story in a more universal tradition. At times, Steinbeck evokes the repetition and moral bluntness of biblical tales; at other moments, he assumes the clear,...
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...Sarah Doan Period 8 September 21, 2015 3 Eng AP Grapes of Wrath In the book, Grapes of Wrath, many events portray Jim Casy as a figure of Jesus Christ. From being a preacher in his hometown, aiding those in need, and sacrificing himself for others throughout the story, Casy became Steinbeck’s symbolic figure of Christ. Casy’s death is significant because not only does it greatly affect Tom Joad, it also represented hope for the migrants. Tom, who was Casy's disciple, vows to spread his message as he works toward greater social justice. And, like Christ, his teachings are delivered to the rest of the world as the result of his death. During the course of the story, Jim Casy is presented as a natural leader who is always there to protect his people. Casy feels that it is his responsibility to share his knowledge with those around him, which was one of the main reasons why he became a preacher. During the strike, he sacrificed his life fighting for the community and was killed by a police officer. Casy's death was similar to the death of Christ. Christ willingly gave up his life in order to save mankind, whereas Casy also gives up his life for Tom Joad, who attacked an officer who tried to break up a group of angry farmers. The last words that Casy has spoken "You don' know what you're a-doin'" (Steinbeck 426) resembles the last words of Jesus as he is hanged from the cross, “Forgive them, Father, they know not what they do" (Bible, Jn. 23:34). For that reason, this shows...
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...The Grapes of Wrath was an iconic American novel published in 1939 sending a ripple effect throughout the US. Set in the Great Depression it follows the Joads, farmers, as they must leave their home in Oklahoma as farmers are forced out due to lack of work. The novel follows them as they decided to go to California to have a better future. It follows their experiences i.e. difficulty of getting work, crooked people taking advantage of them and their family dynamic. Many in the community praised Steinbeck for bringing real life issues to light even going so far as to award him the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award. Consequently, many condemned Steinbeck thinking he was the enemy and his work sought to show America as evil....
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...In John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath, every gory detail of the 1930’s California dust bowl is explored in the greatest of detail, and every fiber of the hardships those involved faced are brought into the spotlight. Among a gripping story with visceral characters, The Grapes of Wrath manages to raise profound questions that challenge the standards of morality set by society. What is right and wrong, and how do we as people know which is which? Through careful social commentary, and keen examination of standards through stupefying metaphors, Steinbeck spins a literary web of striking exposition that goes the extra mile to force an analytical perspective onto the reader. It is with these aspects of literature that Steinbeck is able to effectively...
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