Free Essay

Groningen Arts Centre

In:

Submitted By chardmavic
Words 3274
Pages 14
Planning by the Groningen Arts Centre

Another opportunity

During a meeting on Tuesday, April 6, 1999, executives of the Groningen Arts Centre raised a number of points, including the following. Karin of Eden (programme coordinator): ‘No performances have been planned for 11 and 12 March 2000, a weekend. Since he is one of the best known Dutch comedians, we thought Tom Hek might be willing to give two more performances at our theatre. But he thinks the five performances planned for May 2000 are sufficient proof of his love of Groningen. Well, I have just been told by a theatrical agency that a Latvian company is going to stage the operetta ‘Der Bettelstudent’ in the Netherlands in March 2000. The agency is asking €22,500,- for two performances – on Saturday and Sunday. I think we should accept this offer. We could price our tickets at €25 each and if each performance draws an audience of 450, we will break even. Just do your sums: 2 x 450 x €25 = €22,500,-’. Jan Dekker (controller): ‘But we had set aside that weekend in March for a big overhaul of the theatre. The theatre is pretty booked up for that period and the technical staff wants to carry out various small repairs’. Karin: ‘Come on Jan, surely you would not leave the theatre empty for a weekend during the high season?’. Jan: ‘Karin, there is something else to consider. We probably would not sell much more than 450 tickets per performance, although I believe we must make a sizeable sum out of that sort of performance’. Harm van Tol (director): ‘I think Jan has a valid point there. Operettas must bring in a good deal of money to cover deficits caused by less marketable performances. But leaving that aside, we have already planned about 15 operas and operettas for next season. I have nothing against that Latvian company, but we must bear in mind that we are supposed to offer a wide range of good performances’. Karin: ‘I’m sorry, but I don’t get it. My proposal will only mean a wider range. It would do no harm. Our fixed costs have already been covered by the municipal subsidy. This operetta is just an extra performance and will not leave us with a deficit. So let’s do it’. Harm: ‘We had better think it over for a couple of days. Early next week we will take a decision. Jan, would you check your files to see what audience numbers such unknown companies tend to attract? If there is a good chance of breaking even and selling 100 more tickets per performance, I might agree with Karin’.

Performing arts in the municipality of Groningen

The city of Groningen is an important population centre in the north of the Netherlands. People come from far and wide, even from other provinces, to its university, university hospital, new museum, large sports centre, and venues where big events are held. This list of regional facilities should also include the Groningen Arts Centre. In other words, Groningen ranks as one of the ten top cities in the Netherlands. The Groningen Arts Centre (GAC) includes four venues; ­ the large concert hall, which seats 1,200; ­ the small concert hall, which seats 450; ­ the city theatre, which seats 700; ­ the indoor plaza, which seats 100.
The GAC is the home base of the North Netherlands Orchestra (NNO). The NNO plays in the large concert hall, which is a suitable venue for all kinds of performances, ranging from concerts to flamenco and from the St Matthew Passion to children’s musicals. The theatre offers most of the main theatre, dance and opera productions that are put on in the Netherlands. The plaza and the small concert hall are suited to a wide range of music and theatre performances. All these forms of entertainment are examples of the performing arts. The GAC is owned by the municipality of Groningen, which is made up of a number of departments, including the Education Culture Sports Welfare Department. This department consists of a number of subdepartments, including the Arts & Culture Subdepartment. Each subdepartment is made up of a number of operating entities. One of the operating entities within the Art & Culture Subdepartment is the GAC.

Planning by the Groningen Arts Centre

Groningen is usually seen by its municipal council as a city where all people interested in the performing arts should be able to find something to suit their taste. For this reason, in 1999 well over 4 million euros was put at the GAC’s disposal, i.e. the balance of its estimated revenue (€4.75 million) and estimated costs (€8.85 million), to enable it to offer a wide range of performances. To do so, the GAC had to take all kinds of decisions on performances, venues, dates and times, and contract terms, e.g. ticket prices. The management of the GAC strives to present a great diversity of performances, i.e. performances that differ in an artistic sense. Some performances are first and foremost for entertainment; they draw a mainstream audience. These performances include Dutch cabaret performances, operettas, and pantomimes at Christmas. Other performances are more ambitious productions, e.g. an experimental performance of Hamlet or atonal music. According to Mr Van Tol, the director of the GAC, these are expressions of ‘more rarefied art forms’. Some performances appeal to only a limited number of people. Not all people are willing to sit through a whole play by Lars Norèn or a symphony by Mahler. The GAC wants to achieve two aims, namely to offer a wide variety of performing arts and – taking account of the GAC’s municipal subsidy – to subsidize some art forms by using profits on mainstream performances to cover deficits on more complex and unconventional performances. The term ‘profit’ refers to the difference between the revenue (box-office receipts) from and the costs incurred for a performance. However, supply and demand determine primarily what performances will be selected by the GAC. Its director and some of his colleagues gather information on what is on offer and decide on contract terms, i.e. number of performances, venue, ticket price, and purchase price. Major venues at Dutch cities compete fiercely to contract well-known Dutch comedians or singers. These artists could fill each venue night after night, but they are often only available for one evening or a few evenings per venue. This fierce competition even leads to bidding procedures. If a famous American pop star wants to give 10 performances in the Netherlands, an agency may approach twenty large venues and ‘award’ the artist to the highest bidders. This may even mean that the pop star is going to give ten performances in Amsterdam and that such cities as The Hague, Utrecht, Groningen, and Eindhoven lose out. Although the four venues of the GAC are not used daily, it is questionable whether they could and should be. The fact of the matter is that 60% is reasonably high capacity usage rate for an attractive venue, partly for the following reasons: ­ almost no supply and demand in the summer season; ­ relatively little demand on certain weekdays (particularly Mondays); ­ time, i.e. one or more days, needed to switch from one type of performance to another, e.g. from a play to an opera; ­ time needed for maintenance and repairs. It takes the GAC a long time to plan the annual season, which runs from September until July. Many of the big performances during the 1999-2000 season, for example, were planned in the autumn of 1998. The dates of concerts by the NNO and dates of the theatre and dance performances during the 1999-2000 season, for example, were fixed before January 1, 1999. In the following months, January up to May 1999, the GAC booked other performances, such as children’s shows, chamber music, and Dutch cabaret. The list of performances was completed in June. Every year, in August, the annual programme is published and sent to a large number of people (about 10,000). Until early September they can put their names down for tickets and a few weeks later the GAC will let them know which performances they can attend. Tickets for oversubscribed performances are allocated by drawing lots. If a performance is not sold out at the beginning of the season, the GAC will sell the remaining tickets until the performance in question. During the season the GAC cannot make many changes to its list of performances. However, sometimes a performance has to be cancelled, e.g. because an artist has fallen ill, and sometimes an extra concert has to be put on at short notice, e.g. because a pop star suddently wants to go on tour or needs money.

Contracts

The GAC draws up contracts for all the performances and concerts to be given at its venues. Every contract sets out the terms and conditions applicable to a particular performance or a number of performances. The GAC uses a variety of contracts rather than standard contracts. The three main types are described below. The first type is the variable-fee contract. In this case, the artist or company involved and the GAC receive fixed percentages of the box-office receipts, for example the comedian Bram de Jong is going to get 75% for his next performance in the theatre and the GAC 25%. Every performance by Bram de Jong used to be a sell-out, but theatre-goers’ interest has begun to wane somewhat. For his most recent performance, the GAC sold only 25% of the 200 tickets for inferior seats in the theatre, i.e. seats behind pillars or in the top balcony. The second type of contract is the fixed-fee contract. In this case, the GAC pays a fixed amount to the artist or company involved, e.g. the GAC is going to pay €6,500,- for a single solo performance by the actress Bridget Masland in the theatre. The third type of contract is a combination of the two types mentioned above, namely the fixed-variable-fee contract. The band Double Dutch, for example, is going to give one performance in the large concert hall. Each ticket is going to cost €17.50 and Double Dutch is to receive: ­ €12,500,- and ­ 50% of surplus box-office receipts, i.e. receipts from tickets sold after a minimum of 800 tickets have been sold.
Double Dutch’s performances are usually reasonably well attended. However, during the last season the last 200 tickets had to be sold at the very competitive price of €6.25 after extra promotional activities amounting to €500,-. The three types of contracts mentioned above can be adapted, if necessary. Sometimes the parties involved need to reach an agreement on the cost of engaging technical staff, e.g. lighting and sound engineers. Will it be borne by the GAC, the artist or the company? Other questions need to be answered too. How much should the impresario be paid, who is going to bear the artist’s accommodation expenses, and who is going to pay for drinks during the intermission (on condition that only Johnnie Walker whiskey is served)? In some cases, particularly those involving fixed-fee contracts, the GAC can set ticket prices at its discretion, although it does have to take account of price-conscious visitors. In the case of the solo performance by the actress Bridget Masland, the GAC could ask €15 for each of the best seats (the stalls: 60% of the total number of seats) and €10 for each of the worst seats (the balcony: 40% of the total number of seats). The GAC would expect to sell about 450 to 500 tickets. Of course it could raise prices, e.g. from €15 to €17.50, but this decision could lead to less demand for tickets for the solo performance, a kind of performance with a limited appeal. In other cases, particularly those involving variable-fee contracts, the GAC negotiates a ticket price with the artist or company involved. The comedian Bram de Jong, for example, does not want the price of a stalls or balcony ticket to exceed €17.50, otherwise it will be too high for price-conscious students. The GAC, too, tends to keep prices reasonably low, because it believes that people on low incomes should have access to all kinds of art forms. To get certain performances, e.g. pop concerts, the GAC has to take part in bidding procedures, as was mentioned before. In these cases, the GAC is faced with even more variables, namely ticket price, fixed fee, variabele fee, and the chance of securing a contract.

Assignment 1[1]

Please calculate the estimated financial results of the contracts mentioned above concerning the next performances by: ­ the comedian Bram de Jong; ­ the actress Bridget Masland; ­ the band Double Dutch; and evaluate these contracts while taking the GAC’s objectives into consideration.

Randy Newman at Groningen

Late January and early February 2000, Randy Newman gave a number of performances in the Netherlands. This famous American singer-songwriter and pianist – whose songs include ‘Short people’, ‘Sail away’ and ‘Political science’ – also visited Groningen. On February 1, 2000, he performed in the large concert hall of the Groningen Arts Centre, which was sold out. Randy Newman’s Dutch tour had been planned in February 1999, when the GAC was invited to join several others in bidding for a contract. During the past ten years the artist had performed twice in the concert hall, which was sold out on both occasions. Tickets for those performances were priced at €17.50 and €18.75 respectively. In February 1999 director Van Tol emphasized the importance of Randy Newman’s visit to Groningen as follows, ‘Randy Newman is a fine artist who is still in tune with the times. And his performance will generate publicity over Groningen, newspapers will write about it and it will draw people from far and wide’. Randy Newman’s impresario specified the following terms: a. Randy Newman (and his impresario) would receive 50% of the box-office receipts and the GAC would receive the remaining 50%; b. the GAC would have to pay a fixed amount to Randy Newman (and his impresario) if it were the highest bidder and its bid was therefore accepted; c. the GAC would be allowed to set a ticket price, without prejudice to the provisions under (a).

Assignment 2

Please specify at least three different bids by the GAC for a single performance by Randy Newman in the large concert hall of the Groningen Arts Centre in January or February 2000. Specify contract terms which are in accordance with the terms a, b, and c mentioned above. Please do a financial analysis of each contract’s advantages and disadvantages to the GAC while taking the GAC’s objectives into consideration. Indicate which bid is the best; give arguments that support your opinion.
NB: Any suppositions added to an analysis must be explained explicitly.

Latvian company

Jan Dekker, the GAC’s controller, did some analyses of performances in the theatre. He analysed performances by little known opera and operetta companies, particularly companies from what used to be the Eastern bloc, and discovered the following: ­ average capacity usage rate: 70%; ­ average ticket price: €22.50; ­ fair capacity usage rates on Fridays and Saturdays, i.e. 80% on average; poor capacity usage rates on Mondays, i.e. 50% on average; on the other days 70% on average.

Assignment 3

Please calculate the estimated financial result of a performance by the Latvian operetta company mentioned above. Do a financial and policy-specific analysis of the opinions held by the three GAC executives mentioned above, while taking the GAC’s objectives into consideration. What advice would you have given to the director of the GAC?
NB: Any suppositions added to an analysis must be explained explicitly.

Disappointing results

The theatre’s results over the first two weeks of March 1999 were rather disappointing. Jan Dekker wondered how that was possible, since March was usually one of the busiest months. He therefore gathered information on those two weeks and listed the data in Table 1.

Table 1 List of performances during the first two weeks of March 1999.
|No. |Type |Estimated ticket |Estimated number |Actual ticket |Actual number |Type of contract |Contractual costs |Extra |
| | |price (€) |of visitors |price (€) |of visitors | |(€) |costs |
|1 |Cabaret |15 |470 |15* |390 |Lump sum |6,000 |No |
|2 |Cabaret |18 |700 |18 |675 |Price ppv |16 ppv |No |
|3 |Cabaret |16 |620 |16 |400 |Mix |5,000 + |No |
| | | | | | | |6 ppv | |
|4 |Cabaret |14 |510 |14 |590 |Lump sum |6,000 |No |
|5 |Theatre |9 |580 |9 |560 |Lump sum |4,500 |No |
|6 |Theatre |10 |540 |10 |650 |Price ppv |8 ppv |No |
|7 |Theatre |13 |500 |13 |350 |Price ppv |10 ppv |No |
|8 |Theatre |10 |450 |10 |570 |Mix |1,000 + |No |
| | | | | | | |6 ppv | |
|9 |Opera |30 |480 |30** |520 |Lump sum |12,000 |No |
|10 |Opera |26 |450 |26 |560 |Price ppv |23 ppv |No |
|11 |Congress |20# |550 |20 |430 |- |- |Yes |
|12 |Anniversary |30# |600 |30 |525 |- |- |Yes |

* 20% of the tickets were sold at a discount of 25%
** half of the tickets sold were sold at a discount of 10%
# these prices are exclusive of extra catering costs per visitor ppv per paying visitor

The following data on each type of performance were available: estimated number of visitors and estimated ticket price, actual number of visitors and actual ticket price paid by the visitors, as well as fees agreed upon with artists and companies. For a few performances, extra costs were incurred, namely catering costs or extra staff costs. These data are listed in Table 2. The congress organizers paid a sum in advance, i.e. a sum equalling the estimated number of visitors multiplied by ticket price plus catering costs per possible visitor. There was no rebate on this sum. The company which celebrated its anniversary paid €20 per paying visitor for catering, in addition to €30 per visitor. The congress organizers and the company were also charged the cost of engaging extra people (i.e. lighting and sound engineers and artists).

Table 2 Extra costs for performances 11 and 12
|No. |Type |Estimated extra staff |Actual extra staff |Catering costs |
| | |costs |costs | |
|11 |Congress |€8,000 |€8,000 |€15 per possible visitor |
|12 |Anniversary |€15,000 |€15,000 |€20 per paying visitor |

The fixed costs over the two weeks mentioned above, including depreciations and interest, were €7,200,-. A proportional part of these costs was allocated to each performance, i.e. €600 (= €7,200 / 12 performances). These fixed costs per performance include standard staff costs, which are the same for each performance because the city theatre requires the same number of people for each performance, e.g. attendants. Moreover, the total number of employees is planned well in advance. Extra staff costs are mentioned in Table 2. The city theatre contracts out its catering to a catering company which bears its own costs and gets the full amount of sales revenues. The city theatre is not involved in catering. If a performance entails extra catering, the theatre will charge the client the catering costs and will pay the full amount to the catering company.

Assignment 4

Prepare a variance analysis on the basis of the data mentioned above. You should not only focus on individual performances, but also consider how the performances could be categorized on the basis of certain characteristics. Indicate which categorizations could yield useful information, then conduct variance analyses and draw conclusions from the analyses.
-----------------------
[1] In all the assignments you can disregard taxes.

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Internet

...incredibly long and rich history, it has changed and developed tremendously since ancient times. Even so, a good deal of its culture and traditions have withstood the test of time. Art is a diverse range of human activities and the products of those activities; this article focuses primarily on the visual arts, which includes the creation of images or objects in fields including painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media. An art centre or arts center is distinct from an art gallery or art museum. An arts centre is a functional community centre with a specific remit to encourage arts practice and to provide facilities such as theatre space, gallery space, venues for musical performance, workshop areas, educational facilities, technical equipment, etc. The creative arts are often divided into more specific categories, each related to its technique, or medium, such as decorative arts, plastic arts, performing arts, textile arts or literature. We do this by: • programming local, national and international music, theatre, cinema, dance and a whole host of workshops • supporting artists who live and work in our region • providing opportunities for all in our community to participate in making art . Studio3 Art Gallery in Mumbai, India deals in Indian Contemporary Art and Modern Art. It has a wide range of Indian Paintings by Indian artists . It carries original paintings in different mediums such as Oil Paintings, Watercolour Paintings , Acrylic Paintings...

Words: 388 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Tender Cleaning

...Window Cleaning Services Ref: JC-2012-WACCES-UNI-WCS-JC November 2012 Invitation to Tender Part One - Introductory Information for Suppliers Name of Applicant______________________________ (please complete) INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION FOR SUPPLIERS The University of Warwick requests that interested Suppliers provide and submit a full proposal for the provision of the Goods and/or Services as specified in the attached Invitation to Tender (ITT) documentation. The ITT consists of the following documentation: Part One - This Introductory Information document. Part Two - The Goods and/or Services Requirement document. Part Three - The Commercial Requirements document. Part Four - The Terms and Conditions document. Should Suppliers be unable to access any of the above documents, or if Suppliers are unclear as to what the documents refer to, Suppliers are invited to contact the Tender Manager. (details below) PROCUREMENT PROCEDURE Interested suppliers are invited to submit their bids based upon the information contained within the complete Invitation to Tender document set. All interested Suppliers must provide their submissions via the University of Warwick’s In-Tend procurement site www.in-tendhost.co.uk/universityofwarwick. Should Suppliers experience difficulties in accessing or using the site they are invited to contact the Tender Manager (details below). Any correspondence from Suppliers relating to...

Words: 12928 - Pages: 52

Premium Essay

Groningens Case

...Planning by the Groningen Arts Centre The city of Groningen is an important population centre in the north of the Netherlands. People come from far and wide, even from other provinces, to its university, university hospital, new museum, large sports centre, and venues where big events are held. This list of regional facilities should also include the Groningen Arts Centre. In other words, Groningen ranks as one of the ten top cities in the Netherlands. The Groningen Arts Centre (GAC) includes four venues; * the large concert hall, which seats 1,200; * the small concert hall, which seats 450; * the city theatre, which seats 700; * the indoor plaza, which seats 100. The GAC is the home base of the North Netherlands Orchestra (NNO). The NNO plays in the large concert hall, which is a suitable venue for all kinds of performances, ranging from concerts to flamenco and from the St Matthew Passion to children’s musicals. The theatre offers most of the main theatre, dance and opera productions that are put on in the Netherlands. The plaza and the small concert hall are suited to a wide range of music and theatre performances. All these forms of entertainment are examples of the performing arts. The GAC is owned by the municipality of Groningen, which is made up of a number of departments, including the Education Culture Sports Welfare Department. This department consists of a number of subdepartments, including the Arts & Culture Subdepartment. Each subdepartment...

Words: 2863 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

Examination of the Economic Governance Mechanism in London and Capacity to Achieve Sustainable Economic Sustainability

...economic development and (ii) achieve competitive economic development. This will be achieved by focusing on the impact of (i) global (ii) European and (iii) the London regions economic governance mechanisms and their impact on London’s capacity to achieve sustainable and competitive economic development. The economic governance mechanism used in London is complex and multi-faceted. Economic development of the London region is driven by many contributors mainly the thirty three boroughs which make up the geographical landscape, Greater London Authority, Background London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and is made up of thirty three boroughs. The spatial structure of London is the city of London which is a square mile in the centre of the area and Greater London are the surrounding areas. London is unique as it houses the main seat of government and is: the most populated urban region Six London boroughs: Hackney, Newham, Tower Hamlets, Islington, Waltham Forest and Barking and Dagenham are in the top ten most deprived Boroughs in England. The green economy such as solar power and wind power is one of the fastest growing sectors with in London despite the economic downturn with 9000 businesses offering employment to 160000 in a sector worth 23-27 billion pounds London is responsible for 24% of the total value of the United Kingdom’s exports At the 2011 censors London population was 8.17 million making it the most...

Words: 2850 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

Calidad de La Empresa

...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0953-4814.htm Leadership style and entrepreneurial change The Centurion operation at Philips Electronics Luchien Karsten University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Leadership style 73 Sjoerd Keulen University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Ronald Kroeze Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Rik Peters University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Abstract Purpose – This paper aims to look at the role of the top and middle management of the Philips organization during the transition from one type of organizational change to another in the 1990s and the role the history of the organisation played in this process. Design/methodology/approach – The paper analysis is based on historical records, literature and interviews with former Philips top managers. Findings – The paper shows that Philips’ leaders used different styles of leadership to create a deliberate atmosphere and willingness to change. The final emergent transformation, however, could only sufficiently materialise while it rejuvenated existing management concepts like Quality Management. The success was partly based on the fact that these concepts played a historical role in the Philips organisation. Originality/value – The paper adds the historical style approach to leadership research and pays attention to the important role of the organization’s history...

Words: 10248 - Pages: 41

Premium Essay

Philips

...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0953-4814.htm Leadership style and entrepreneurial change The Centurion operation at Philips Electronics Leadership style 73 Luchien Karsten University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Sjoerd Keulen University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Ronald Kroeze Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Rik Peters University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Abstract Purpose – This paper aims to look at the role of the top and middle management of the Philips organization during the transition from one type of organizational change to another in the 1990s and the role the history of the organisation played in this process. Design/methodology/approach – The paper analysis is based on historical records, literature and interviews with former Philips top managers. Findings – The paper shows that Philips’ leaders used different styles of leadership to create a deliberate atmosphere and willingness to change. The final emergent transformation, however, could only sufficiently materialise while it rejuvenated existing management concepts like Quality Management. The success was partly based on the fact that these concepts played a historical role in the Philips organisation. Originality/value – The paper adds the historical style approach to leadership research and pays attention to the important role of the organization’s history during processes...

Words: 10260 - Pages: 42

Premium Essay

Kranworth Chair Corporation

...英国大学商科入学标准 General Entry Requirement Students for whom English is a foreign language: To ensure such students benefit from postgraduate study, universities require evidence of proficiency in English. Usual entry requirements are various as follows: Higher: IELTS: 7.0 (minimum 6.5 in all components or 7 in all components) Lower: IELTS: 6.5 (minimum 6.0 in all components) 商科: IELTS 7.0 Normally require an Honours Degree, usually at the 2:1 level or higher 工科: IELTS of 6.5 (no component under 6.0) or equivalent [pic][pic][pic] TOEFL: Internet-based score of 92 (minimum 19 listening, 21 speaking, 19 writing and 20 reading) PTE (Pearson): 62 (minimum 55 in all components) Test dates should be within two years of the course start date. 2. ST ANDREWS 圣安Scotland MLitt International Business MLitt Marketing MSc Economics MLitt English Studies MSc Finance MLitt Finance and Management MLitt Human Resource Management MLitt International Business and Strategy MLitt Management MSc Management and Information Technology MSc Computing and Information Technology MSc Information Technology MLitt TESOL with Distance Learning 2:1 (UK), 2:2 or B+ (Europe), 3.6 GPA (USA), 85% (China), 70% (India) IELTS 7.0 with minimum 6.0 in writing or TOEFL 600PBT/100IBT £17,500 NO GMAT Requirement, 2+2 students’ IETLS may can be waived. 3. Bath 巴斯 England The School of Management: ...

Words: 10116 - Pages: 41

Free Essay

Emundus

...INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING THE 2011 ERASMUS MUNDUS ACTION 1 APPLICATION FORM (EFORM) ERASMUS MUNDUS PROGRAMME CALL 2011 (EACEA 41/10) Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................3 1.1 Presentation and organisation of these instruction notes ....................................................................3 1.2 Definitions .........................................................................................................................................3 1.3 Contents of the Application Package .................................................................................................4 1.4 Application deadline and submission procedure ................................................................................4 1.5 Key reference documents...................................................................................................................6 1.6 The Award Criteria, Experts Assessment and Scoring Mechanism ..................................................7 1.7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) .................................................................................................8 Chapter 2: The Application Package .....................................................................................................................................9 2.1. Document 1 - The Application Form ...

Words: 15007 - Pages: 61

Premium Essay

Individual

...HARVARD Reference Style Guide Notes: Please "copy" the title of a book/an article/whatever (as far as the spelling of words such as "behavior"/"behavioral" are concerned (and this also goes for direct quotations) exactly as in the original. • • • When referring to any work that is NOT a journal, such as a book, article, or Web page, capitalise only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalise the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word. Capitalise all major words in journal titles. If within the same paragraph, reference is made to the same author(s) for a second and further time(s), the year of publication is omitted in the second and further references - as long as it does not lead to confusion. Multiple publications; same author • Same author; different years Normal conventions (author, year, title, etc). • Same author; same year More than one reference by an author in the same year: these are distinguished in order of publication using a lower-case alphabetical suffix after the year of publication (eg 1988a, 1988b, 1988c, etc). The same suffix is used to distinguish that reference for the in-text citations. Order of Listing The List of References is ordered alphabetically by primary authors' surnames. • Multiple authors. o Use the sequence of authors' surnames exactly as given in the publication. The primary author, ie, major contributor,...

Words: 4032 - Pages: 17

Premium Essay

It Manager

...Report 2014 SMART CITY EXPO WORLD CONGRESS 1 SCEWC 2014 5 2 Exhibition Global Partners Supporting Institutions Hosted by Organized by 3 Smart City Plaza Call for Solutions Partners’ Solutions Report 2014 10 12 16 18 18 20 22 24 4 Smart Activities Brokerage Event 1st Smart Cities Investment Forum Job Marketplace Smart City Open Innovation Marketplace SynergyS Internet of Things Big Bang Data Exhibition 26 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 5 Side Events CitiSense City Innovation Summit Rural Smart Grids 32 34 34 34 6 Cities and Countries 36 7 World Smart Cities Awards City Award Project Award Innovative Initiative Award Award Ceremony 40 42 42 42 43 8 Congress Keynotes Plenary Sessions Parallel Sessions 44 48 52 60 SMART CITY EXPO WORLD CONGRESS Beyond urban growth Rethinking the future city Smart City Expo World Congress (SCEWC) has become the leading event in the smart city industry. The 2014 edition recorded its best-ever figures with 10,838 visitors, 3,661 delegates, 275 exhibitors and 370 speakers coming from 92 countries and 440 cities to share the latest thinking on current and future issues related to urban growth. They all met and networked in a 20,000 m2 venue divided into two distinct areas: The exhibition area, which was the global marketplace ...

Words: 20230 - Pages: 81

Premium Essay

Dell Trategic Planning

...HARVARD Reference Style Guide an g ro eh n sa y caxe )sno a ouq ...llllaniiiigiiiiro ehtt niiii sa yllllttcaxe )snoiiiittttattttouq . an g ro ehtt n sa y ttcaxe )sno a ouq an g ro eh n sa y caxe )sno a ouq cer d ro seog os a s h dna( denrecnoc era " aro vaheb" "ro vaheb" sa hcus sdrow o gn eps eh sa ra sa( reve ahw e c ra na koob a o e eh "ypoc" esae P se oN cer d ro seog os a s h dna( denrecnoc era " aro vaheb" "ro vaheb" sa hcus sdrow o gn eps eh sa ra sa( reve ahw e c ra na koob a o e eh "ypoc" esae P se oN ttttceriiiid roffff seog oslllla siiiihtttt dna( denrecnoc era "llllaroiiiivaheb"////"roiiiivaheb" sa hcus sdrow ffffo gniiiilllllllleps ehtttt sa raffff sa( revettttahw////ellllciiiittttra na////koob a ffffo ellllttttiiiitttt ehtttt "ypoc" esaellllP ::::settttoN cer d ro seog os a s h dna( denrecnoc era " aro vaheb" "ro vaheb" sa hcus sdrow o gn eps eh sa ra sa( reve ahw e c ra na koob a o e eh "ypoc" esae P se oN • • • • Order of Listing The List of References is ordered alphabetically by primary authors' surnames. • Multiple authors. o Use the sequence of authors' surnames exactly as given in the publication. The primary author, ie, major contributor, is listed first by the publisher. • Same author: o different years: list the author's references chronologically, starting with the earliest date. o same year: use an alphabetical suffix (eg 1983a, 1983b). Compiled by OpenJournals Publishing When referring to any work that is NOT a journal, such as a book, article...

Words: 4229 - Pages: 17

Premium Essay

Starbucks Marketing Plan

...Strategic Marketing Plan ------------------------------------------------- Lecturer: Erik Kostelijk Student: Parisa Taghipoor Class: ICV4C Date: 19 November, 2010 ------------------------------------------------- 1.0 Introduction & Background ------------------------------------------------- 1.1 Background Established in 1985, Starbucks Corporation is today’s premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the world. Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality whole bean coffees and sells them, along with fresh, rich-brewed coffees, Italian-style espresso beverages, cold blended beverages, a variety of complementary food items, a selection of premium teas, and beverage-related accessories and equipment. The international coffeehouse has built one of the most powerful and recognizable brands in the world upon high-quality coffee and the unique "Starbucks Experience." Starbucks has sought to capitalize on its growing popularity through expansion; the addition of over 1500 stores in just over a year brought its total store count to over 16,600 in 2008. In fiscal 2008, the company's stores (retailer and licensed) generated US$ 10.4 billion in revenue. Starbucks first revolutionized the coffeehouse industry by marketing expensive, high-quality coffee as well as a "third place" between work and home - a warm, clean, and inviting environment where customers go to escape...

Words: 8688 - Pages: 35

Premium Essay

Ijvsanfvuisdnv

...SOCIAL INNOVATOR SERIES: WAYS TO DESIGN, DEVELOP AND GROW SOCIAL INNOVATION DANGER AND OPPORTUNITY CRISIS AND THE NEW SOCIAL ECONOMY Robin Murray 2 TITLE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This essay was written while the author was a Visiting Fellow at NESTA and forms part of a series of publications on methods of social innovation led by the Young Foundation with the support of NESTA. I would like to thank NESTA for their support, and in particular Dr Michael Harris, as well as my colleagues at the Young Foundation, Julie Caulier-Grice and Geoff Mulgan, all of whom have given valuable comments on the text. Published September 2009 CONTENTS 1 CONTENTS 1. The argument 2 5 9 23 39 52 54 55 2. The context of crisis 3. The emerging economic landscape 4. Can the new social economy respond? 5. Social innovation and the crisis of policy Bibliography Weblinks Endnotes 2 DANGER AND OPPORTUNITY CRISIS AND THE NEW SOCIAL ECONOMY 1 THE ARGUMENT The rise of the new social economy This pamphlet argues that the early years of the 21st century are witnessing the emergence of a new kind of economy that has profound implications for the future of public services as well as for the daily life of citizens. This emerging economy can be seen in many fields, including the environment, care, education, welfare, food and energy. It combines some old elements and many new ones. I describe it as a ‘social economy’ because it melds features...

Words: 22113 - Pages: 89

Free Essay

Amazon.Com: an E-Commerce Retailer

...photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the authors. 1 2. Introduction Writing skills are of eminent importance for a lawyer. That is why some courses require you to write a paper and the LL.M. Programme requires you to write a thesis at the end of your studies. There are strict requirements regarding the contents and the procedure. The following guidelines will provide you with information for successful completion. If you would like more guidance during the writing of your thesis, then you are advised to consult the following websites: http://www.learnerassociates.net/dissthes/ (structure and format) http://owl.english.purdue.edu/ (language) http://writingcenters.org/index.php (overview writing centres) The paper/thesis must be in English. This means for most of you, since English is not your native language, that you will encounter difficulties in the conversion of domestic law expressions in English. In order to assist you with translation of legal terms, refer to: Henry Campbell Black, Black’s Law Dictionary, West Group, St. Paul Minn., 1999; J.E. Clapp, Oxford House Webster’s Legal Dictionary, Random House, New York, 1996; or: http://www.duhaime.org/dictionary/diction.htm...

Words: 6176 - Pages: 25

Free Essay

Islamic and Conventional Banking

...INTRODUCTION 1: PREFACE. All praise be to Allah. We praise Him and seek His help, forgiveness and guidance. We seek refuge with Allah from the evil of our own selves and from our evil deeds. Whomsoever Allah guides, none can lead astray, and whosoever He sends astray none can guide. I bear witness that there is no God but Allah alone, with no partner or associate, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger. The following study is conducted due to the presence of one important economic instrument which has different system of management hence to show the similarities and differences between these instruments. Islamic and conventional banks are all banks but having different system of managements, aspects, history, products and even acceptance according to laws. The research will discuss these aspects and more to make people aware of these instruments so as to remove the confusion on them and make them choose the best with the best reasons. This study will be divided in to three chapters. Chapter one will be all about Islamic and Conventional banks, theirs nature, history, products offered and many more. Chapter two will discuss and show the similarities and differences of these banks. Chapter three as the final chapter will discuss the case study of Islamic banks in Tanzania. I pray to Allah to make this study be the sources of awareness about these banks especially in Tanzania where by people haven’t got exactly meaning and differences of these banks...

Words: 14520 - Pages: 59