...trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal, concrete, and asphalt absorb much more of the sun’s heat and release it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect. Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are very complex and require complicated engineering, but others are simple container gardens that anyone can create with the investment of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work. Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban park and garden spaces, but without taking up the much-needed land. Like parks, rooftop gardens help to replace...
Words: 420 - Pages: 2
...Index Plantation on My Roof Top | Heading | Pages no. | 1. | Outline | 02 | 2. | Introduction | 03 | 3. | How did it come to my mind | 03 | 4. | When did I start | 03 | 5. | Types of plants on my rooftop | 03 | 6. | How and from where the plants are collected | 04 | 7. | Other things with my plantation | 04 | 8. | How it has benefited me | 04 | 9. | How it has benefited the society | 04 | 10. | Cooling urban island | 05 | 11. | Filters | 05 | 12 | Conclusion | 05 | Outline: Thesis Statement: Since my childhood I had a fascination for plants. It was so strong that I felt I belong to a jungle. In a city like Dhaka it is not easy to have a garden of your own, and it was tougher for us as we live in a residential area. Then my father told me that I can build my garden on the rooftop of our house and it was the beginning of my jungle. Plantation on My Roof Top Introduction Since my childhood I had a fascination for plants. It was so strong that I felt I belong to a jungle. In a city like Dhaka it is not easy to have a garden of your own, and it was tougher for us as we lived in a residential area. Then my father told me I can build my garden on the rooftop of our house. And it was the beginning of my jungle. How Did It Come to My Mind Cities are called concrete jungles for obvious reasons; cluttered buildings, congested streets, construction and repair. While urbanites may prefer the fast-paced lifestyle of big cities...
Words: 1076 - Pages: 5
...The Issue of the Urban Heat Island For the first time in 2008 the human population was split evenly between urban and non-urban areas (Population Reference Bureau). Now, three years later, with greater than 50 percent of people live in urban areas, a large proportion of the human population is at risk of danger from urban climate stress. Urban areas drastically alter the natural landscape of the environments they replace and along with that, feed back loops that maintain local climate and ecosystems. The common identifiers of urban and suburban areas such as large buildings, blacktop surfaces, and roof tops not only directly affect the surfaces they replaced and the ecosystems the land supported, but also the stable climate that the land supported. Natural surfaces such as meadows and forests help to maintain local climates by performing multiple environmental services. When replaced by ubiquitous urban surfaces such as vast blacktop parking lots and roads the local evapotranspiration and albedo are reduced and heat-trapping environments are created (Buyantuyev and Jianguo, 2010). The high concentration of impervious low albedo surfaces in urban areas means that heat is more concentrated in those areas compared to their surrounding natural land. This phenomenon occurs in many urban settings and is known as the Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Since the Chinese government began its reform process in 1978, Shanghai, China has been constantly expanding and urbanizing...
Words: 4207 - Pages: 17
...IMPACT OF GREEN ROOF IN REDUCING SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF LAHORE Abstract In Pakistan currently 1/3rd of the population is living in urban areas, it is estimated that by year 2025 almost 50% population would be urbanized [1]. The urbanization results in densely populated areas as well as expansion of cities [2]. The reduction in green spaces and increase in paved surfaces have given rise to urban heat island effect. As component of the research work carried out to investigate the effect of green roofs on indoor temperature in climatic conditions of Lahore, influence of green roofs on surface temperatures has also been monitored. Half hourly temperature variations above green roof surface and conventional built up roof...
Words: 1353 - Pages: 6
...WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE. This is the most important member in the green roof as it prevents water from entering the building. According to G. Wark, (2003), “a green roof can be installed with any kind of waterproofing system, but single-ply...
Words: 1438 - Pages: 6
...climbing from around 62 degrees to 66 degrees.” Urban areas such as Downtown Los Angeles are likely to rise 4 to 4.5 degrees within the next 10 years. My goal is to cut the cost of electric energy and make the city of Los Angeles a much cooler place. The first challenge I will have is to go to city council and try to get them to back up my project and me. The next step would be to get a budget from the city and start working. I can lower the temperature of Los Angeles by implementing green roofs across the city and in particular downtown Los Angeles. The other is to lay down permeable material throughout alleyways and select streets. Both of these solutions have been used in Chicago to help lower the physical temperature of the city. For example the City Hall building in Chicago is half a regular black top roof and the other half a green roof. When measuring the temperature the black topside of the roof was about 160 degrees Fahrenheit, when on the other side of the same building, the green roof side, and the temperature dropped to about 80 degrees Fahrenheit. That is an 80-degree difference. The reason the roofing is such an issue is because all that heat is trapped on top of the building and then moves into the building which makes the it much hotter inside which creates more use of air conditioning, energy, and electricity. The next goal would be to have a “save our city” fundraiser where we can raise money for the project. I truly believe that people will want to contribute...
Words: 694 - Pages: 3
...Asphalt roll roofing is a roof covering that is typically sold in rolls that are 36 inches wide and 33 feet long. Asphalt shingles are precut roof coverings that are normally rectangular in shape. Both products use asphalt in the manufacturing process, and when used as intended and properly installed, both product will keep out the rain. There similarities pretty much end there, but there are several critical differences between the two products. (-- removed HTML --) Intended Use (-- removed HTML --) If your roof rises less than 2 inches vertically for every 12 inches of horizontal run, it has a pitch of 2:12. These types of roofs are often referred to as flat roofs. Only roll roofing is suitable for flat or low-slope roofs; shingles will...
Words: 560 - Pages: 3
...mining, and more. I feel that if we want to improve the soil we need the efforts of everyone. If students and faculty helped make an edible garden with composting, potential green roofs, or created a campus wide green day, we would be helping the dirt one step at a time. Students and faculty should make an edible garden that anyone that wants to participate in can help and mend. An edible garden will be efficient because we can grow our own food using our own waste that we composted. If the faculty could find an area that they won’t be using we should create a waste site where we can put leaves, banana peels, coffee grounds, egg shells, paper, and grass clippings, and more in it. These things decompose into the ground and when mixed they become compost, which is used for fertilizing the soil. This will get us fresh soil to help our vegetables and edible garden to grow better. This garden will let people eat healthier food substances and take part in a community endeavor. However, if we want this to get done then we need petition to get extra ground to work with, so maybe creating green roofs would be more productive. The next idea I feel that would improve the campus would be creating green roof gardens on top of the dorm buildings. I would say on top of the science building, but most have triangular roofs. However, I feel that if...
Words: 783 - Pages: 4
...One of the best materials to consider when trying to replace a damaged or older roof is copper, typically because this material is extremely durable and can last for a very long time before needing to be replaced. Listed below are just three of the many reasons to replace your roof with copper. Copper Roofing Can Help Cool Down Your Home A huge reason to replace your roof with copper is that a copper roof can help cool down your home. While most of the other roofing materials that you can utilize will absorb light and heat from the sun throughout the day, copper is a bit different in that it reflects the light away. When that light is reflected way, it cannot be absorbed as much into the roof of your home and converted into heat that will...
Words: 423 - Pages: 2
...INTRODUCTION Buildings come in various types and shapes, frequently determined by their functions. Unfortunately, there are many types of building defect that may occur in most of the building. Building defect is one of the major components of building that needed attention. Building defect refer to the results in a failure of a component part of a building or structure and causes damage to person or property, usually resulting in financial harm to the owner. Building defect will also reduce the value and the function of a building. There are many types of building defect such as cracking, dampness, spalling, peeling paint, insect or termite attack, corrosion, fungus stain and so on. These building defect can affect the performance and the appearance of the building. Building defect can occur either because of poor design, or low quality workmanship, or because the building was not constructed according to the design, or use of inferior materials. When a building facing defects, the causes of that defect have to identified before any remedial work can be undertaken to remedial it. Therefore, we are required to investigate the building defect of a building. We also have to identify the possible cause of the building defect which occur in that building. We have choose the building of Guest House to make our case study and survey. This building is located at Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang. Guest House is one of the famous hospitality choices for USM visitors...
Words: 2747 - Pages: 11
...Roofing Systems: Ceramic Roof Tiles The use of ceramic roofing tiles has been traced back to as early as 3,000 B.C. and has maintained its existence as a preferred choice for a roofing system because of its latent thermal properties and durability, not to mention its aesthetic appearance (History of Clay Tile). There are a vast quantity of profiles of ceramic, or clay, roofing tiles that include but are not limited to flat, Imbrex and tegula, Roman, pantiles, mission or barrel, and interlocking tiles. Flat clay roofing tiles are the simplest form and are laid in regular, overlapping rows. Imbrex and tegula refer to the ancient Roman pattern of curved and flat tiles that make rain channels on a roof to aid in water run-off. Roman ceramic tiles are flat in the middle with a concave curve at one end and a convex curve at the other to allow interlocking. Pantiles contain an S-shaped profile to allow interlocking and are known for their more rigid pattern, while mission or barrel style clay tiles have a semi-cylindrical mold. Lastly, interlocking tiles are similar to pantiles but have side and top-locking features to improve protection from the elements, especially water and wind (Wikipedia). The installation of ceramic roofing tiles should always be done by professionals and the price varies due to region, installer and job in its entirety. Complex installations for difficulties such as steep slopes, multiple level configurations and skylights will increase the price of...
Words: 491 - Pages: 2
...images of people he knew, e.g. his family or friends, wearing fashionable clothing, in imaginary settings to convey the aspects of heterosexual relationships. Strang has, deliberately, understated “Bank Holiday” for ambiguousness. In the painting we see; a sharply dressed man looking down in (what I assume is) a menu, a nicely dressed woman looking at the man, both are sitting down at a table. We also see; a man in a tuxedo (I assume he’s a waiter), some sort of black pet, presumably a dog, yellow and pink flowers. On the table, there are; orange flowers, a small plate in front of the man, a knife and some sort of a goblet? In the background, to the left, we can see an old man, though only his head and hand, since he is behind some sort of green roof support pillar. In the background to the left we see various liquors. The table, the woman, the man, the pet and the flowers are in the foreground well lit, but as for the background it’s very obscure and barely lit at all. The woman looking at the man could suggest that they’re currently on a date, though seemingly an awkward one, since the man and the waiter is looking down. The woman’s look seems eager yet displeased. Her arms are on the table, making her interest in him more prominent. Her cheeks are red, so either she is blushing and/or wearing make-up. The latter seems likely, since her skin is incredibly pale, and her lips are red. That and the clothes suggest that she is a part of the upper-class and her white gloves may be...
Words: 496 - Pages: 2
...ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURE (FOR SHELL FOOD & GAS STATION) Executive Summary/Proposal: wheeling is a small town with a population 3,400. Located on rural Highway 255, the town is 30 miles south of the city of Chicago and 34 miles north of the city of Wisconsin. Highway 255 connects Chicago and Wisconsin that both have universities and a cumulative population of 200,000 residents. The highway is the main road through town and is used daily by thousands of commuters between the two cities. These commuters sustain a number of road side businesses on Highway 255 that sell flowers, produce and bakery products. In order to get gas in the Wauconda area, commuters currently have to leave the highway and drive three miles into the edge of town. Shell gas station's Food and Gas will offer these commuters gas, organic produce, and a deli. On the way to work, a commuter could stop for gas and pick up a sandwich. On the way home, the same commuter could stop again to pick up something for dinner. Objective: •To capture an increasing share of the commuter traffic passing through Wauconda. •To offer our customers superior products, at an affordable price. •To provide customer service that is second to none •Good quality products at competitive prices. •Excellent customer service that will promote customer loyalty. •A location that will assure that commuters will stop. Mission The mission of Shell’s Food and Gas is to offer commuters...
Words: 857 - Pages: 4
...stone of the corner posts of timber prototypes; however this idea is very controversial. For example, the Romanesque church at Kilmalkedar Co, Kerry provides us with some insight into the skeuomorphic package designs which includes “stone copies of end rafters, finials, and shingles in the form of small, carefully squared blocks of stone.” (O Carragain) This particular church holds high significance and has more skeuomorphic design elements than any other church found. The complex arrangement has also been found in Norwegian stave churches. Kilmalkedar shows detail of both antae and a stone roof in the northern most corner, and unusual finding. It appears as if there are skeuomorphs of bipartite wall plates, and eaves in between the corner post and end rafters. The eave course may indicate that that this was based off of a wooden roof of Romanesque type, where the triangular roof frames extend beyond the lateral walls of the building. Moving on, according to chapter one of Ó Carragáin’s report, and the Book of Kells, there has been recordings of a distinctive outwards thrust in some early medieval churches found throughout Denmark and various other countries in continental Europe. The tresses found in these particular churches are not necessarily common in Ireland, but there is a similarity that is worth mentioning. When contrasting the antae as antae we notice that it is a very common feature across many varieties of architecture. For example, Arthur Champneys believed...
Words: 449 - Pages: 2
...Granbury has seen its share of mysteries over the years, but the town's property owners know that Alpha Roofing can at least solve the mystery of where to find quality, affordable roofing services. Alpha provides an extensive range of services to businesses and homeowners in Granbury, including metal roof installations, flat roof replacements, asphalt shingle installations, roof repairs, siding installations, chimney repairs, maintenance plans, gutter installations, metal fabrication, hail/wind damage inspections and repairs, attic insulation and moss and debris removal. (-- removed HTML --) The History of Granbury (-- removed HTML --) The town of Granbury was little more than a log courthouse and a town square when it was founded. Land for the new town consisted of a 40-acre donation from brothers Jake and Jesse Nutt, early settlers who had arrived in the area in the late 1850s. Abel Landers, the Nutt's uncle, was the first elected county judge after Hood County was formed in 1866, and in a controversial affair, Landers overturned three elections for the selection of the county seat. After much political wrangling, the decision was made to build a new town — Granbury — to serve as the county seat. Many historians believe that Landers deliberately manipulated matters so that his nephews' land would increase in value as the county seat expanded and prospered....
Words: 827 - Pages: 4
