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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 34 ـ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ 5831‬ ‫ﺹﺹ 42 ـ 3‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی‬
‫ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩی∗ ـ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﯽ∗∗ ـ ﮐﺎﻣﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﻦﺁﻗﺎﯾﯽ∗∗∗‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﯾﺦ ﺩﺭﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ: 02/4/38‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﯾﺦ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ: 71/2/58‬

‫ﭼﮑﯿﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ "ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی" ﺑﻮﺩﻩ و‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﺷﺪ: ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی، ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿﺮی ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ، ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ، و‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی، ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی، ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﺮی، ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭوﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﺟﺰﺍی ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﺑﺮﺍی ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭوﺵﻫﺎی ﺁﻣﺎﺭی ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ و ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ وﺍﺭﯾﺎﻧﺲ و ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﮐﻢ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ.‬
‫وﺍژﻩﻫﺎی ﮐﻠﯿﺪی: ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ، ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬

‫∗ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﯾﺎﺭ ﮔﺮوﻩ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫∗∗ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﯾﺎﺭ ﮔﺮوﻩ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫∗∗∗ ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ـ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 34 ـ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ 5831‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺼﺮی ﮐﻠﯿﺪی ﺩﺭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﺤـﺪوﺩﯾﺖ ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﮑـﺎﻧﯽ، ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳـﯽ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮ و‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ، ﺑﻪ ﺭوﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ و ... ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ، ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی، ﺭوﺵ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮐﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﮔﺮﮔﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﺮی ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻏﺬ ﺑﻨـﺎ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩ، ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺴـﺘﺮﻫﺎی ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑـﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﯽﻧﺎﻣﻨـﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﭘـﯽ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮ،‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ و ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﭘﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮ ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎی ﭘﻮﻝ، ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺭﺩ و ﺑﺪﻝ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ.‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﯽ، ﻫﺪﻑﻫﺎی ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺏ ﻣـﯽﮐﻨـﺪ، ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﮐــﻪ ﮔــﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔــﺮی ﻣــﺎﻟﯽ ﻓــﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣــﯽﺁوﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ وﯾﮋﮔــﯽﻫــﺎی ﻣﻌﯿﻨــﯽ ﺑﺮﺧــﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺗــﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮیﻫﺎی ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ و ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ و ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ وﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺍﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ وﯾﮋﮔـﯽﻫـﺎی ﮐﯿﻔـﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی1 ﻣـﯽﻧﺎﻣﻨـﺪ ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ]7[:‬ ‫1. ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ2: ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ، ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪی ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ و ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪی ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ؛‬ ‫2. ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ3: ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ، ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ )ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ، ﺻـﺤﯿﺢ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ و ﺭﺟﺤـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ( و ﺑﯽﻃﺮﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ؛‬ ‫3. ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ4: ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺭوﯾﻪ و ﺍﻓﺸﺎی ﮐﺎﻓﯽ.‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ، ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﭘﯿﺎﭘﯽ و ﭘﯿﺸـﺮﻓﺖﻫـﺎی ﺳـﺮﯾﻌﯽ ﮐـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨـﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿـﺖ و ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫وﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎی ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩی ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ وﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﻟﺰوﻡ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺍﺭﺍﯾـﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ، ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ وﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎی ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩی ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻓﺰﺍﯾﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩی ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ و ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨـﺪﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺩو وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻫـﻢﺯﻣـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺪوﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎی ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﻣﯿﺴﺮ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. و ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿـﻞ ﺍﻫﻤﯿـﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ، ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ‬
‫‪1. Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information‬‬ ‫‪2. Relevance‬‬ ‫‪3. Reliability‬‬ ‫‪4. Comparability‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ...‬

‫ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﻓـﺪﺍی ﺁﻥ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ، و ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺩﺭﺣـﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺳـﺘﻪﻫـﺎ و ﺍﻧﺘﻈـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﯾﺮوﺯ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻣﺮوﺯ ﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘـﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻪ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﺩو ﻣﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﺑﻪﺭوﺵ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ)ﺑـﻪﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩوﺭﻩﺍی و ﭼﺎﭘﯽ( ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﻣﻮﻗﻊ، ﻣﺤﺪوﺩﯾﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﺣﺠﯿﻢ، ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻی ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ، ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮی ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺑـﺮﺍی‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]81[.‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫﺎی ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ، ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻧﺒـﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮﻉ ﻫﺴــﺘﯿﻢ ﮐــﻪ ﺁﯾــﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨــﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋــﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺍﻓــﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﺭ ﮐﯿﻔﯿــﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﯾﺎ ﺧﯿﺮ؟ ﺑﻪﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﯽﺧـﻮﺍﻫﯿﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺳـﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﺻـﻠﯽ ﭘﺎﺳـﺦ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑـﺮ ﻫـﺮ ﯾـﮏ ﺍﺯ وﯾﮋﮔـﯽﻫـﺎی ﮐﯿﻔـﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی‬ ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی، ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﺍﺳـﺖ، ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍی ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿﺮی ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑـﻪﺩﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ، ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی، ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ. ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﯽ ﮔﺴـﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺒـﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻈـﺮی، ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﯽ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ و ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ.‬
‫ﺿﺮوﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺮوﺯﻩ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺷﮕﺮﻓﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ و ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎی ﺁﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﯿﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭیﮐﻪ ﺭوﻧﺪﻫﺎی ﺩﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﺁﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﭘـﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎ، ﺩﻗـﺖ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺩﻩ ﺯﯾـﺎﺩ، ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻی‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ، ﺑﻪ ﺭوﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ، ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ، ﻗﯿﻤـﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ و ﺭو ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﯿـﺎﺕ و ﭘﯿﭽﯿـﺪﻩﺗـﺮ ﺷـﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﯾﻢ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﺩﯾﮕـﺮ ﻧﯿـﺎﺯی ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﯿـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭی‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﯿﺎی ﺍﻣﺮوﺯ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﯿﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧـﺎﮔﺰﯾﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﮐـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ و ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭوﺵﻫﺎی ﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ و وﻇﺎﯾﻒ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]6[. ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﮔـﺮی‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ـ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 34 ـ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ 5831‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻧﺪﻡ1 ﺭﺋﯿﺲ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﯿـﺖ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮی‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ، ﺑﻪوﯾﮋﻩ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ‬ ‫و ﺑﺎ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻗﯿﻤـﺖﻫـﺎی ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺧﺮﯾـﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ، ﺩﺭ ﻏﯿـﺮ ﺍﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨـﺪ ﺩﺍﺷـﺖ]31[. ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘـﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺯﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍی‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎی ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و ﭘﯽ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﮐﺪﺍﻡﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭیﻫـﺎ و ﭼﮕﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑﺎﯾـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ و ﭘﯿﺸـﺮﻓﺖ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﻫـﻢﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﺤـﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ، ﻻﺯﻡ و ﺿﺮوﺭی ﺍﺳﺖ.‬

‫ﻣﺮوﺭ ﺍﺩﺑﯿﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ، ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﺍی ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭی ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺗﯽ ﺍﺷـﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ، ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ، ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ، ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻔﯽ ﺩﯾﮕـﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ، ﻋﻼوﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﻪﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ، ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ، و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ]22[.‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺎﻧﺴﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ، ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﯾﺎﻧـﻪ و ﺍﺭﺗﺒـﺎﻁ ﺩوﺭﺑـﺮ٢ ﺑـﺮﺍی‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊﺁوﺭی، ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ، ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯی، و ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺻـﻮﺗﯽ، ﺗﺼـﻮﯾﺮی، ﻣﺘﻨـﯽ، و ﻋـﺪﺩی‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ]91[. ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ، ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺑـﻪ ﭼﮕـﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﯿـﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ و ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺑـﺮﺍی ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨـﺪﻫﺎی ﮐﺴـﺐ و ﮐـﺎﺭ، ﺟﻤـﻊﺁوﺭی‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﺮﺍی ﻣﺪﯾﺮﺍﻥ ]12[.‬ ‫ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿﺮی ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻ، ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﯾﮏﭘﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ وﺻﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ)ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ(. ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬـﺎﻥ ﻣـﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨـﺪ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫وﺏ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ و ﻫﺮ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬ ‫و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ. ﺣﺘـﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫـﺎی ﻫﻮﺷـﻤﻨﺪ٣، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪﺭﯾـﺰی ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ‬

‫‪1. Gray Sundem‬‬ ‫‪2. Telecommunications‬‬ ‫‪3. Inteligent software‬‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬

‫‪Archive of SID‬‬
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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ...‬

‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ1 )‪ ،(ERP‬ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻋﻼﻣﺖﮔﺬﺍﺭی ﺷﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﺘﻦ2 )‪ ،(HTML‬ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻋﻼﻣﺖﮔﺬﺍﺭی ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﺴــﺘﺮﺵ ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ3)‪ ،(XML‬ﺯﺑــﺎﻥ ﮔــﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔــﺮی ﺗﺠــﺎﺭی ﮔﺴــﺘﺮﺵ ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ4 )‪ (XBRL‬و ...،‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﻝﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺩﺳـﺖﮐـﺎﺭی ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ. ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ، ﻧﯿﺎﺯی ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ و ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺻﻮﺭﺕﻫﺎی ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ، ﺁﻥ ﻫـﻢ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﯾـﺎﻥ ﺳـﺎﻝ ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ و‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻥﺩوﺭﻩﺍی ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺑـﻪ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔـﺮی ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ ﮐـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ‬ ‫5‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ )ﯾﺎ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﯿﻦ ﺁﻥ( ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ ﺑـﻪﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ‬ ‫)ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪ( ﻣﯽﮔﻮﯾﻨﺪ ]81[.‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍی ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎی ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔـﺮی‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ)ﭘﯿﻮﺳـﺘﻪ( ﺳـﻮﻕ ﻣـﯽﺩﻫﻨـﺪ. ﺍﯾـﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨـﺪﺍﺯ:‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ)ﮐﻪ ﮐﻢﺗﺮ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ(، ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎی ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩی)ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩی ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی6 ﯾﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﯾـﮏﭘﺎﺭﭼـﻪ ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ(،‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎی ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ، ﺷـﺒﮑﻪﻫـﺎ، ‪ ،ERP‬ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧـﺖ و ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫـﺎی ﺁﻥ، ﭘﺮوﺗﮑـﻞﻫـﺎی ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﯽ ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ )‪ (XBRL ،XML ،HTML‬و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎی ﻣﺆﺛﺮ.‬
‫ﻟﺰوﻡ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی‬
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‫ﺍوﻟﯿﻦ و ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨـﺪﻩ ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮ ﺍﯾﺠـﺎﺩ ﻣـﯽﮐﻨـﺪ، ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧـﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻧﺪی ﮔﺮووﺯ8 )ﺭﺋﯿﺲ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﻞ( ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ 5 ﺳـﺎﻝ ﺁﯾﻨـﺪﻩ، ﯾـﺎ ﻫﻤـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺭﻓﺖ. ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺧـﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎی ﺍﯾﻨﺘﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺍﮐﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ ﺑﯿـﺎﻥ ﻣـﯽﮐﻨـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺍﯾﻨﺘـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺭوﺵ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ، ﺣﺮﻓـﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺯﯾـﺮ و ﺭو‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻪﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ9 ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﻪﻃـﻮﺭیﮐـﻪ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺑﻨﯿﺎﺩی ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ]8[.‬
‫‪1. Enterprise Resource Planning‬‬ ‫‪2. Hypertext Markup Language‬‬ ‫‪3. eXtensible Markup Language‬‬ ‫‪4. eXtensible Business Reporting Lnaguage‬‬ ‫‪5. On-line continuous financial reporting‬‬ ‫‪6. Integrated Accounting Software Package‬‬ ‫‪7. Internet‬‬ ‫‪8. Andy Groves‬‬ ‫‪9. e-commerce‬‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬

‫‪Archive of SID‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ـ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 34 ـ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ 5831‬

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‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ، ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ، ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍی ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺭوﯾﻪ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ، ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﯾﺰی ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ )‪ (ERP‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﺩﯾـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ‪ ERP‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﮔﺮﺩﺁوﺭی ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭیﮐﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﯿـﺪی ﺑـﻪوﯾـﮋﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮ ﻣـﯽﺷـﻮﺩ. ﺑـﻪﺩﺳـﺖ ﺁوﺭﺩﻥ ﯾـﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫‪ ERP‬ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ‪ ERP‬ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫـﺎی ﻓﺮوﺷـﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ و ﻣﺸـﺘﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﯾﺰی ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﺷـﺮﮐﺘﻪ1 )‪ (MERP‬ﻣـﯽﺷـﻮﺩ. ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭی‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯾﯽ )ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﺮﮐﺘﻪ(، ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ.‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺟﺎ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺁﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ »ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺪﻝﻫـﺎی‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ و ﭼﺮﺍ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ؟« ﺟـﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ و ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔـﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ و ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺩﻫﻨـﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺟـﺰء ﺍﻋﻀـﺎء ﺣﺮﻓـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺘﻨﺎوﺏ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐـﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﺷـﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ. ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ و ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎی ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣـﯽﺷـﻮﺩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺯﯾـﺎﺩی ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪوﯾﮋﻩ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺭوﺯﺍﻓﺰوﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﻣﻮﻗـﻊ و ﻣﺘﻨـﻮﻉ ﺑـﺮﺍی ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿـﺮی ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ.‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕﻫـﺎی ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳـﯽ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩوﺭﻩﺍی و ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎی ﮔﺬﺷـﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳـﯽ ﺍﺳـﺖ.‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﺮﺽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺑـﺮﺍی ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳـﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﯿـﺪی‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺷـﺪ. ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻈـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑـﺮﺍی‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺭوﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﯾﮕﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺳﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺳـﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﻨﺎﺩ ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ و ﺻـﻮﺭﺕﻫـﺎی ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ)ﺑـﻪﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺩوﺭﻩﺍی و ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎی ﮔﺬﺷـﺘﻪ(، و ﺁﻥﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧـﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ، ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﯽﺗﺎﺑﯽ ﺟﻮﯾـﺎی ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺟـﺎﺭی ﺩﺭﺑـﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨـﺪ. ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ، ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺍﺭﺍﯾـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ، ﺑﺮﺍی ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی ﮐﻢ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ، ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﻣـﺪﻟﯽ ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ ﺑـﻪﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺗﻬﯿـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﻣﻮﻗﻊ و ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ، ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ]81[.‬
‫‪1. Multi-Enterprise Resource Planning‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ...‬

‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی و ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﯿﺎی ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﯾﮏ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍی ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬ ‫و ﺁﻥ ﺍﯾﻦﮐﻪ، ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ، ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭیﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺳﯿﻢ. ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ:‬ ‫1. ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻮﺭی ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﯽﺭﺳﻨﺪ؟‬ ‫2. ﺩﺭ ﭼﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ و ﻓﺮﻣﯽ.‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﯾﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻓﻨﯽ ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽﺭﺳﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﺷﺪ، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ‪ ERP‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭی ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ‪ ERP‬ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﮐـﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏﻫﺎی ﺩوﺭﻩﺍی ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺭوﺯ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ‪ ERP‬ﺷـﺮﮐﺖ ﺟـﯽ‬ ‫ﺩی ﺍﺩوﺍﺭﺩ1 ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍی ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺑـﻪﺻـﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺍﺟـﺎﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﯾﺦﻫﺎی ﺷﺮوﻉ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺟﻤـﻊﺁوﺭی ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﯾـﻒ ﮐﻨـﺪ، ﺑـﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎی ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺗﺴـﻬﯿﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ‬ ‫و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮﻩ، ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎی ﺟﺪﯾﺪی ﮐﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﯾـﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ، ‪ XBRL‬ﺍﺳﺖ. ‪ ،XBRL‬ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﯽ ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫‪ XML‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺟﻬـﺎﻧﯽ وﺏ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ]52[ و ]01[. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑـﻪﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﺑـﻪﻃـﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽﺭﺳﺪ.‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ و ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺤﻈﻪﺍی ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺩوﻡ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ »ﺩﺭ ﭼـﻪ ﺷـﮑﻞ و‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﯽ؟«‬ ‫ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺎﯾﻞﻫﺎی ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ و ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ، ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﺩو ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻠﯽ2 و ﺟﺰﯾﯽ3 ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﮐـﺪﺍﻡﯾـﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ‬ ‫)ﮐﻠﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺰﺋﯽ( ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﻔﯿﺪﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ ﺑﺮﺍی ﯾﮏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫‪1. JD Edward‬‬ ‫‪2. Aggregate‬‬ ‫‪3. Disaggregate‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ـ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 34 ـ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ 5831‬

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‫ﻋﺎﻡ، ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﮑﻞﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ، ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﮐﻠـﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﯽﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨـﺪ و ﺑﻌﻀـﯽ، ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺼــﯿﻠﯽ ﻣــﯽﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨــﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﯾــﺖ ﻫــﺮ ﺩو ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺍﻃﻼﻋــﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ و ﺿــﺮوﺭی ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑــﺮﺍی‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻬـﺎﺭﺕ ﮐـﻢﺗـﺮ، ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳـﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤـﺪوﺩی ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣـﺖﻫـﺎی ﺍﺯ ﭘـﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏﺗـﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ و ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻔﺴـﯿﺮ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﺷـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺭﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨــﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺑــﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ و ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﯽ ﺭوﺵﻫــﺎ ﻣــﯽﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﯾــﮏ ﻣــﺪﻝ ﻫﻨﺠــﺎﺭی ﺑــﺮﺍی‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮏ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﺮﺩ ]81[.‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺪﻝ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ:‬ ‫1‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎی ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﺳﻤﯽﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ]02[‬ ‫2‬ ‫1. ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎی ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ- ﭘﻬﻨﺎی ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ؛‬ ‫2. ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎی ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩوﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ3 – ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﯽ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ؛‬ ‫3. ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ – ﺭﺍﯾﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﮐﻮﭼﮏ4؛‬ ‫4. ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺐ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ – ﺍﻣﻀﺎی ﺩﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ5؛‬ ‫5. ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪﯾﻪﻫﺎی ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ – ﮔﻮﺍﻫﯽﻫﺎی ﺩﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ6؛‬ ‫6. ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ7؛‬ ‫7. ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﮐﺎوی و ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ8؛‬ ‫8. ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎی ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ9؛‬ ‫01‬ ‫9. ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎ )ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽﻫﺎ(‬ ‫01. ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ11 .‬
‫‪1. Information Technology Committees of AICPA‬‬ ‫‪2. Communication Technology – Band Width‬‬ ‫‪3. Remote Connectivity Tools‬‬ ‫‪4. Portable Technology – Notebooks and Palmtops‬‬ ‫‪5. Electronic Authorization – The Digital Signature‬‬ ‫‪6. Electronic Authentication – Digital Certificates‬‬ ‫‪7. Image Processing‬‬ ‫)‪8. Data Mining and On – Line Analytical Processing (OLAP‬‬ ‫‪9. Interconnectivity Tools‬‬ ‫‪10. Agents‬‬ ‫‪11. Database Technologies‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ...‬

‫ﺏ( ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎی ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪ ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﻤـﻦ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﺳـﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ]02[:‬ ‫1‬ ‫1. ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﺻﺪﺍ و ﺻﺤﺒﺖ – ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎی ﺻﺪﺍ‬ ‫2‬ ‫2. ﮐﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎی ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫3‬ ‫3. ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺬﯾﺮ )‪(XML‬‬ ‫4‬ ‫4. ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﺩﺍﻧﺶ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ‬ ‫5. ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺝ( ﺳﺎﺗﻮﻥ ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗـﺎ ﭘﯿﭽﯿـﺪﻩﺗـﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺪﯾﺪی ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ و ﮐـﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﯽﺷـﻮﻧﺪ؛‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﺪوﺩی ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﻤﮑـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺗﻐﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ، ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ:‬ ‫1. ‪ ERP‬؛‬ ‫2. ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ5 ؛‬ ‫3. ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ6 ؛‬ ‫4. ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ]81[.‬ ‫ﺩ( ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪی ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎ ]21[:‬ ‫1. ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ، ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ: ﻟﻮﺡ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ؛ ﮐﺎﻏﺬ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ و ‪HTML‬؛‬ ‫2. ‪ ،PLUG- INS‬ﭼﻨـﺪ ﺭﺳـﺎﻧﻪﺍیﻫـﺎ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ‪(Microsoft Mediaplayer, Appels‬‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫‪quicktime, Realplayer‬و ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪی )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪( VRML‬؛‬ ‫3. ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ و ﺗﺎﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﯽﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ: ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ؛ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎی ﺟﺴـﺘﺠﻮ؛‬ ‫‪ JAVA‬و ‪ACTIVE/X‬؛ ﻧــﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫــﺎی ﻫﻮﺷــﻤﻨﺪ و ‪ XML‬و ﺯﺑــﺎﻥ ﮔــﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔــﺮی ﻣــﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫‪XBRL‬؛‬ ‫7‬ ‫و( ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎی ﺑﺮﺗﺮ )ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻮﺵ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ ‪(AI‬‬
‫‪1. Voice and Speach Systems‬‬ ‫‪2. Smart Cards‬‬ ‫)‪3. Extensible Markup Language (XML‬‬ ‫‪4. Knowledge Systems and Knowledge Management‬‬ ‫‪5. group support systems‬‬ ‫‪6. intelligent decision aids‬‬ ‫‪7. Artificial Intelligence‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ـ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 34 ـ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ 5831‬

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‫1. ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﺧﺒﺮﻩ؛‬ ‫2. ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎی ﻋﺼﺒﯽ؛‬ ‫3. ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻓﺎﺯی)‪(Fuzzy‬؛‬ ‫4. ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ وﺍﻗﻌﯿﺖ؛‬ ‫5. ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ]31[، ]41[، ]51[ و ]61[.‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺭوﯾﮑﺮﺩ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍی ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ و ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫـﺎی ﻣﻔﺼـﻞ ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺭوی ﺁﻥﻫﺎ، و ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏﻫـﺎی ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺗﻤﺮﮐـﺰ ﻣـﯽﮐﻨـﺪ، ﻣـﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺮﺍی ﻣـﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﺩوﺭﻩﺍی ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. وﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ، ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺭوی ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ و ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭوﺯﺍﻧﻪ، ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭوﯾﮑﺮﺩ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘـﺬﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺗﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ، ﺩو ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺍوﻝ، ﺣﺮﮐـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨـﺪﻫﺎ و ﺭوﯾـﻪﻫـﺎی ﺗﺠـﺎﺭی‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ، و ﺩوﻡ، ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫـﺎی ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﯽ1 ) ﮐﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢﻫـﺎ( ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ ﺍﺗﮑـﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ]81[.‬ ‫وﺍﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ، ﻣﺤـﺪوﺩﯾﺖﻫـﺎﯾﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﯽ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨـﺪﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭی و ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ وﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﯾﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ، ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﯽ و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳـﯽ ﻣﺒـﺎﺩﻻﺕ، ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﭘﯽ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ، ﺿـﺮوﺭی ﺍﺳـﺖ. وﻟـﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺳﺎﻝﻫـﺎی ﮔﺬﺷـﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﻮﺩ و ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻫـﻢ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ. ﻓﻨﻮﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﻧﺎﺷـﯽ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ، ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﯾﺎ ﺭوی ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ، ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﯾﮕﺮی ﺍﺯ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ وﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺒـﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻧـﺎﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ و ﻣﺸـﮑﻮک ﺭﺍ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﻋﻼوﻩ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﯽ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻓﻮﺭی ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ، وﻗﺘﯽ ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ، ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﯾﺪﻩﺁﻝ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣـﻮﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺭوی ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. وﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﯾﻦﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪی ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻠﯽ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺁﯾﻨﺪ. وﺍﺳﺮ ﻫﻼﯾﯽ ]42[ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﻮﻝ و ﺣﻮﺵ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ‬
‫‪1. internal controls‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ...‬

‫ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺤﺚ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﺩﯾﮕﺮی ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ، ﺍﻣﻨﯿﺖ و ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ: ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢﻫـﺎی ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺗﯽ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ، ﺍﻣﻨﯿﺖ وﺏ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ، و ﺩﯾﮕـﺮ ﺣـﻮﺯﻩﻫـﺎی‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮏ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺍﻣﻨﯿﺖ وﺏ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﻤـﻦ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﺳـﻤﯽﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑـﺎ )‪ (AICPA‬و ﺍﻧﺠﻤـﻦ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﺒـﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ1 )‪ (CICA‬ﺍﻣﯿﺪوﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧـﺪ، ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿـﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ. ﺧﻄـﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ و ﻋﻠـﻞ ﺁﻥ ]6[،‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍی ]71[ و ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉﻫـﺎی ﭘﯿﺮﺍﻣـﻮﻥ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺑﺤـﺚ ﺑـﻪﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺴـﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ.‬

‫ﻣﺮوﺭی ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍی ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺯﯾـﺎﺩی ﻧـﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺪوﺩی ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ، ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧـﺖ‬ ‫و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ. ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘـﺎﺕ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﺩﻗﯿـﻖ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭی ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ، ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺍﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮوﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩی ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺕ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮی ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ، ﻣﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﯾﻢ.‬ ‫ﺁﺷﺒﺎﺥ، ﺟﺎﻧﺴﺘﻮﻥ و وﺍﺭﻓﯿﻠﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪﺍی‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﻪوﯾﮋﻩ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﮐﯿﻔﯿـﺖ ﺑـﻪﻣﻮﻗـﻊ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ و ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﯿﺪﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، ﺩﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺴـﺒﯽ ﺑـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺩو وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ و ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﺪﺍﯾﺶ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﺳـﺖ.‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ وﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ، ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ )ﺑـﺮﺍی ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﭼـﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﺰ، ﭼﻪ وﻗﺖ، و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ( و ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ)ﺑـﻪوﯾـﮋﻩ ﺑـﻪﻣﻮﻗـﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ( ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ، ﺭﯾﺴﮏﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ وﺭوﺩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ و ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻨﯿﺖ وﺏ ﺳﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻻﯾﻞ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ. و ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔـﺮی ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘـﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺮﮐﺖﻫـﺎ‬
‫‪1. Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ـ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 34 ـ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ 5831‬

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‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ ﺍﻓﺸـﺎء ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎی ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﯽ و ﺗﻔﮑﯿـﮏ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ وﺏ ﺳـﺎﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ، ﺍﻓﺸﺎءﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﻟﯽﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ]9[.‬ ‫ﺭﺍوﻟﯿﮏ و ﺧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩو ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺕ و ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﺍی ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻪ ﺭﺳـﯿﺪﻧﺪ و ﻫـﺮ ﺩو‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﻋـﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﮐـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧـﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍی ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔـﺮی ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪوﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ]41[ و ]61[.‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺩﯾﺎ، ﺁﻻﻡ و ﻻﯾﻤﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖﺷﺎﻥ، ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺩﻻﯾﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﺮﮐﺖﻫـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴـﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﺍی ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﮐـﻢ ﺁﻥﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ و ﮐﻤـﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎی ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺫﮐﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ ]51[.‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻝ، ﮔﺮﺍﻫــﺎﻡ و ﺑﺎﻟــﺪوﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ 3002 ﺑﯿــﺎﻥ ﮐﺮﺩﻧــﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﺒــﺎﻁ ﺑﺮﺗــﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭوﻧﺪ ﻗﻀﺎوﺕﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﺒـﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﯾﮕـﺮ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ ]11[.‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮی ﻫﯿﺄﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ 0002 ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐـﻪ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧـﺖ ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔـﺮی ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ؛ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ و ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻪﺳﻮی ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ، ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭ ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﺍﻥ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞﮔـﺮﺍﻥ و ﺍﻓـﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﮐﻢ، ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻ و ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳـﯽ ﺁﺳـﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﯿـﺎﺭ ﮐﻠﯿـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ. ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﺮﺩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﯾـﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﯿﺮ.‬ ‫ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺗﻔﺎوﺕﻫـﺎی ﺯﯾـﺎﺩی ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮﺍ و ﺭوﺵ ﺗﻮﺯﯾـﻊ ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ و ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺍﻣﻨﯿﺖ، ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ، ﺑﯽ ﻋـﺪﺍﻟﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎ، ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺪوﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﮔﺮوﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﭘﯽ ﺑﺮﺩﻧـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧـﺖ ﺑـﺮﺍی ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔـﺮی ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺭوﺵ ﭼﺎﭘﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﺭی‬ ‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﯾﺮ؛ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ وﺿـﻌﯿﺘﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﭘـﺎﺭﺍﺩﺍﯾﻢ ﭼـﺎﭘﯽ ﺍﯾﺠـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]21[.‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﺒﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی‬

‫ﺷﮑﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ، ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎی ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ...‬

‫و ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﭼﺮﺧـﻪ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺟﺰ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی، ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﯽﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑـﺎ ﺍﯾـﻦ وﺟـﻮﺩ، ﺭﺷـﺪ ﻓﺰﺍﯾﻨـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻨــﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋـــﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿـــﻞ ﭘﯿـــﺪﺍﯾﺶ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧـــﺖ و ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫـــﺎی ﺁﻥ و ﺍﺳـــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫـــﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی، ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ 7991 ﺳﺎﺯوﮐﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﯾﺪی ﺭﺍ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧـﺪ و ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔـﺮی ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ]9[. ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی،ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏﭘﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ وﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ و ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ وﺏ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌـﻪ ﮐـﺮﺩﻩ و ﻫـﺮ ﻟﺤﻈـﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ ]81[.‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ، ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ )ﺑﻪوﯾـﮋﻩ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧـﺖ، ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫـﺎی ﺁﻥ، و‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞﻫﺎ و ﻓﺮﻣﺖﻫﺎی ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭی ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﯽ ﺑـﺮ ﺁﻥ( ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔـﺮی ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ ﺑـﻪﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی، ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ و ﯾـﺎ ﺟﺎﻧﺸـﯿﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤـﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ، ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺭوﺯ ﺍﻓﺰوﻥ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﻣﻮﻗﻊ و ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ، و ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍی‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﻣﯽﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ )ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎی ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮی ﻧﯿﺮوﻣﻨﺪ(، ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ، ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ]9[، ]11[ و ]21[.‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩی ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎی ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی )و ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ( ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨـﺪﺍﺯ:‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ )ﺑﺮﺍی ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ(، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﺧﺒـﺮﻩ )ﮐﻤـﮏ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ، وﺍﻡ، و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺭﯾﺴﮏ(، ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎی ﻋﺼـﺒﯽ )ﺑـﻪﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺑـﺰﺍﺭ ﭘـﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨـﯽ(، ‪XBRL‬‬ ‫)ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ، ﺍﺑـﺰﺍﺭ ﻗـﻮی ﺑـﺮﺍی ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ و‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ(،ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ )ﻓـﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁوﺭﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ(، ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎی ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ )ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ و ﮐﻤـﮏ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی(، ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ )ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ و ﺗﺄ ﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ؛ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾـﻦﮐـﻪ ﯾـﮏ ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ(، و ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ )ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ( ]ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ 2 ﺍﻟﯽ 42[.‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺯﯾﺎﺩی وﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ، ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ، ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ و ﺭﺟﺤﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺷﮑﻞ( و ﺑـﯽﻃﺮﻓﺎﻧـﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ.‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺴـﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗـﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫـﺎﯾﯽ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺩﺭ وﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻀﺎوﺕ ﺣﺮﻓـﻪﺍی ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺴـﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ـ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 34 ـ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ 5831‬

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‫ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺭوﺵﻫﺎ و ﺭوﯾﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮی، ﺭوﺵ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﭘـﯿﺶ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﺍﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﺁﯾﺎ ﺭوﺵ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ و ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻟﺰوﻣﺎ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ(؟، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿــﺖ ﺗﺄﯾﯿــﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟، ﺑــﯽﻃﺮﻓﺎﻧــﻪ ﺍﺳــﺖ؟، ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺣﺴــﺎﺑﺮﺱ ﺑــﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ ﺑـﻪﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺑـﻪﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺤﻈـﻪﺍی ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﯿـﺎﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ، ﺍﻣﮑـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ ـ ـ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ )ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ، ﯾﺎ ﻟﺤﻈﻪﺍی( وﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ و ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺳـﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺩو ﺑـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺪوﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎ وﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ)ﯾﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﺍوﻝ وﺩﯾﮕﺮی ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ(. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎی ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍی ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩو ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈـﺎﺭ ﻣـﯽﺭوﺩ ﺑـﺎ ﭘﯿﺸـﺮﻓﺖﻫـﺎی ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭی‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ و ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ )ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎی ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ، ﺍﻣﻀﺎءﻫﺎی ﺩﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ و ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪﯾﻪﻫـﺎی‬ ‫ﺩﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ( ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷـﻮﺩ. ﺩﻟﯿـﻞ ﺩﯾﮕـﺮ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ، ﻋـﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ]81[.‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ، ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﯽﮐﻨـﺪ و ﻫـﻢﭼﻨـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺭوﯾﻪﻫﺎی ﯾﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍی ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔـﺮی ﺗﻌﺮﯾـﻒ ﻣـﯽﮐﻨـﺪ. ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺛﺒـﺎﺕ ﺭوﯾـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ و ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی، ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ و ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺷﺪﻩ، ﺍﻓﺸﺎی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺭوﻧﺪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ )ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺭوﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﺭ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ( ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣـﯽﯾﺎﺑـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺩﻟﯿـﻞ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوﺕﻫﺎی ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍ و ﺭوﺵ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﺍﺳﺖ ]9[.‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎی ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨـﺪﺍﺯ: ﺯﺑـﺎﻥ ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔـﺮی ‪) XBRL‬ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮوﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭی ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪی‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ(، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ ﺑـﻪﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﻫﺎ، ﺩﺍﺩﻩﮐﺎوی و ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻫـﻢﺯﻣـﺎﻥ، ﻧـﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫـﺎی ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﯽ ﺑـﺮ ﻫـﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ )ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘـﺬﯾﺮ ﻣـﯽﮐﻨـﺪ( و ﻋﺎﻣـﻞﻫـﺎی ﻫﻮﺷـﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫)ﯾﮏ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ ‪ (EDGAR SCAN‬ﺍﺳـﺖ. ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ ﺑـﺮﺍی ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﮐـﻪ ﻣـﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ و ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ...‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪ(.‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﯾﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ و‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻀﺎﺩ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤــﺎﺩ( و ﻓﻨــﺎوﺭی ﺗــﺎ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﻣــﺮوﺯ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴــﺘﻪ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺗﻀــﺎﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿــﺎﻥ ﺑــﺮﺩﺍﺭﺩ، ﺑﻨــﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺗــﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوﺕ ﺍﺳـﺖ. ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﺪﺍﯾﺶ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ، ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺴـﺒﯽ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺍﯾـﻦ‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ و ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭوﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎی ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺗﻀـﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿـﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ( ]81[ و ]9[.‬
‫ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺍوﻝ: ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ و ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽﺩﺍﺭی وﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ.‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺩوﻡ: ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽﺩﺍﺭی وﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ.‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ: ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽﺩﺍﺭی وﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ.‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ: ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ وﯾﮋﮔـﯽﻫـﺎی ﮐﯿﻔـﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ.‬

‫ﺭوﺵ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ، ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﯿﺪﺍﻧﯽ و ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧـﻪﺍی‬ ‫)ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭوﺵ ﮔﺮﺩﺁوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ( ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺭوﺵﻫﺎی ﮔـﺮﺩﺁوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﯿﺰﻩﺍی ﺍﺯ ﺭوﺵﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧـﻪﺍی و ﻣﯿـﺪﺍﻧﯽ ﺍﺳـﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺭوﺵ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧـﻪﺍی ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﺍی، ﺍﺩﺑﯿﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ و ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍی ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺭوﺵ ﻣﯿﺪﺍﻧﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ، ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿـﺎﺯ ﺑـﺮﺍی ﺗﺄﯾﯿـﺪ و‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﺭﺩ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮔﺮﺩﺁوﺭی ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺭوﺍﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﺮی ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ و ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭﻧﻈﺮ و ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺍﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ وﺍﻗﻊ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒـﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻈـﺮی، ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺗﯽ‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ـ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 34 ـ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ 5831‬

‫81‬

‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ، ﺑﻪﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ، ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪی ﺩﺭﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ، ﺳـﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪی ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )1( ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦﺭو ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻇﻬـﺎﺭﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫و ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺍﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ، ﻣﻬـﻢﺗـﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻼک، ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ و ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮﺍی ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺐ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﮐﺴﺐ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭوﺵ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺁﻟﻔﺎی ﮐﺮوﻧﺒـﺎﺥ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪ. ﺑـﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ 03 ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ و ﺟﻤﻊﺁوﺭی ﺷـﺪ. ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ ،SPSS‬ﺁﻟﻔﺎی ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎﺥ 37/08 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺑـﻪﺩﺳـﺖ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻥﮔﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﻫﻤﺴﻮﯾﯽ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ و ﭘﺎﺳﺦﺩﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ، ﺩﻗﺖ و ﺣﻮﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺒﺬوﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﭘﺮﺳـﺶﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﯾـﺎﯾﯽ و‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ.‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭی‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭی ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ، ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳـﯽ،‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﯿﻦ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ، ﺍﻋﻀـﺎء ﻫﯿـﺄﺕ ﻋﻠﻤـﯽﺩﺍﻧﺸـﮕﺎﻩ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸـﺠﻮﯾﺎﻥ ﺩوﺭﻩ ﺩﮐﺘـﺮی و ﻣﺤﻘﻘـﺎﻥ ﺑﺨـﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘــﺎﺕ ﺳــﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳــﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ، ﮐــﻪ ﺁﺷــﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﮐــﺎﻓﯽ ﺑــﺎ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮﻉ ﺗﺤﻘﯿــﻖ )ﺗــﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی( ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦﮐـﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﮐﯿﻔـﯽ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﺑـﺮﺍی ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷـﻮﺩ. ﺑـﻪ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ )‪ (p‬ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﯿﻢ و ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪوﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭی ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ]1[ :‬
‫=‪n‬‬ ‫‪zα‬‬
‫2‬ ‫2‬

‫) ‪× po (1 − po‬‬

‫2‪ε‬‬

‫=‪n‬‬

‫5 / 0 × 5 / 0 × 2 )69 / 1(‬

‫2)1 /0(‬

‫40 / 69 =‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ 79 ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻮﺩ و ﻣﻤﮑـﻦ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩی ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﯾﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، 031 ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﯾـﻊ ﺷـﺪ.‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ 001 ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺍﺯ 801 ﭘﺮﺳـﺶﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸـﺘﯽ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ،‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.‬

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‫91‬

‫ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ ﻃﺮﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪی ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺸﺎی ﮐﺎﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺭوﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺤﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪی ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ...‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ 1. ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ـ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 34 ـ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ 5831‬

‫02‬

‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻩ 1. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫59%، 0‪ H‬ﺭﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ.‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺍوﻝ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ.‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫59%، 0‪ H‬ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ، ﭘﺲ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺩوﻡ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ.‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫59%، 0‪ H‬ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ، ﭘﺲ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻡ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮﺩ.‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫59%، 0‪ H‬ﺭﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ،‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ.‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫59%، 0‪ H‬ﺭﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ،‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ.‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫‪p-value‬‬

‫ﺭوﺵﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺎﺭی‬

‫ﻓﺮﺽﻫﺎی ﺁﻣﺎﺭی‬

‫ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﯿﺾ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺍوﻝ‬

‫3 ≤ ‪H0 : µ‬‬
‫5.0 < ‪P-value‬‬

‫0‬

‫‪T-Test‬‬

‫3 > ‪H1 : µ‬‬

‫3 ≤ ‪H0 : µ‬‬
‫5.0 > ‪P-value‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﯿﺾ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺩوﻡ‬

‫1‬

‫‪T-Test‬‬

‫3 > ‪H1 : µ‬‬

‫3 ≤ ‪H0 : µ‬‬
‫5.0 > ‪P-value‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﯿﺾ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻡ‬

‫1‬

‫‪T-Test‬‬

‫3 > ‪H1 : µ‬‬

‫5.0 < ‪P-value‬‬

‫1‬

‫‪ANOVA‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﯿﺾ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺟﻔﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻔﺎوﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎ‬

‫3 ‪H 0 : µ1 = µ 2 = µ‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ : 1 ‪H‬‬
‫5.0 < ‪P-value‬‬

‫0‬

‫‪ANOVA‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﯿﺾ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ 11‪H0 : µ1 = µ2 = ... = µ‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺟﻔﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻔﺎوﺕ‬

‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬

‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ : 1 ‪H‬‬

‫ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی‬

‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﯿﺪﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻫـﺮ ﯾـﮏ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍی ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺕ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫـﺎی ﮐﯿﻔـﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣـﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﮑـﻦ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﯽ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﯿﻢ.‬

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‫‪Archive of SID‬‬
‫12‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ...‬

‫ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﮑﻦ ﺑﺮﺍی وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﺍﺻﻠﯽ‬

‫ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻩ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )2(، ﺭﺗﺒـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪی )ﻣﯿـﺰﺍﻥ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ( ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺁﺯﻣـﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﮑـﻦ ﺑـﻪﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﯾـﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎی ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ.‬
‫ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻩ 2. ﺍوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪی )ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ( وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﮑﻦ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎی ﻫﻤﮕﻦ‬ ‫66/3‬ ‫96/2‬ ‫98/0‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺍوﻟﻮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺍوﻝ‬ ‫ﺩوﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻡ‬

‫ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪی ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﮑﻦ ﺑﺮﺍی وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻋﯽ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )3( ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍی، ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﮑﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﻤﮕـﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺍوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺸﻢ، ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.‬
‫ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻩ 3. ﺍوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪی )ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ( وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﮑﻦ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎی ﻫﻤﮕﻦ‬ ‫28/4‬ ‫71/4‬ ‫41/3‬ ‫50/3‬ ‫20/3‬ ‫85/1‬ ‫09/.‬ ‫68/0‬ ‫58/0‬ ‫96/0‬ ‫44/0‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺭوﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪی ﺩﺭﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺸﺎی ﮐﺎﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪی ﺩﺭﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺤﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﯽﻃﺮﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺍوﻟﻮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺍوﻝ‬ ‫ﺩوﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻡ‬

‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬

‫ﺷﺸﻢ‬

‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗـﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺩﺭ‬

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‫‪Archive of SID‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ـ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 34 ـ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ 5831‬

‫22‬

‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﯾﺠـﺎﺩ ﮐـﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ، ﺑـﻪوﯾـﮋﻩ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﺭ ﮐﯿﻔﯿـﺖ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻪﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ.‬ ‫ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﯿﺎﻥﮔﺮ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ وﺟـﻮﺩ ﻣﺰﺍﯾـﺎی ﺑﺴـﯿﺎﺭ ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭی‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍی ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ.‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺭوﻧﺪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ )ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺭوﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﺭ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ( ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑـﺪ ﺩﺭﺣـﺎﻟﯽﮐـﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺷـﺮﮐﺖﻫـﺎی‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ.‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ، ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎی ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )2 و 3( ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺩﺭﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )1(‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.‬

‫ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺷﺪ، ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣـﯽﺷـﻮﺩ. ﺩﺭ وﺍﻗـﻊ، ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭیﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺳﻮﻕ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ و ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی،‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺎ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺕ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎی ﺭوﺯﺍﻓﺰوﻥ ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭی‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭوﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﺭوﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭوﺯ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ )ﻣﺜﺒﺖﺗﺮ( ﯾﺎﺑﺪ.‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ، ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁﺗﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭیﻫﺎی ﺁﺗﯽ ﯾﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﯽ، ﺍﻧﺘﻈـﺎﺭ ﻣـﯽﺭوﺩ ﮐـﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ و‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﺑـﺪ. ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺩﯾﮕـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﯿـﺎﺯﻫـﺎی ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ و ﻣﻌﺎﯾﺐ ﻣﺪﻝ ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔـﺮی ﻓﻌﻠـﯽ)ﺳـﻨﺘﯽ(، ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﻣـﯽﺷـﻮﺩ ﮐـﻪ ﻣـﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﺳـﻮﻕ ﯾﺎﺑـﺪ. ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی ﮐﺸـﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾـﻦ ﻣﺴـﯿﺮ ﮔـﺎﻡ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﺑـﺪﯾﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﻨـﺎوﺭی ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺩﻫـﺪ و‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮیﻫﺎ و ﺍﻓﺸﺎﮔﺮیﻫﺎی ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﯾﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﯿـﺎی‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭی ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ.‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ...‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫1. ﺁﺫﺭ، ﻋــﺎﺩﻝ و ﻣــﺆﻣﻨﯽ، ﻣﻨﺼــﻮﺭ )7731(. ﺁﻣــﺎﺭ و ﮐــﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣــﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ، ﺟﻠــﺪ ﺩوﻡ،‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫2. ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﯾﮕﺎﻧﻪ، ﯾﺤﯿﯽ و ﯾﺤﯿﯽ ﭘﻮﺭ، ﻋﻠﯽ ﺍﮐﺒﺮ)2831(. ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﺮی ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮی ﺗﺠﺎﺭی،‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭ، ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 051، 151، 251.‬ ‫3. ﺧﺴﺘﻮﺋﯽ، ﻫﻮﺷﻨﮓ، ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی )9731(. ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭ، ﺳـﺎﻝ ﭘـﺎﻧﺰﺩﻫﻢ، ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ831،‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ 6-3 و56-26‬ ‫4. ﻋﺮﺏ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﯾﺰﺩی، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ )0831(. ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوﺭی ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺑـﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﻬـﺎی ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﯽ،‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭ، ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ641.‬ ‫5. ﻫﯿﺄﺕ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی )6731(. ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﺮی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی وﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔـﺮی‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ، ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭی و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳـﯽ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳـﯽ،‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ ﺍوﻝ‬ ‫6. ﺍﻟﻬﯽ، ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ و ﺁﺫﺭ، ﻋﺎﺩﻝ)8731(. ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫـﺎی ﻫﻮﺷـﻤﻨﺪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺗﯽ ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ: ﺭوﯾﮑـﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺯی- ﻋﺼﺒﯽ، ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ،ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 1، ﺑﻬﺎﺭ، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ 651-531‬ ‫7. ﺍﻟﻬﯽ، ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ و ﺭﺟﺐ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ، ﻋﻠﯽ )2831(. ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢﻫـﺎی ﺧﺒـﺮﻩ: ﺍﻟﮕـﻮی ﻫﻮﺷـﻤﻨﺪ ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﯿــﺮی، ﺍﻧﺘﺸــﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ﭼــﺎپ و ﻧﺸــﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﮔــﺎﻧﯽ، وﺍﺑﺴــﺘﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﺎﺕ و‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎی ﺑﺎﺯﺭﮔﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫‪8. A Survey of Business and the Internet: The Net Imperative. (1999). The‬‬ ‫43-1:62 ,‪Economist‬‬ ‫‪9. Ashbaugh, H., Johnstone, K. and Warfield, T. (1999). "Corporate‬‬ ‫.752 -142 :)3( 31 .‪Reporting on the Internet". Accounting Horizons‬‬ ‫‪10. Bodnar ,G ,H. Hopwood , W ,S. (2004). "Accounting Information‬‬ ‫.‪Systems". Pearson Prentice Hall‬‬ ‫‪11. Dull, R, B., Graham, A, W. and Baldwin, A, A. (2003). "Web-based‬‬ ‫‪Financial Statement: Hypertext Links to footnotes and their effect on‬‬

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decisions". International Journal of Accounting Information Systems. Vol 4. pp 185-203. 12. Financial Accounting Standard Board Steering Committee. (2000). "Business Reporting Research Project". FASB. www.fasb.org 13. Hollander, A, S., Denna, E, L. and Cherrington, J, O. (1999). "Accounting, Information Technology and the Business Sloution". Tow edit. Irwin/McGraw-Hill. 14. Khan, T. (2002). "Internet Financial Reporting: ahead of time? ". Australian CPA. Octobr. 15. Lodhia, S, k., Allam, A and Lymer. (2003). "Corporate Reporting in the Internet in Australian: An Exploratory Study". Available at teaching.fac.anu.edu.au/BUSN8001/Lodhia/FRPaper.pdf. 16. Ravlice, T. (2000). "Wild Wild Web". Australian CPA Augest. 17. Romney, M, B., Steunbart, P, J. (2000). "Accounting Information Systems". 8 thed. Prentic-Hall. 18. Sutton, S, G. (2000). "The Changing Face of Accounting in an Information Technology Dominated World", International Journal Of Accounting Information Systems, page1-8 19. Tansey, D,T., Darnton,G. and Wateridge, J. (2003). "Business, Information, Technology and Society". Routledge, London and New York. First ed. 20. Top 10 Technologies – Plus 5 For Tomorrow. (1999). Journal of Accountancy. May. pp16-17. 21. Travica, B., Cronin, B. (1995). "The Argo: A Strategice Information System for Group Decision Making". International Journal of Information Systems.vol 15. Issue 3.pp 223-236. 22. Turban, E. and Wetherbe ,J. (2004). " Information Technology for Management ". John Wiley & Sons ,inc. 23. Turban, E.; Rainer R ,K. and Potter ,R ,E. (2005). "Introduction to Information Technology ". John Wiley & Sons ,inc. Third Edition 24. Vserhelyi M. (1998). "Towards an Intelligent Audit: Online Reporting, Online Audit and Other Assurance Services". International Journal Of Accounting Information Systems,6:207-221 25. XBRL. "XBRL: Transforming Business Reporting". (2003). Available at http://www.xbrl.org/ahatisxbrl/index.asp.

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