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Discuss Gregory’s top-down (indirect) theory of perception

Gregory’s theory of perception is a top-down theory, the theory states that our mind takes in physical information that we see through the eye and combines this with previous knowledge stored in the brain, in order to make sense of the mass of information that we receive. According to Gregory our brain develops hypotheses to understand the incoming sensory data.
It is a constructivist view as the sensory information on its own is seen as insufficient, therefore what we are seeing is not what is directly in front of us, but is instead a combination of the interaction with the stimulus, our previous knowledge and hypotheses that we create in order to be tested. The fundamental idea of this process is knowledge stored from past experiences, which then affects our perception. However context is also important as this provides us with more information so that we can eliminate hypotheses.

The main supporting evidence for Gregory’s indirect theory is visual illusions as these can be explained in terms of indirect perception through the formation of incorrect hypotheses. The Necker Cube illusion is an example of hypothesis testing and shows how we use additional contextual information to confirm one hypothesis over another. The Cube contains no other additional clues so the red dot seems to move closer and then further away, therefore we cannot solve the illusion. The Necker Cube illusion does not change even when participants know about it, this suggests that hypothesis testing may contribute to our final perception.

The role of previous knowledge and expectations has been demonstrated by many studies one of the most well known is the Müller-Lyer illusion. In this illusion two lines identical in length are placed alongside each other, however the first line has arrows each end pointing outwards and the

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