...Greek Architecture Katisha Baker ART/101 Shahara Godfrey, Ph.D. March 10, 2013 Greek Architecture Greek architecture began to be revitalized during the 7th century. Initially, Greek architecture was constructed from wood and mud. The buildings we see today are made largely of limestone. The three periods expressed in these later building are Classical, Hellenistic and Roman. Limestone was quarried and cut into large blocks dressed to fit the need of the builders. Some buildings were constructed from marble. However, this material was prohibitively expensive. Marble was used for sculpture. The main styles of Greek architecture are Ionic and Doric. The Doric style dominated in most of Greece and in Italy. The Doric style is the more formal of the two, with the Ionic style being more decorative and relaxed. A shining example of Greek architecture in the Doric style is the Parthenon. Roman architecture, which is considered to be more advanced in its design and engineering, uses three types of columns. Their most common type is made in the Doric style. It is plain and was used when very heavy structures required support. The Ionic style was, again, employed when more decorative ends were being met. The third type is the Corinthian style column. It has finer details and is considered superior in many ways to the other two types. Roman architecture also employed the use of arches. These were stunning and baffling in their day. The use of arches led to the development of the...
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...In Western culture the Greeks and Romans are citizens of the two most celebrated ancient cultures. “Classical art” was referred to the art of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture which the three primary areas of classical art are painting, architecture, and sculpture. The differences between Greek and Rome art are both interesting and significant for identification. Historically, the Greeks were the primary influences of the Romans in terms of artwork. The most obvious difference between Greek and Roman architecture is the material used. The Greeks used marble and the Romans used concrete. Greek sculptures are associated with white marble, Greek sculpture in the early classical period was often made in bronze during the high classical period. They were made from white marble and were often painted. Roman sculptors also used primarily white marble, though they did not paint their sculptures as Greeks did. Throughout the classical period Greek sculpture consisted primarily of depictions of Gods, mythological scenes and figures. These figures are often sculpted as "heroic nudes," in which the male figure is idealized. Although Roman sculpture, which features many copies of Greek sculptures, is also apprehensive with mythology. Romans often storied emperors and naturalistic examples of noble individuals. The Greeks not only had free-standing sculptures, but also sculpture worked into architecture. The panels primarily ran in horizontal strips above architectural...
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...After the Etruscans, Rome adopted much of their culture, and as a result many aspects of their architecture. But, once the Romans had adopted their style of architecture they rarely changed it. A very important example of this exception is how they adopted their style with Greek elements that they liked. One instance in which this is shown is the Temple of Apollo in Pompeii. It is a rectangular building, with Doric columns surrounding the entire structure, as well as a large and intricate statue of Apollo, both hallmarks of Greek architecture. A case in which the Romans used some Etruscan elements is the Capitoline Temple in Rome. Once the Romans came in contact with the Greeks, they used some of their components, but they always stayed true...
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...Compare/Contrast Greek and Roman Art and Architecture Since the onset of Greek and Roman civilizations centuries ago we have seen the art and architectural worlds evolve into what we know them as today. In fact, many of the ancient Greek styles were duplicated by the Romans and modified to suit their needs. We can still see a lot of Greek and Roman influences in the present day, especially in the architectural world. Below I will cite some examples of Greek and Roman pieces of art and a structure from each culture and detail some similarities as well as some contrasting values. I’d like to begin by comparing some pieces of art. In The Fallen Warrior (Greece) and The Dying Gaul (Roman copy) both clearly represent a tragic event. Both subjects are leaning on the ground and seem to be dying but the reality of the event is more evident in the Gaul sculpture. The wound is clearly visible and the anguish of the subject is captured in his poise. Conversely the subject of the Warrior piece looks rather content and shows no visible injury. Both works are roughly the same size and represent a relatively perfect human structure with attention to muscular detail as well as an idealization of the human body. However, the Warrior sculpture shows less optical fact and more stylization as far as the eyes, mouth and beard are concerned when compared to the almost true to nature elements of the Gaul piece. This shows how some of the Greek foundation was carried along but modified by the...
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...GREEK ARCHITECTURE THE DORIC ORDER: * In their original Greek version, Doric columns stood directly on the flat pavement (the stylobate) of a temple without a base; their vertical shafts were fluted with 20 parallel concave grooves; and they were topped by a smooth capital that flared from the column to meet a square abacus at the intersection with the horizontal beam (entablature) that they carried. The Parthenon has the Doric design columns. * Pronounced features of both Greek and Roman versions of the Doric order are the alternating triglyphs and metopes. The triglyphs are decoratively grooved with three vertical grooves ("tri-glyph") and represent the original wooden end-beams, which rest on the plain architrave that occupies the lower half of the entablature. Under each triglyph are peglike "stagons" or "guttae" (literally: drops) that appear as if they were hammered in from below to stabilize the post-and-beam (trabeated) construction. They also served to "organize" rainwater runoff from above. A triglyph is centered above every column, with another (or sometimes two) between columns, though the Greeks felt that the corner triglyph should form the corner of the entablature, creating an inharmonious mismatch with the supporting column. The spaces between the triglyphs are the "metopes". They may be left plain, or they may be carved in low relief. * The architecture followed rules of harmony. Since the original design came from wooden temples and the triglyphs...
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...Greek and Roman Architecture Melisa Hart ART/101 September 7, 2014 Caleb Kromer Write a summary comparing the characteristics and innovations of each Greek and Roman architecture in 200 to 300 words. Greek architecture inspired Roman architecture, so they have several similarities between them. Together they have created classical architecture that is still greatly remember to this day, but they also share a lot of differences. Most Greek architecture was built to honor their gods, great detail on the outside and inside. Many of the buildings that were built have unique columns, which are used for support, and most of the buildings are more rectangular. The Greeks building many temples. The Greeks developed a set of orders that has a separate type of architecture that is better used in the three orders first Doric, second Iconic, and third Corinthian. The First Temple of Hera is a good example of how the Greeks used columns in their structures. The structure of The Lion Gate in Greece is another example of Greek architecture. This type of building uses post-and-lintel construction, which is something else that the Greeks were famous for. The Romans used more concrete in their structures than the Greeks. The use of concrete allowed them to make larger buildings and unique structures. More of the Roman buildings are preserved than the Greeks due to the use of concrete as well. The Colosseum in Rome is a great example of a famous piece of architecture built from the...
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...Ancient Greek Architecture Ancient Greek Theater Architecture Many aspects of ancient Greek theaters have long been studied and debated. Much of the information about these theaters is based on speculation due to the fact that so little of them still exist today. This lack of remnants especially applies to the architecture of the early Greek Theaters. However, through archeological finds and years of studying the people, the plays, and the architecture of the time, we are able to make many conclusions about these early structures. Greek Theaters are classified into three categories: The early Athenian Theaters, Hellenistic Theaters, and Graeco-Roman Theaters. Like most new inventions or creations, the initial theaters built by the Athenians were very simple. In the fifth century B.C., it became popular to build theaters on the slope of a large hill, or an acropolis, the most famous, being in Athens. These early theaters could be divided into three parts. The theater consisted of the theatron (or auditorium), the orchestra, and the skene (or scene building) (Betancourt). The Greeks would eventually perfect a technique that would fit as many spectators into the theatron as possible. At first the spectators sat on the ground until wooden bleachers were installed. After it was discovered that the wooden bleachers were prone to collapsing, permanent stone seating was built. The architects created concentric tiers of seats that followed the circular shape of the orchestra and...
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...Ancient Greek Theater Architecture Many aspects of ancient Greek theaters have long been studied and debated. Much of the information about these theaters is based on speculation due to the fact that so little of them still exist today. This lack of remnants especially applies to the architecture of the early Greek Theaters. However, through archeological finds and years of studying the people, the plays, and the architecture of the time, we are able to make many conclusions about these early structures. Greek Theaters are classified into three categories: The early Athenian Theaters, Hellenistic Theaters, and Graeco-Roman Theaters. Like most new inventions or creations, the initial theaters built by the Athenians were very simple. In the fifth century B.C., it became popular to build theaters on the slope of a large hill, or an acropolis, the most famous, being in Athens. These early theaters could be divided into three parts. The theater consisted of the theatron (or auditorium), the orchestra, and the skene (or scene building) (Betancourt). The Greeks would eventually perfect a technique that would fit as many spectators into the theatron as possible. At first the spectators sat on the ground until wooden bleachers were installed. After it was discovered that the wooden bleachers were prone to collapsing, permanent stone seating was built. The architects created concentric tiers of seats that followed the circular shape of the orchestra and hugged the rising ground of a hillside...
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...Greek and Roman Architecture Art as been around since the beginning of time and takes form in many different ways. Two of my favorite styles of architecture are Greek and Roman, which started around 600 BC. Since Ancient Greek architecture influenced Ancient Roman architecture there are a lot of similarities in their art, culture, and styles. Even though, there are also a lot of differences because both techniques have unique characteristics. Ancient Greek art form was used to show natural and philosophical things. Greek architecture influenced how the Romans evolved and shaped their architecture. But the Romans art typically took on a type of propaganda form. They would paint people standing broad and tall, clean and healthy, to make them look more appealing to the public, when actually, they were perhaps, below par, if you will. One example of this, which is talked about in the book, The Power of Art, p. 14-15, is the painting of Henry VIII. He is portrayed as a handsome man who is very healthy. He is dressed as best as he could be, wearing bright colors and decorated with beautiful gems as if he is trying to put on a show or make a statement, busting at the seams, when actually he was growing tired with his aging skin. It is believed that his belly in the painting was portrayed to be smaller than it really was. He also had an ulcer on his leg at the time of the painting. Another example of the Romans using paintings as propaganda links to Henry VIII. His fourth wife, Anne...
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...In ancient Greek architecture, there were three main "orders" that guided ancient architects. They were the Doric order, the Ionic order and the Corinthian order. There were also a couple lesser used orders called the Tuscan order and the Composite order. Each Order had a wide variety of rules that could be used in the design and construction of the temples. Shape, details, proportions all had to follow the rules of each separate Order. For example, the Doric order stated that the height of a column should be five and a half times more than its diameter. And the Ionic order stated it should be a smaller ratio, nine to one. Greek architects took the appearance of a building or a temple as basic guide line to the way they constructed it....
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...Caritina Garcia Art 101 Professor Janet Carpenter 11 March 2016 Relief from the Tomb of Mentuemhet This fragment is from a wall relief in the tomb of Mentuemhet, an important figure of the 25th Dynasty. Mentuemhet is one of the most recognizable non-royal names from ancient Egypt. He was the son of a well known Theban family, he rose through the ranks to become the fourth priest of Amun, mayor of Thebes and Governor of upper Egypt. His tomb is the largest ever constructed for a non-royal in Egypt. (“Framework: An Ancient Egyptian Relief from the Tomb of Mentuemhet.” famsf.org) Generally, the 25th dynastic period in Egyptian history was a period of civil and political disorder, but from observing the detailed relief fragment from Mentuemhet’s tomb, it could be assumed that it was also a time of productivity, prosperity and abundance which is illustrated on this very impressive artistic wall relief. Since the Bas relief is a fragment from the Mentuemhet’s tomb, it is only partially displaying part of the entire relief since it appears that some of the relief pieces were broken off probably do to the amount of years that this art relief has been in existence. It is clear that the male and female figures were more than likely workers for Mentuemhet, since it was accustomed for the Priests and Governors of Egypt to have people working for them. The theme is the preparation and offering of food for Mentuemhet and perhaps the food he will be taking with him to his afterlife...
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...the Roman Empire. Roman architects greatly admired Greek design, and because of this much of Roman architecture was based on that of the Greeks. While the Romans did borrow from the style developed by the Greeks, they did not copy their designs, but built on them. The Romans were very innovative in the styles and processes that they used in their constructs. Among their great architectural achievements are the development of the arch, the dome, and the aqueduct (Cartwright Architecture). The implementation of these design concepts allowed the Romans to build monumental structures that were supported by physics instead of countless pillars. Another milestone in their ability to build on such...
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...Compare/Contrast Greek and Roman Art and Architecture Since the onset of Greek and Roman civilizations centuries ago we have seen the art and architectural worlds evolve into what we know them as today. In fact, many of the ancient Greek styles were duplicated by the Romans and modified to suit their needs. We can still see a lot of Greek and Roman influences in the present day, especially in the architectural world. Below I will cite some examples of Greek and Roman pieces of art and a structure from each culture and detail some similarities as well as some contrasting values. I’d like to begin by comparing some pieces of art. In The Fallen Warrior (Greece) and The Dying Gaul (Roman copy) both clearly represent a tragic event. Both subjects are leaning on the ground and seem to be dying but the reality of the event is more evident in the Gaul sculpture. The wound is clearly visible and the anguish of the subject is captured in his poise. Conversely the subject of the Warrior piece looks rather content and shows no visible injury. Both works are roughly the same size and represent a relatively perfect human structure with attention to muscular detail as well as an idealization of the human body. However, the Warrior sculpture shows less optical fact and more stylization as far as the eyes, mouth and beard are concerned when compared to the almost true to nature elements of the Gaul piece. This shows how some of the Greek foundation was carried along but modified...
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...Timeline of Architecture in Texas BY: SM Early settlers brought to Texas their cultural values and traditions. These values and historical civilization features were reflected through the settlers’ survived architectural achievements. Texas architecture compromises diverse structures and legacy from the Spanish colonies to the European expenditures to the Anglo pioneers’ log cabins. The architecture of Texas through the centuries has indeed outlined the cultural history and gave the state a unique Texan identity. Texas architecture can be organized into six periods: Indian, Spanish colonial-Mexican, Republic-antebellum, Victorian, and Early twentieth century Modern [1]. The earliest Indian-Native American, nomadic or Indigenous people were divided to several tribes. The Coahuiltecan and Karankawan lived in the coast of south Texas and the Trans-Nueces, were not organized did not have permanent habitations. Jumanos and Patarabueyes lived in Trans Peco, built homes from mud and sticks. The Apaches and the Comanches, relied on hunting for survival. So their culture was based on moving very often to various places in Texas. They used tepees for shelters, easy to assemble or disassemble for transportation. The caddos lived In Northeast Texas, an agricultural people. They assembled round, thatched shelters, and mounds. Some of their shelters were about 50 feet in diameter. The Pueblo tribe used animal skin or fur and adobe to build their abodes. They made the adobes...
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...Greek Architecture has heavy influence in current society. The Parthenon is a former temple, on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the Goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. It is one, if not the, most famous temple in the world. The architectural styles the Parthenon includes is the Doric Order, and it has classical architecture. The work began under the orders of Pericles to show the wealth and exuberance of Athenian power. The columns used in Greek Architecture are very popular today, popular buildings across the world use them. There are three types of columns the Greeks created; The Doric Column, the Ionic Column, and the Corinthian Column. The Doric Column was the first created, it has smooth, round...
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