...Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyze and illustrate the geographical origins of eragrostis tef along with details of its global dispersion. The common name of the crop in Ethiopia is tef. It was chosen for its cultural significance and it’s importance Background In Ethiopia, about 4.9 million acres of land is devoted to its production every year. From 2003-2005 production statistics indicated that tef accounted for about 29% of the land and 20% of the gross grain production of all major cereal cultivation in the country (National Research Council). Eragrostis tef belongs to the grass family Poaceae, and is species of Eragrostis. It contains about 350 species and tef is the only cultivated cereal (Seyfu). Its name tef is originated from the Amharic word yate-tef-ah, which means, “lost”. Since the grains are so small they are easily misplaced (Kloman). It is the world’s smallest food grain and is as small as a grain of sand. It also has quite similar traits to other grains such as quinoa and millet. Tef grows anywhere from 30 to 120 cm in height, with slim stems and long, narrow, smooth leaves. It is a loose or compact panicle. The really small grains are 1.5 mm long, and there are about 2,700 seeds in a gram (Seyfu). The plant uses a Carbon 4 photosynthesis, which uses light efficiently while having low moisture demands. This gives the plant the ability to stand high heat and bright lighting therefore...
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...Mackenzie Parham Art 1030 – R62 Art Review African Art Brooks Museum is well known in Memphis as an art museum filled with many painting, artifacts and exhibits that are ever changing. I decided to make a trip to see the new exhibits, which include “Looking at Women,” photography by Whitten Sabbatini and “Soulful Creatures: Animal Mummies in Ancient Egypt.” Along with these exhibits are their permanent collections, whom which they add to yearly, they include paintings, sculptures, and artifacts from the American to 1990, European to 1900, Modern and Contemporary, Ancient Art and African Art. I have been to this Museum many times in the past and one of the collections of Art that I always gravitate towards is the African Art. This collection of Art consists of artworks from Sudan, Central Africa and West Africa. These objects consisted of ceremonial masks made of wood, feathers, plant fibers, beads, fur, cloth, copper and other miscellaneous objects, Wooden figured called Pounders, religious scrolls and books and other artifacts pertaining to their culture. In this exhibit contained many masks. Two of the mask that was most interesting to me was a mask called the “Elephant Society Mask” and “Bwoom Helmet Mask.” The Elephant Mask was made by canvas embroidered with beads. It was from the Bamileke kingdom. Men that were members of this kingdom called Kuosi wore these masks to major festivals and royal funerals, the mask represent the royal elephant. The Bwoom Mask is from...
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...of climate and geography in the development of Near Eastern civilizations * Identify the Hittites and Assyrians Indian Sub-Continent * Explain the role of climate and geography in the development of early Indian civilization * Recognize and identify key characteristics and features of Harappan and Vedic Aryan civilizations East Asia (China) * Explain the role of climate and geography on the emergence of civilization in East Asia * Identify and describe the key features of Shang and Zhou civilization The Americas * Explain the role of climate and geography in the development of civilization in the Americas * Focus on the Olmecs in Mesoamerica and Chavin de Huantar in the Andes Comparing the Four Great Revolutions * Identify and understand the main points of comparison and contrast between Chinese, Indian, Near Eastern, and Mediterranean philosophy and religion Philosophy in China * Identify and understand the key features and messages of Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism and recognize their shared origins and heritage Religion in India * Identify and understand the key features and messages of the Vedic texts, the Upanishadic sages, the Brahmanic tradition, and the Buddhist worldview, and recognize their shared origins and heritage The Religion of the Israelites * Explain the significance of the monotheistic revolution in world history...
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...Alexander the Civilizer or Alexander the Tyrant? THESIS: Alexander the Great was only 20 years old when he became king in 336, BC and, thanks to his father Philip II and to his education under Aristotle, he was a very competent and able commander. He learned early how to ride a horse, use weapons and command troops. He conquered the Greeks and then led them into battle against the Persians. He liberated Egypt. He then defeated Persia and marched his troops across Iran and Afghanistan, and could go no further because he got sick and died. According to most accounts, he was intelligent, handsome, and a successful military leader, one who cared about his men and paid attention to even the lowest soldier. He respected his enemies by giving them glorious funerals (Darius of Persia) and/or awarding them large expanses of territory after defeating them (King Porus of Paurava). He is credited with playing a huge part in the spread of Greek culture into all the regions he conquered, leading to a flourishing of trade, cultural diversity, art and architecture, education, philosophy, math and science up until the rise of the Roman Empire. By some accounts his quests reached as far north as the Arctic Ocean and as far east as China and he died at the age of 33. Despite all of his accomplishments, both contemporary historians and historians through the ages have seen Alexander in a different light. In this light, Alexander's military prowess were only possible due to the actions...
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...East Africa's Great Rift Valley: A Complex Rift System by James Wood and Alex Guth - Michigan Technological University Part I. The East African Rift System The East African Rift System (EARS) is one the geologic wonders of the world, a place where the earth's tectonic forces are presently trying to create new plates by splitting apart old ones. In simple terms, a rift can be thought of as a fracture in the earth's surface that widens over time, or more technically, as an elongate basin bounded by opposed steeply dipping normal faults. Geologists are still debating exactly how rifting comes about, but the process is so well displayed in East Africa (Ethiopia-Kenya-Uganda-Tanzania) that geologists have attached a name to the new plate-to-be; the Nubian Plate makes up most of Africa, while the smaller plate that is pulling away has been named the Somalian Plate (Figure 1). These two plates are moving away form each other and also away from the Arabian plate to the north. The point where these three plates meet in the Afar region of Ethiopia forms what is called a triple-junction. However, all the rifting in East Africa is not confined to the Horn of Africa; there is a lot of rifting activity further south as well, extending into Kenya and Tanzania and Great Lakes region of Africa. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the general geology of these rifts are and highlight the geologic processes involved in their formation. What is the East Africa Rift System? The...
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...frica’s East A Great Rift Valley: A Complex Rift System Journal Article Review Stephen Underwood, Instructor PHSC 210 Elements of Earth Science March 23, 2012 Introduction The East African Rift System (EARS) seems to be one of the most amazing geographic studies of the world. A rift can be defined as a split in the earth’s surface that becomes wider over time. In this case, the EARS has developed into two plates or branches, which have been named the Nubian Plate and the Somalian Plate. The two branches include a west branch, which consists of the African Great Lakes, and a nearly parallel east branch, which divides Kenya from north to south and enters Tanzania. Because the two branches have become so distinct, there is a common misconception that there is only a single rift in East Africa. However, geologists have discovered a series of rifts in Africa. Thus, the growing number of rifts has become of interest to many geologists and scientist. Brief Overview and Main Points In this article, James Wood and Alex Guth discuss the geographic and physical structure of the East African Rift System as well as the underlying causes of rift formation. The East African Rift (EAR) involves a fracture that has resulted in two branches-- a western branch, consisting of the East African Great Lakes, and an Eastern branch, dividing Kenya completely and entering Tanzania. The EAR has been grouped with other rifts, especially the Ethiopian rift, to form the East African Rift...
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...THE SYNOPTIC APOCALYPSE (MARK 13 PAR): A DOCUMENT FROM THE TIME OF BAR KOCHBA Hermann Detering* he thirteenth chapter of the Gospel of Mark belongs to those texts of the New Testament which have been examined particularly often in recent times. Despite many differences in detail, a certain consensus is apparent between exegeses in so far as they all assume that the text in question, the so-called “Synoptic Apocalypse” (hereafter abbreviated as the SynApoc), arose either in the first or the second half of the first century. This investigation, however, will show that there are a number of factors which exclude such a dating and that numerous of clues indicate rather an origin in the time of the Bar Kochba uprising (132-135 CE). To be sure, the possibility of assigning such a date, which diverges considerably from what is usually taken for granted, does not even occure to most scholars, since the conclusion of their investigation is clearly determined by a prior methodological assumption: since the common assumption is that both Mark and Matthew were written in the second half of the first century, the SynApoc must also belong to this period or even precede it. In my opinion, however, for various reasons, it is highly questionable whether the customary and generally accepted dating of Mark's gospel around 70 CE is correct. Whoever concerns himself with the question of when the Synoptic Gospels arose quickly notices that he has hit upon a genuine weak point in the scholarly study...
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...what exactly the East African Rift System is comprised of. Both of these individuals are qualified to speak on this topic as they are with Michigan Technological Institute, and Mr. Wood has his PhD from Johns Hopkins University. II. Overview and Main Points Africa is an amazing continent with a vast amount of land for wild animals, as well as being a dream for geologists. To start it is important to understand what a rift system is (quote textbook on rift). As the article discusses, in the east African region of Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda this phenomenon is at its greatest height on full display. The most well known and well aged rift is in Ethiopia and is rightfully named the “Ethiopian Rift”. There is also the “Albertine Rift” which along with the Ethiopian Rift makes up the East African Rift. What makes up the entire system are the East African Rift and the “Kenya Rift”. The latter rift is also known as the “Gregory Rift” which is named after the first geologist that mapped it in the early 1900’s. The next logical question becomes one of how do these rifts form, where do they come from? “One popular model for the EARS assumes that elevated heat flow from the mantle (strictly the asthenosphere) is causing a pair of thermal "bulges" in central Kenya and the Afar region of north-central Ethiopia.” (Guth & Wood, 2014). Essentially the bulges are the elevated highlands and mountainous areas. In what is likely a very logical thought, as these bulges...
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...Ancient Egyptian architecture The ancient Egyptian architecture is one of the most celebrated building styles and civilizations in the world history, Egyptians developed a wide variety of buildings and structures such as the pyramids, temples, palaces and monuments Spread along the River Nile (Blakemore, 100). Egypt being a country on a vast Sahara desert, timber was so scarce hence the two most prominent building materials were stones and sunbaked mud bricks. The stones include limestones, granite, coral and sandstone. Since the establishment of the Old Kingdom, big stones and boulders were a preserve of temples and tombs leaving bricks for other uses such as temple precinct walls, town buildings, fortress, palace, temple complexes and annexes (Reich and Cunningham, 35). For the pyramids, mudbricks, gravel, quarry stones and sand were used to build its core. The ancient Egyptian architecture was main massive structures with thick sloping walls based on religious monuments. The walls were sloping with wide base for stability of the mud structures (Dieter, et al., 46). Use of arches in buildings was introduced in the fourth dynasty to replace the post and lintel building structures with flat roofs and massive supporting walls or closed placed pillars (Gates, 102). Commonly on the walls both internal and external and on the columns were hieroglyphic, carvings and pictorial frescoes in visually fascinating colors. Some of the famous buildings and structures of the ancient Egyptian...
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...found that people who lose their jobs suffer lasting damage to their earning potential, their health and the prospects of their children. The longer it takes to find a job the deeper the damage appears to be. In a article by the Washington Post The-long term impact of unemployment it has been found that people who are unemployed eventually dip into their savings, retirement funds, and in many cases borrow money to pay rent, bills, and buy the basic necessities to survive such as groceries and everyday household products. With the prices of gas, food and many other products on the rise it seems like people who are unemployed will continue to struggle even after finding a job. According to studies nothing has been seen like this since the Great Depression when unemployment was at its highest in American history. Many people will accept a lower paying job just to make ends meet regardless of their potential and qualifications for their career field. The Yale economist Lisa Kahn has found similar long-term earnings loss among the college graduates who enter the workforce during a bad economy. Being a parent of three children and another three step-children these findings are truly heart breaking. I am one of the few lucky...
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...Text, Film, and Historical Fact: Soucing “The Name of the Rose” 1. Evaluate the following statement: The film “The Name of the Rose” is an accurate portrayal of the lives of medieval monks. “The Name of The Rose” is a historical murder mystery combining fiction, biblical analysis, medieval studies and literary theory. The movie is very appropriate for historical class, because it simply describes the debate on the poverty of the clergy, but not converted beyond recognition. The scenes of the life in Abbey describe challenges and promises of monastic life. Such characters as dithering abbot and fat cellarer, quirky herbalist and dedicated illuminator demonstrate the variety of occupation and different personalities within the walls of the monastery. The scenes where after the second murder even the abbey became under the apprehension that they are experiencing the last days before the coming of Antichrist, is a perfect evidence that in the fourteen century many experienced divorce from the scholarly world turned to superstition, heretic movements, or apocalyptical outbursts. Moreover, the movie accurately described some parts of daily life medieval monks. The dining sessions, scenes of prayers, psalms and hymns were showed properly. Medieval monks devoted their lives to strict routine and discipline of life. For example, the part where elderly blind monk was angry at other monks because they were laughing claiming that monks never fool themselves. In the movie there...
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...During the 1800s women who went to prison were considered to be guilty both under the moral law and criminal law. The reason for this is because of the fact that she broke the moral laws society sets for women as well as the criminal law in place for all. There were many ways that criminals were punished during the 1800s; hanging, burning, banishment and slavery. The ones that were committing adultery or even killing her husband were automatically burned alive. Those that had only committed a misdemeanor crime were punished by things such as whippings, branding, and being placed in the stocks. There were even social punishments that were put in place just to promote public humiliation and shame to themselves and their families. There was even a mask like cage was placed over the woman’s face so that their husbands and fathers could punish them for being outspoken, gossiping, and disobeying. It was during the late 18th and 19th century there was a complete change in the way that juvenile criminals were treated. The first was that penitentiary life was extremely hard on the youth that were being imprisoned and therefore doing more harm than good. The second was that when the youth were in the prison with the older adults, they were learning bad behavior and habits from them which would cause further problems later on. The last is that the young people would only be rehabilitated if they were treated better by people that understood the children and how they behave. If there was...
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...AFTERSHOCK Protect Yourself and Profit in the Next Global Financial Meltdown Kevin Ung Economics 309, Fall 2010, Section 2 Professor N. Pulchritudoff December 9, 2010 In 2006, with home values high and credit flowing, authors David Wiedemer, Robert Wiedemer, and Cindy Spitzer accurately predicted the popping of the housing bubble, the collapse of the private debt bubble, the fall of the stock market bubble, the decline of consumer spending, and the widespread pain all of this was about to inflict on the rest of our economy. How did they get it so right while others got it so wrong? The authors saw a fundamental underlying pattern that others were—and, unfortunately, are still—missing. It may seem like the worst has come and gone, but it hasn't, say the authors in this new book. Things are not going back to how they were before. In Aftershock, the authors offer the definitive look at what is still to come—and what investors must do to protect themselves. This is not merely a down market cycle, the authors explain, nor is it a typical recession. It is a multi-bubble economy that is being hit by a "Bubblequake"—and the coming Aftershock will be far more dangerous. Aftershock details the next bubbles about to burst, including the Dollar Bubble and the Government Debt Bubble, while there's still time to protect your assets and position yourself to survive and thrive in this dangerous, yet potentially profitable new environment. They offer specific advice on how to profit...
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...The Great Gatsby, F Scott Fitzgerald Chapter 6 Color Analysis May 24, 2011 Jay Gatsby | -“torn green jersey” (104): The color green symbolizes wealth and money. At this time in the book, Gatsby is working for Dan Cody, the guy who greatly supplies his wealth. The fact that the jersey is torn signifies the hard work that Gatsby demonstrates which then leads to him reaping the benefits of hard work. This section furthers to talk about his parents and how they were “unsuccessful farm people” also that Gatsby “was a son of God.” This is to say that although Gatsby’s parents were hard workers, they were unsuccessful in reaching their ideal “American dream”. Gatsby is currently making those dreams happen. He was helping to complete his father’s business, and is therefore relatively “a son of God.”---- The green jersey also symbolizes the new life that he yearns for that is full of wealth. Right at this stage in the book, Gatsby is called different names: Gatsby, James Gats, Jay Gatsby, young Gats: Each name recognizes a different stages of growth towards the Wealthy life.-“His brown, hardened body lived naturally through the half fierce, half lazy work of the bracing days.” (104): Brown is the color of earth, and of “getting down and dirty”. It further symbolizes the humility Gatsby underwent while with Dan Cody. Because the idea of wealth plagued Gatsby (“his heart was in a constant turbulent riot.”), he reaped the fruit of his labor as discussed with the color change discussed...
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...Progressive Era through the Great Depression Latisha Blacknall Dr. James Allen HIS105 Contemporary US History November 5, 2012 In American History there were many turning points that occurred from the Progressive Era through the Great Depression. It was during this period that many historical events shaped Americans current society, politics, economy and culture. The progressive era was a time period that American people needed. When society was going through urbanization, this movement was needed to survive the harsh conditions they were forced to live and work in. If it had not been for the muckrakers, the progressive era might not have received the attention that was needed to become a success. They wrote newspaper columns about the unsatisfactory conditions people were forced to live and work in while the government did nothing. The progressive era also brought awareness to the importance of education and started the reformation of the system. It was during this time that more schools were built and teachers’ salaries were raised. There was two major turning points in the in progressive era, the first is the Women Suffrage Movement. The National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), which was founded in 1890, the second is The National Women’s Party (NWP) which was founded in 1913 and was led by Alice Paul. NAWSA worked many states to try and convince opponents that women were a valuable asset to society and deserved the right to vote. Alice Paul was more...
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