...LOCATION: The Great Lakes civilization consists all of the area surrounding the Great lakes. This location is subject to all of the seasons such as winter summer fall and spring but the most noticeable are summer and winter. I chose this location for my civilization because it has one of the most important resources for human beings, that resource being fresh water. Another benefit that my civilization has other than fresh water is the way my civilizations people can use the lakes to hunt for food by fishing. A disadvantage of my civilization is that the yearly temperatures are a bit colder than more southern civilizations which hurts my civilizations ability to farm for food. As a result my civilizations population is very low compared to...
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...Water & Power Project Adeva Hotz, Chance Berchenbriter, Linda Reed PHIL 2103 11.12.2012 Brown, Lee Water & Power Project The lawsuit filed by the Chickasaw and Choctaw nations protecting their water rights To Sardis Lake, in Southeastern Oklahoma is a hot bed for controversy. Many say the "Thirst Wars" will be a defining issue of our times. (waterfuture.com) This paper will speak as to why the lawsuit filed against the State of Oklahoma Is relevant, along with the states position in overriding a 175-year old treaty. Finally, offer insight as to why a long-term comprehensive water plan should be the objective. One that can benefit all of Oklahoma, rather than a select grouping. Sardis Lake is a reservoir in Southeastern Oklahoma, renowned for its bass fishing, and water activities. It is also a central focus of multiple lawsuits, as communities such As Oklahoma City to Ft. Worth, fight over the water rights. (nytimes.com 2011) The Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations joined the fight this summer by filing its own lawsuit, putting a hold on the states plans to transfer water out of Sardis Lake. Gregory Pile, Chief of the...
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...residing in them, the North American Great Lakes are the world’s largest freshwater system (TEACH). Including Lake Erie, Michigan, Huron, Superior, and Ontario, the five lakes are an important source of fresh water and are home to many species of wildlife. However, with the belief that water could dilute any substance, the lakes also became a destination of dumping grounds for many different types of pollutants. Ranging from point source pollution such as industrial waste from drainage pipes to non-point source pollution like pesticide and fertilizer runoff from farms, these pollutants and others have had adverse effects on the lakes. Such adverse effects include reducing the water quality, contaminating soils, and damaging the lake ecosystems. This damage produces harmful repercussions on the fish and wildlife stocks, and to the humans surrounding the Great Lakes region as well. To observe this, we will analyze the tissue concentrations in lake trout of four influential pollutants in Lake Huron, to see if there is a correlation to the total biomass of the lake trout. BACKGROUND Sources of Pollution in the Great Lakes Point-source pollution refers to a direct source of pollution, such as a pipe or other vessel. Early industries like pulp and paper companies located in the Great Lakes region believed that anything could be dissolved in water, and thus neutralized. As a result, many wastes (such as mercury) were dumped into the Great Lakes. There have also been observations...
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...Bertubin HST 400 Dr. Rees 10/22/13 The War of 1812 The war of 1812 was a war that many people have forgotten. However it is a war that has shaped our country to what it is today. There are many variables to take into consideration when breaking down the war and how each positive and negative action has impacted our country. Importantly enough, the battles that took place on the Great Lakes significantly determined control over the Lakes and easy access for the British from the north. One battle in particular was the battle at Lake Erie. Oliver Hazard Perry was able to lead a fleet of ships against the giant Royal Navy. Throughout this paper I will discuss the buildup of tension on the lakes, hardship of building the fleets, recruiting manpower and supplies, and the infamous battle at Put-In-Bay. All of these events have a monumental impact on how the rest of the war could have played out. During the war of 1812 America wasn’t the only country having conflict with Great Britain. Great Britain was dealing with the Napoleonic wars lead by none other than Napoleon of France. This is important because this took heavy amounts of tension off the Americans because Britain was fighting a war back home. Okay, now we turn our path to Lake Erie. Early on in the war the United States didn’t put much emphasis on the importance of Lake Erie. Not up in till a couple of events took place on the lakes did the Americans pay closer attention to the lake. The first beginning with General...
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...would normally sew the skins of the boat. A ‘tulik’ was normally laced to the kayak, and this would create a waterproof seal so when the man capsized, they could Eskimo roll to regain posture. This influenced the spraydeck made of a waterproof synthetic material that most kayakers use now. Inuits used to have specific ways of measuring their kayaks. For instance the length was normally three times the length of their arm span. And the width of the cockpit was typically the width of the builder’s hips, plus two fists. Today, most kayaks are made of plastic and composite materials such as fibreglass as they are more prone to damage from impact. They have specific features making them streamline and move swiftly and easily through the water. Features such as: * A raised bow * Multi-hull storage – this allows for more stability. * Deck lines – these make it easier to grab hold of the kayak and use it as support if you capsize. * Light- usually weighs between 20-30 kg. Lighter boats are easier to control and don’t wear you out as much on a long journey. * Length- usually about 16ft long. A longer kayak is normally faster. Touring and sea kayaks are usually longer as they are used to cover greater distances. Each different design of kayak is made specifically to be used in...
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...Leopard on American ship Chesapeake in American waters Dartmouth College vs. Woodward: 1819 Supreme Court decision that prohibited the stated from interfering with the privileges granted to a private corporation Embargo Act of 1807: Act passed by Congress prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign port Era of Good Feelings: 1817-1823; period in which the disappearance of the Federalists enable the Republicans to govern in a spirit of nonpartisan harmony Fletcher vs. Peck: Supreme Court decision of 1810 that overturned a state law by ruling it violated a legal contract Treaty of Ghent: December 1814 treaty between US and Britain; ended War of 1812 Impressment: British policy of forcible enlisting American sailors into the British navy Marbury vs. Madison: 1803 Supreme Court decision creating the precedent of judicial review by ruling part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional McCulloch vs. Maryland: 1819 Supreme Court decision upholding constitutionality of Second Bank of the United States and the exercise of federal powers within a state Missouri Compromise: sectional compromise in Congress in 1820 that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state; made slavery illegal in Louisiana territory above 36 deg 30 min north latitude Monroe Doctrine: James Monroe; 1823; W. Hemisphere closed off to further European colonization and the US would not interfere in European affairs Battle of New Orleans: War of 1812 victory for America...
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...latitude that divided Korea after World War II * Adriatic Sea: Water that separates Italy from the Balkan peninsula * Aegean Sea: Water that separates Greece and Turkey * Alps: Mountain range in Europe; contains Mount Blanc and the Matterhorn * Amazon River: Second-longest river in the world, located in South America; greatest waterflow * Andes: Longest mountain range in the world, located in South America * Antarctic Circle: Line of latitude, south of which experiences a period of 24-hour sunlight * Appalachian Mountains: Mountain range in eastern North America * Arabian Sea: Branch of Indian Ocean between India, the Arabian Peninsula, and Somalia * Arctic Circle: Line of latitude, north of which experiences a period of 24-hour sunlight * Atlas Mountains: Mountain range in northwest Africa * Black Sea: Large sea separating parts of Europe and Asia * Cartography: The making of maps * Caspian Sea: Largest inland body of water, located in Asia * Chesapeake Bay: Largest estuary in the United States, bordered by Maryland and Virginia * Coordinates: A position on a map, specified by latitude and longitude, ex: 41N 73W * Death Valley: Desert in California; hottest and lowest location in North America * El Niño–Southern Oscillation: A climate pattern where the temperature of the tropical Pacific Ocean warms about every five years * English Channel: Water separating France from Great Britain *...
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...Janine McAuley The History of the Seven Years War Seven Years' War During the late 1750's and early 1760's, Fredrick of Prussia's invasion of the German state of Saxony had sparked a worldwide series of conflict that also raged in North America. This war was known as the Seven Years' War. It was one of the largest struggles between England and France for dominance in world trade, naval power, and control of the land in North America. For nearly a century, the French and the British had coexisted peacefully in North America. The French explored and claimed a vast region of the land, from Louisiana in the South to the Great Lakes in the North. This region, enclosed by four major cities: Montreal, Detroit, New Orleans, and Quebec, was the Centre of the French empire in North America. (www.digital) history.org For the British, their empire was located at the eastern coastal line of the Atlantic Ocean. Both the French and the British had built communities, trading posts and fortresses to secure a hold on their own claims. Yet, by 1750's, things began to change as both English and French settlements expanded. The religious and commercial tensions began to produce many new conflicts. During this period, the English were getting prepare for the great population leap across the Appalachians into the Ohio valley and beyond. They were not impressed when France tried to claim the Ohio Valley as part of the French territory in the same year while they were prepared to use that region...
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...call. If one is able to recall the setting, one can usually evoke the whole experience. In “Greasy Lake,” by T. C. Boyle and “The Things They Carried,” by Tim O’Brien, we learn just how monumental the setting of an experience can be, especially in a short story. Drawing comparisons between each story will allow the reader to delve even deeper into the importance of setting. Now it is obvious that a story that revolves around a lake that adolescents ravage and the jungles of Vietnam in the heat of the war are nowhere near similar, but they are. Boyle and O’Brien both create magnificent settings, but they differ in the techniques they use to tell their remarkable stories. Both stories rely heavily on setting and we look to the development of characters in those settings and the influence of setting on plot, to illustrate the differences and similarities between the two, which in the end exemplify brilliant short stories. In “Greasy Lake,” the reader is immediately immersed into the story of three foolish kids up to no good, heading to a secret spot in town. Boyle presents us with this spot without hesitation: “the Indians had called it Wakan, a reference to the clarity of its waters. Now it was fetid and murky, the mud banks glittering with broken glass and strewn with beer cans and the charred remains of bonfires” (125). The choice the three kids have made to come to Greasy Lake changes them forever and, without it, there would be no story at all. Boyle successfully familiarizes...
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...A National Plan On April 4, 1808, Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury in the administration of Thomas Jefferson, sent to the Senate his report on roads and canals. It begins with the assertion that " the general utility of artificial roads and canals . . . is universally admitted." The question is, who should build them. In some countries, "these improvements may often, in ordinary cases, be left to individual exertion, without any direct aid from Government." In the American case, two major circumstances," whilst they render the facility of communications throughout the United States an object of primary importance, naturally check the application of private capital and enterprise to improvements on a large scale." The first of these is the relative scarcity of capital. It is much more difficult than in Europe to attract investment by "prospects of remote and moderate profit." The second is " the extent of the territory compared to the population." With a sparse population, local traffic cannot be counted on to make profitable a local improvement. In general, a canal will be unproductive unless it opens " a communication with a natural extensive navigation which will flow through that new channel." For this reason, " some works already executed are unprofitable; many more remain unattempt, because their ultimate productive- ness depends on other improvements, too extensive or too distant to be embraced by the same individuals." " The General Government ", declares the...
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...Minnesota is the northernmost U.S. state apart from Alaska; its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods is the only part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of the 49th Parallel. The state is part of the U.S. region known as the Upper Midwest. The state shares a Lake Superior water border with Michigan and Wisconsin on the northeast; the remainder of the eastern border is with Wisconsin. Iowa is to the south, North Dakota and South Dakota to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba to the north. With 86,943 square miles (225,181 km²) or approximately 2.25% of the United States, Minnesota is the twelfth-largest state. Minnesota contains some of the oldest rocks found on earth, gneisses some 3.6 billion years old or 80% as old as the planet. About 2.7 billion years ago, basaltic lava poured out of cracks in the floor of the primordial ocean; the remains of this volcanic rock formed the Canadian Shield in northeast Minnesota. The roots of these volcanic mountains and the action of Precambrian seas formed the Iron Range of northern Minnesota. Following a period of volcanism 1.1 billion years ago, Minnesota's geological activity has been more subdued, with no volcanism or mountain formation, but with repeated incursions of the sea, which left behind multiple strata of sedimentary rock. In more recent times, massive ice sheets at least one kilometer thick ravaged the landscape of the state and sculpted its current terrain. The Wisconsin glaciation left...
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...it’s portrayal misleading (Bond, Lake & Arthington 2008). A universal definition for a drought is not known but a meteorological drought can be defined as a lack of rainfall for an extended period of time whether it is several years or a season relative to the arithmetic mean for that region (Bond, Lake & Arthington 2008). As a drought is able to have a substantial impact on the natural marine ecosystems, the outcomes that come with it are aggravated both by indirect and direct anthropogenic adjustments to hydro areas such as rivers and the catchments (Bond, Lake & Arthington 2008). Major impacts in rivers are generally the decline of the amount of water and habitation accessibility for the surrounding animals (Bond, Lake & Arthington 2008). Droughts are a frequently occurring matter in Australia with it being a regular element on the climate with most said to have had an affect by the El Nino phase (Bond, Lake & Arthington 2008). As a drought is classified as a natural hazard it’s able to cause a great amount of destruction socially and economically (Bond, Lake & Arthington 2008). The millennium drought is sought to be one of the biggest to leave an impact on the environment (Bond, Lake & Arthington 2008). The millennium drought has had a severe impact on most of the South-Eastern Australia region with most of the rivers undergoing a record low water capacity during this period and in some instances 40% lower than earlier records (Bond, Lake & Arthington 2008). The Southern...
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...party which opposed President James Madison's trade policies (which continued President Jefferson's blockage of trade with Britain and France during the Napoleonic Wars), as well as his continuation of the War of 1812.2 When Madison was re-elected in 1812 the discontent in New England intensified. In late 1813 Madison signed a more restrictive embargo act than any of those approved by Jefferson, this time prohibiting all trade between American ports (the coastal trade) and fishing outside harbors.3This conference occurred at a time in the war of 1812 "when American prospects seemed darkest".3 The purpose of the convention was to discuss "public grievances and concerns" , that is, among other things, the conduct of the war by the Democratic-Republican Party.4 Although the Federalist party was established with the idea of a stronger central government,5 this meeting/convention of New England Federalist adopted a strong states' rights position and expressed its grievances in a series of resolutions against military conscription and commercial regulations.6 The delegates of this convention argued that the Democratic-Republican Congress violated the Constitution by declaring an unwanted war.4 As a result, those states not did not approve of the war had a right to override the action of congress in declaring this war.4 "The report said that New England had a "duty" to assert its authority over unconstitutional infringements on its sovereignty."6 The Hartford Convention's final...
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...Africa to the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile and its tributaries flow through Eleven countries and the river basin drains over three million square kilometers (one tenth of Africa’s total land mass) and is home to more than 300 million people (many of them are among the world’s poorest). Because of its size and variety of climates and topographies, the Nile is one of the most complex river basins in the world. The Nile originates from its major source, Lake Victoria forming the White Nile that flows generally North through Uganda and into Sudan where it meets the Blue Nile at Khartoum, from the confluence of the White and Blue Nile, the Main Nile River flows northwards into Egypt and to the Mediterranean Sea. The Eastern Nile includes the countries of Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt, and encompasses the sub-basins of the Baro-Akobo-Sobat, the Blue Nile, the Tekezze-Settit-Atbara, portions of the White Nile in Sudan, and the Main Nile. All flows in the Nile are the result of rainfall upon the Ethiopian highlands and the Equatorial lakes region. While this rainfall is usually plentiful, it is not always consistent from year to year. The annual average rainfall over the entire Nile basin is approximately 600 mm, ranging from 1200-1600 mm at the headwater regions to near zero at the most northern part of the basin. The seasonal fluctuations of rainfall in the Ethiopian highlands are much greater than those at the source of the White Nile. However, depending on the strength of the monsoon...
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...Its economy greatly benefited from tourists who came to visit the lake for water sports and raft the Colorado River below the dam (Holyoke). However, for environmentalists Glen Canyon ignited a movement that would never again allow a beautiful part of the United States be destroyed for economic prosperity (Holyoke). This was confirmed when Dominy attempted to build a dam in Marble canyon, which was part of the Grand Canyon. From his point of view, Dominy stated that the project would in no way impact the Grand Canyon’s astonishing beauty. This was an easier battle for Brower, as all he had to do was let it be known that the bureau planned to “dam the Grand Canyon”. This statement, created an avalanche of protest that hit Capitol Hill hard (Holyoke). Brawer won and the Central Arizona project diverted water from Lake Havasu instead of building a dam in Marble Canyon. This was the most expensive and last great project created by the bureau. After this, its role changed into maintaining dams rather than building dams...
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