...The need for a clinical treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) sits at the forefront of research in the psychiatric community. With its emergence as a defined disorder, rather than a label of “extreme trauma” or “shellshock,” PTSD exists as one of the more difficult psychiatric disorders to treat successfully. Although several treatments are available at the clinical level, the success rate for curing the PTSD patient remains small and pervasive. In recent years, mental health providers, through numerous studies and related experiments, concluded that PTSD patients respond most favorably to a multi-layered treatment process. With the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), drug therapy, group-based therapy and other forms of psychotherapy, patients are achieving a higher cure rate and lower rate of re-occurrence. PTSD is an anxiety disorder triggered as a result of an extreme traumatic event in a person’s life. This trauma might be the result of battle, death, abuse, or violence of any sort. The trauma can cause symptoms to manifest within a month of the event or lay dormant for a period of time, according to all definitions of PTSD. This disorder causes the traumatized to continually re-live the event, to separate from anything associated with the event, either perceived or real, and to become numbed to their normal life process. Another specific reaction to PTSD is hyperarousal, or a heightened sense of watchfulness or paranoia. These symptoms are usually...
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...ABSTRACT The article is about the study of the effectiveness of massage therapy for sub acute low-back pain. The study was conducted by comparing comprehensive massage therapy, two components of massage therapy, which are soft-tissue manipulation and remedial exercise with posture education, and placebo of sham laser therapy for the treatment of sub acute low-back pain. The subjects for each group were given six treatments within a month. After a month of study, most of the subjects in the comprehensive massage therapy group reported that their sub acute low back pain is completely gone, while majority of the subjects from the other treatment groups reported that they still have pain. Thus, it was concluded that massage therapy is an effective remedy for patients with sub acute low back pain. INTRODUCTION The introduction clearly states its objective which is to compare the effects of comprehensive massage therapy, soft-tissue manipulation, remedial exercise with posture education, and a placebo of sham laser therapy for treating sub acute low back pain. The researcher states that this study is relevant as many people experience low back pain but no studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of massage therapy as its treatment. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The article clearly stated how the subjects were recruited and the criteria they used in selecting their subjects. They recruited their subjects through email, flyers, and advertisements. They screened the...
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...Medicine & Therapy Abstract Attention deficient hyperactive disorder is a growing diagnosis among adolescents. Two main treatments are medication and behavioral therapy, or a combined treatment is also an option. Naturally there are debates on which treatment is more effective on treating the effects of ADHD. This report provides you with background information about ADHD, the types it’s broken down into, whom it affects, the percentage of adolescents taking medication. Also information on what behavioral therapy is provided. Two studies that have tested a group of children, affected by ADHD, and the types of treatments in order to find out which treatment provides the best results on reducing the effects of ADHD. Introduction Attention deficient hyperactivity disorder is a growing behavioral disorder among America’s adolescents. ADHD is a growing mainly among children from ages 4 through 17. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention 9.5 percent of children ages 4 through 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD as of the year 2007. The CDC also reports that on average the rate of ADHD diagnoses has increased 5.5 percent per year from 2003 to 2007. Boys are about twice as likely to have been diagnosed with ADHD than girls according to the CDC, and diagnoses increase among older teens than among children. ADHD was formerly referred to as Attention Deficient Disorder, ADD, but in 1994 the disorder was classified into three subtypes based on different behavioral...
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...Objective: The researchers who conducted this experiment wanted to improve the engagement of high-risk adolescents and their families in treatment by augmenting in-home family therapy with short and creative experiential activities. Method: A Texan social service agency that serves families with troublesome adolescent children presented families with the opportunity for this study. The recruitment criteria were that the youths were 12-17 years old and were living at home, the family resided within a 30-mile radius of the agency, and at least 1 parent was willing to participate in family therapy sessions. Parents and youth who agreed were provided a full explanation of the study. Researchers documented the number of sessions each family attended in the 12 week period. For the intervention group families, all sessions took place in their homes and their therapy included the addition of experiential activities that were developed to target...
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...Solution Focused Therapy for Children Rhonda Kendrick December 11, 2014 Solution-focused therapy has a unique orientation toward non-problem times. The purpose is to help people target and amplify resources and strengths toward change (Berg, 1994). The article that I researched is about a study of using the framework of solution focused therapy with children. Children were referred by the study for presenting problems involved those relating to “behavior,” such as aggression toward peers or parents, defiance toward teachers, and conduct problems in school (i.e. non-completion of assignments, impulsivity, talking out-of-turn, and other classroom management problems). Referrals were screened out if they reported the need for treatment due to stressful life events, such as sexual abuse or if the child’s family had recently suffered a death or divorce. In the counseling session of the children, the counselors ask them questions concerning what helped them in the past with their problem. The questions asked by the counselors were usually focused on the present or on the future. That reflected on the basic belief that problems are best solved by focusing on what is already working, and how a client would like their life to be, rather than focusing on the past and what isn’t wanted. According to Nunnally (1993), “validating what clients are already doing well, and acknowledging how difficult their problems are encourages the client to change while giving the message that the...
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...stretching is an effective short term treatment for plantar heel pain Strengths * Used the Foot Health Status Questionnaire which has proven good reliability * Decent sample size (n=92) * Moderate success of blinding Weaknesses * Some of the patients in the stretching group had to discontinue stretching due to pain (this is important to note in the patient handout) * Only demonstrated one way of stretching the calf Conclusion: Calf muscle stretching is not recommended for plantar heel pain Level of scientific evidence: 2 Degrees of recommendation: C/D Cryoultrasound therapy in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis with heel spurs. A randomized controlled clinical study C. Costantino, M.C. Vulpiani, D. Romiti, M. Vetrano, V.M. Saraceni Goal: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of cryoultrasound therapy, in comparison to cryotherapy alone Strengths: * Decent sample size (n=84) * No reported side effects or complications Weaknesses * Presence of heel spurs was an inclusion criteria * No placebo * 10 daily treatments lasting 20 minutes each – unrealistic in practice? Conclusion Cryoultrasound has more beneficial effects on pain after 12 months in comparison to cryotherapy alone in treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis with heel spurs Level of scientific evidence: 2 Degrees of...
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...depressed individuals in order to give them the best chance at recovery. Many studies have looked at the effects of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and combination therapy to determine which is best for treating depression. Presented in this paper are two studies who researched the differences. Results were similar to previous studies in that each treatment is equally effective at improving depression in individuals (Iftene, Predescu, Stefan, & David, 2015;...
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...1. Introduction This paper provides a brief overview of evidence based psychological treatments for anxiety disorders. It addresses the following questions: • How common are anxiety disorders? • What psychological treatments have empirical support? • What recovery rates can be achieved with these treatments? • How enduring are their effects? • Is there value in combining psychological treatments with medication? Psychological treatments can be delivered in a variety of formats. This paper restricts itself to the traditional, and most extensively researched, format of face-to-face contact with a fully qualified therapist. For most anxiety disorders the therapy sessions are once weekly for 60-90 minutes spread over a period of 8-20 weeks, with homework assignments in between. However, in specific phobias, the strongest outcomes have been obtained with a single, long (3-5 hour) session with a therapist, followed by a briefer follow-up session a week or so later. 2. How common are anxiety disorders? The most recent British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey1 estimates that 16.4% of the population have a diagnosable anxiety and/or depressive disorder. The diagnostic system that was used in the survey (ICD-10) is different from the diagnostic system (DSM-IV) that has been used in most trials of psychological treatments. For this reason, it is difficult to be precise about the number of individuals in the UK who have anxiety disorders for which there...
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...Annotated Bibliography Alagesan, J., & Shetty, A. (2011). Effect of Modified Suit Therapy in Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy - A Single Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. This source gives background information about suit therapy and how it is an effective intervention for children with cerebral palsy. Alagesan and Shetty’s article focuses on how this alternative therapy is used to improve gross motor movement in children who have cerebral palsy. In the study, thirty randomly chosen children, ages four to twelve years old, were chosen to study the effects suit therapy has on gross motor movement. Gross motor function was measured before and after the intervention, demonstrating the results suit therapy can have on children who have cerebral...
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...was largely restricted to physicians (Miller, Hubble, Chow & Seidel, 2013). Psychotherapy’s arrival was not unnoticed from opposing schools of thought who were quick to question its scientific basis. Traditionally Eysenck (1952) not only challenged psychotherapy’s efficacy but also argued that it was “potentially harmful” (Miller, Hubble, Chow & Seidel, 2013:88). However, supporters of psychotherapy refuted Eysenck’s (1952) view and debate surrounding the fields worth began to accumulate. As a result psychotherapy research for the next few decades would focus on determining whether therapy was effective (House & Loewenthal, 2009). Subsequently, a plethora of studies that demonstrated its efficacy emerged (Smith Miller & Glass, 1980; Lambert & Bergin, 1994; Ahn & Wampold, 2001). So much so, that early studies revealed the treated population fared much better in comparison to their untreated counterparts (Sparks, Duncan & Miller, 2008:1; Asay & Lambert, 1999). The finding that psychotherapy is effective was further supported by “more abstract” mathematical summaries of empirical data (Asay & Lambert, 1999:24) Meta-analysis is just that a mathematical technique that is frequently used to produce estimates of the size of any treatment effects (Asay & Lambert, 1999:24). In applying...
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...Using elements of exposure therapy, Narrative Reconstruction (NR) aims to “create a cohesive and chronological narrative of the trauma while simultaneously addressing the personal significance of the trauma and integrating it in the patient’s autobiographical memories” (Peri and Gofman, 2014). The patients are often encouraged to recall and write about the trauma in an organized manner to identify the thoughts they relate to the event (Vitelli, 2014 pg. 203) and confront the negativity by consolidating every detail of the trauma to fully comprehend the situation. PTSD patients suffer from difficulty in recalling coherent images of the trauma due to: “Confused temporal order, unfinished thoughts, and inability to recall important details,...
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...modify a model that can assist them in what society needs to help prevent at-risk adolescents from making repeated mistakes through a therapeutic process. There are many homes and schools that are in an uproar, because nothing is being done to help families that cannot afford the proper therapy they need to help them. The detention centers are over crowed as well as the prisons. With this being said, this paper will provide the information needed to assist with at-risk adolescents behavior problems that are causing them to be labeled at such an early age. The Behavior Approach with at-risk teens Upon graduation from the University of West Alabama, The author plan to continue her education and obtain her doctorate degree in counseling. After she succeed in her educational endeavors and work in her field of studies to obtain skills and knowledge, she would like become an entrepreneur. She has always dreamed of being her own boss. She plans to open a group home for troubled female adolescents. Starting a group home can be a rewarding way to make a living. With a group home, she has a chance to make a real difference in the lives of children who are at-risk. In return of opening a group home, she will receive love from her residents and the satisfaction that she made a positive difference in their lives. She feels that God has placed her and removed her from situations...
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...multipotent, meaning the cells can only differentiate to different cell types from the same tissue of origin. For instance, blood stem cells can differentiate into many different type of blood cells but cannot differentiate to become muscle or neuron cells. To put it simply, adult stem cell are more specialized (focused on a particular tissue lineage) whereas, embryonic stem cells are more versatile. (Stem Cell Research- Pros and Cons, Date retrieved: 17th September 2011) Another difference between adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells is the ease of culturing these cells. It is significantly easier to cultivate embryonic stem cells in comparison to adult stem cells. Adult stem cells are hard to isolate in mature tissue and have a hard time surviving past a few generations during the in-vitro culturing. Considering stem cell therapy requires a large amount cells, embryonic stem cells are a more feasible alternative as they can grow rather easily in the lab. (Stem Cell Information, Date retrieved: 20th September 2011) However, until now there hasn’t been any accepted medical treatment using embryonic stem cells. This is because embryonic stem cells pose a high cell transplant rejection rate due to rejection by the immune system and also have been said to cause tumours. Though there are immunosuppressive drugs, continuous usage of these drugs may have deadly side effects. Hemotopoietic (blood-forming stem cells...
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...Running Head: BIOSTATISTICS IN NURSING: FINAL PAPER Biostatistics in Nursing: Final Paper Richard Hoinacki Nova Southeastern University NUR 3200 Marcia Derby RN, MSN, Asst Prof. October 15, 2008 Many people develop renal disease and once they become diagnosed with End Stage Renal Disease many have only a few choices when it comes to renal replacement modalities. According to Chapman, M., Fink, N., Finkelstein, F., Marsh, J., Meyer, K., Powe, N., Wu, A. (2004), every year in the United States, nearly 90,000 patients with chronic kidney disease progress to ESRD and begin renal replacement therapy. Most patients optimally would prefer a kidney transplant, but many may not have the ability to find a donor and must get on a transplant list. So while they wait for a suitable kidney donor their only option is dialysis. End Stage Renal Disease patients have two choices of dialysis, either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Chronic dialysis can impose a considerable burden on patients and their families, with regards to health care and their quality of life. Many statistical studies have been done to compare the qualities of life with ESRD patients who are on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. According to Lausevic, M., Nesic, V., Stojanovic, M., Stefanovic, V. (2006), health-related quality of life is a multidimensional concept that includes physical functioning, social functioning, mental health, and general health perceptions. This paper...
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...Annotated Bibliography Alagesan, J., & Shetty, A. (2011). Effect of Modified Suit Therapy in Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy - A Single Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. This source gives background information about suit therapy and how it is an effective intervention for children with cerebral palsy. Alagesan and Shetty’s article focuses on how this alternative therapy is used to improve gross motor movement in children who have cerebral palsy. In the study, thirty randomly chosen children, ages four to twelve years old, were chosen to study the effects suit therapy has on gross motor movement. Gross motor function was measured before and after the intervention, demonstrating the results suit therapy can have on children who have cerebral palsy. The study concluded that suit therapy, when combined with other therapies, is an effective intervention for spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. This source is credible because it was published in the Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences. This means it was peer-reviewed, which makes it credible....
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