...Certain points are cited throughout his reading with respect to the explanation of Gikuyu society. Oral tradition, family clan, age grouping, marriage, religion and sexuality play a reflective role in the lives of the Gikuyu culture. Kenyatta discovers the British taking advantage of the work-force the Gikuyu provide. He additional states that the British took away their right to religion and has described them as an uncivilized and sluggish society. Kenyatta explains that the British took away their right to religion and has described them as an uncivilized and sluggish society. He states that oral custom is a vital trait that a young child in the Gikuyu culture acquires from his birth. Writing and reading were not ideal abilities since the oral tradition permitted the child to grow and adapt to this type of personality. The child was directed through the teachings of his parents so that one day he or her may be able to carry this tradition to their offspring. Folklore, tribal dances, tribal customs, and farming were all taught orally and through hands-on skills. The concept of family clan and age grouping gave the child status and he was nothing without this resource. The family clan consisted of the immediate family within a man and his wife or wives and children. The division of labor and land was all strategically planned out according to sex. Men were given specific duties within the household and in the fields as well as women....
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...CHAPTER I BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Introduction Socializing by teenagers as they move through adolescence is one of the key components to "growing up." Early adolescents usually remain in same-sex groups, with very little social contact with the opposite sex. By the time they reach their mid-teens, the groupings tend to change, often forming a loose confederation of boys and girls. Adolescence years is a crucial time as it is a intermediary phase between childhood and adulthood and when a teenager faces relationship problem at this stage it serves long term effects on him or her. It is true when it is said that most of our development happens during this period both physically and emotionally.If relationship setback is grave, it can even affect teen’s future to quite an extend. A teen relationship contains many elements such as trust, honesty,communication, respect and time management and all play an essential role. If all these elements are balanced or managed effectively by the teenager it leads to healthy relationship. However, when abused or improperly addressed, those same relationship elements can lead to numerous problems. Infatuation or love? Some teens are not able to gauge their feelings well. They might mistakenly takeinfatuation for love. This is the stage when teenagers are most confused about their feelings. They are unable to decide and fail to make right decisions. When they enter into the relationship they might cut off from family and other friends.In...
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...(needs, wants, characteristics), which helps firms better understand the profile of the customers in each segment Segmentation Method | Sample Segments | 1. Geographic | Country, province, city, urban, rural, climate, continent: North America, Asia, Europe, Africa, Region: Atlantic, Central, Western Canada | 2. Demographic | Age, gender, income, education, occupation, ethnic background, religion, family life cycle | 3. Psychographic | Lifestyles, values, self concept | 4. Behavioural | Benefits derived, usage rates, user status. Loyalty | 1. Geographic Segmentation – the grouping of consumers on the basis of where they live * Divide market into separate geographic units of countries, regions, provinces, cities, neighbourhoods, climates, etc. * Then hey can develop appropriate marketing programs according to the areas * Geographic segmentation is most useful for companies who’s products satisfy needs that vary by region 2. Demographic Segmentation – the grouping of consumers to easily measured, objective characteristics such as age, gender, sex, income, education, race, occupation, religion, marital status, family size, family life cycle, and home ownership * These variables are the most common method to define segments because they are easy to identify and because they are...
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...size, distribution, processes, structure, or characteristics.” 5.5.1.1 WHY STUDY DEMOGRAPHY To understand why the populations of some countries are growing and why some are not What happens to societies as their pattern of birth, death or migration change Understanding all these consequences of population change (either growth or decline) 5.5.1.2 SOURCES OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA The kind of information we often seek for are: i. Population size and distribution ii. Population processes (fertility, mortality, and migration). iii. Population structure and characteristics Three major sources of information for these three population processes are: a) Census Information about persons – age, sex, marital status, source of livelihood, place of birth, number of children ever born, etc. Information can be found in official government reports. b) Registration of Vital Statistics Information about events – vital events and their rates are called vital rates – birth and deaths. - Vital registration – marriage, divorce, adoptions, fetal deaths as well as migration c) Sample Surveys - This method produces the same kinds of information and often much more detailed – based on a small sample rather than on the whole population – a sample of the population. - Sample permits a lower total cost and a greater emphasis on the accuracy of the information about each individual. 5.5.1.3 WHO USES POPULATION DATA? I. Demographers ...
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...on masculinity can be used to extract the interview schedule. This will be done through examining the existing phenomena in the body of research on masculinity and to further close the gap between themes that have been addressed and the need thereof to expand on the existing theory should the need arise (Et al). 2. INTERVIEW SCHEDULE 2.1 Section A: Understanding masculinity in the 21st century Franklin describes masculinity as those behaviors, language and practices existing in specific cultural and organizational locations, which are commonly associated with males and thus culturally defined as not feminine. This line of questioning will seek to interrogate the understanding of respondents on the concept of masculinity and various groupings of masculine ideals. Questions:...
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...group that donot take individual differences intoaccount | Prejudice | is most often used to refer to preconceived judgments toward people or a person because of race/ethnicity, gender, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, nationality or other personal characteristics. It can also refer to unfounded beliefs and may include "any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence. | Labeling theory | a sociological approach introducedby Howard Becker that attempts toexplain why certain people are viewedas deviants and others engaging in thesame behavior are not | Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: * Race * Ethnicity * Religion * Gender * Sexual orientation * Age * Disability Category | Stereotype 1 | Stereotype 2 | Stereotype 3 | Race | All Afro American can play basketball | White cannot dance | All Hispanics can speak English | Religion | all Muslims are terrorists. | All Catholic Priests molest boys | Christians are brainwashed | Gender Male | Is to be the financial provider | He is also to be assertive, competitive, independent, courageous, and career-focused. | Hold his emotions in check; and always initiate sex. | Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: * What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? Although stereotypes generally have negative...
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...interests, behaviour and attitudes. Within this segmentation is socio-economic segmentation. These are classified depending on their similarities in income, occupation and education. There is a table used called the social grade definitions table that is used for classifications. Social grade | Social status | Occupation | A | Upper middle class | Higher managerial, administrative or professional | B | Middle class | Intermediate managerial, administrative or professional | C1 | Lower middle class | Supervisory or clerical and junior managerial, administrative or professional | C2 | Skilled working class | Skilled manual workers | D | Working class | Semi-skilled and unskilled workers | E | Those at the lowest level of subsistence | State pensioners or widows, casual or low grade workers | Lifestyle looks at the people and not the product trying to relate lifestyle patterns to purchasing behaviour. A lifestyle is a way that someone behaves, which they have got from part of the community. There are a few models of lifestyle; one of the most well-known is sagacity life cycle groupings. This basically looks at how people have different aspirations and behavioural patterns at different stages in their life. There are four main stages of the life cycle which are pre-family, family, late and dependant. Dependant – mainly under 24s, living at home or full time students Pre-family – under...
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...Lecturer’s Name: Course Code: Date: Introduction In retrospect, society has undergone various dynamics that has seen the society transform from primitive form of social disorder to a more orderly society that embraces democracy and respect for human rights. Conventionally, the society that existed during the medieval and stone age times was fraught with lots of chaos, and people fighting against each other. The society was characterized with the ideology of the survival for the fittest. People scrambled for limited resources that were available. As a result, the weakest members of the society were disadvantaged and faced with the threat of extinction (Furfey, 2005). People later recognized the importance of putting the social chaos to a stop and signing social contracts that would enable members of the community to co-exist peacefully. Members of the society transferred their rights to some few individuals who were bestowed with the duty of leading the society. This era paved way for the formation of various democratic societies, and increased interest in social studies by various sociologists (Coady, 2005). One such sociologist is Mary Wollstonecraft, whose sociological work largely transformed subsequent studies, formation, ideologies and inclinations of the society towards women, education and human rights (Browning et al, 1999). This essay is going to critically evaluate the works of Mary Wollstonecraft as well as a critical analysis of the socialist...
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...Occupational Sex Identification and the Assessment of Male and Female Earnings Inequality According to McLaughlin (1978), research from 1978 expands on investigating whether occupational prestige or status is a determinant for differences between male and female earnings. The focus of the study was whether task differences contribute to earnings differentials between the sexes at a time when there was an explosion of women in the workforce full time (McLaughlin, 1978). The study added a feature to look into occupational structures that were missed from earlier studies and may have biased some individual level analysis because these earlier studies focused on occupation prestige (McLaughlin, 1978). Because researchers believed that women were relegated to low earning positions, it was discovered that the sex identification of the occupation is viewed to have substantial impact on both male and female earnings. The results show that the task based (data, people and things groupings) earning potential of male dominated occupations is higher for men (women earn about 60% less than men) than equally prestigious occupations dominated by females (McLaughlin, 1978). When the task of the job associates the occupation to male identification, both male and females have higher earnings than those occupations with tasks associated with female identification. Therefore, women may not only appeared to flood the labor force in certain occupations, but if they were in female identified occupations...
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...that gained British nationality because they are connected with the UK. British dependent territories citizens: People who live in dependent British colonies like Gibraltar and British Virgin Islands. British Overseas citizens: Groups of people who have a connection with the UK because they lived in a former British colony that is now independent. British Nationals (Overseas): People from Hong Kong were given the chance to acquire this status as many were unhappy at the thought of losing British nationality when Hong Kong was returned to China in 1997. British protected persons: Individuals who had a connection with a former British Protectorate. This is an overseas territory that Britain used to protect, such as the country of Brunei. British subjects: It refers in British nationality law, to a limited class of people defined by Part IV of the British Nationality Act 1981. Under that Act, two groups of people became "British subjects"; the first were people from the Republic of Ireland born before 1949 who already claimed subject status, and the second covered a number of people who had previously been considered "British subjects without citizenship", and were not considered citizens of any other country. This second group were predominantly residents of colonies which had become independent, but who had not become citizens of the new country. Citizen: A citizen...
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...Glossary * Ageing population: A population in which the average age is getting higher, with a greater proportion of the population over retirement age, and a smaller proportion of young people * Arranged marriage: A marriage which is arranged by the parents of the marriage partners, with a view to compatibility of background and status. More a union between two families than two people, and romantic love between the marriage partners is not necessarily present. * Beanpole family: A multi-generation extended family, in a pattern which is long and thin, with few aunts and uncles, reflecting fewer children being born in each generation, but people living longer. * Birth rate: The number of live births per 1,000 of the population per year * Cereal packet family: Sociologists also sometimes talk about ‘the cereal packet family’ - a certain type of nuclear - this refers to the image most people hold of the family. It is also the picture of the family that the media tends to present, especially in adverts. The cereal packet family comprises of Parents and Children. The woman is a housewife and full time mother and the man is the 'breadwinner' i.e. he is the one who has to go to work to earn money. * Classic extended family: A family where several related nuclear families or family members live in the same house, street or area. It may be horizontally extended, where it contains aunts, uncles, cousins, etc., or vertically extended, where it contains more...
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...SIMPOC International Labour Office Global child labour developments: Measuring trends from 2004 to 2008 Yacouba Diallo, Frank Hagemann, Alex Etienne, Yonca Gurbuzer and Farhad Mehran Statistical Information and Monitoring Programme on Child Labour (SIMPOC) International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) Global child labour developments: Measuring trends from 2004 to 2008 Yacouba Diallo, Frank Hagemann, Alex Etienne, Yonca Gurbuzer and Farhad Mehran Copyright © International Labour Organization 2010 First published 2010 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: pubdroit@ilo.org. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Diallo, Yacouba; Hagemann, Frank; Etienne, Alex; Gurbuzer, Yonca; Mehran, Farhad Global child labour developments: Measuring trends from 2004 to 2008 / Yacouba Diallo,...
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...differ is less clear and is the subject of the study of Individual differences (IDs). Although to study individual differences seems to be to study variance, how are people different, it is also to study central tendency, how well can a person be described in terms of an overall within-person average. Indeed, perhaps the most important question of individual differences is whether people are more similar to themselves over time and across situations than they are to others, and whether the variation within a single person across time and situation is less than the variation between people. A related question is that of similarity, for people differ in their similarities to each other. Questions of whether particular groups (e.g., groupings by sex, culture, age, or ethnicity) are more similar within than between groups are also questions of individual differences. Personality psychology addresses the questions of shared human nature, dimensions of individual differences and unique patterns of individuals. Research in IDs ranges from analyses of genetic codes to the study of sexual, social, ethnic, and cultural differences and includes research on cognitive abilities, interpersonal styles, and emotional reactivity. Methods range from laboratory experiments to longitudinal field studies and include data reduction techniques such as Factor Analysis and Principal Components Analysis, as well as Structural Modeling and Multi-Level Modeling procedures. Measurement issues of most importance...
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...MAGAYA v MAGAYA 1999 (1) ZLR 100 (S) Division: Supreme Court, Harare Judges: Gubbay CJ, McNally JA, Ebrahim JA, Muchechetere JA Subject Area: Civil Appeal Date: 2 November 1998 & 16 February 1999 Judgment Number: S-210-98 Constitutional law — Constitution of Zimbabwe 1980 — Declaration of Rights — s 23 — protection against discrimination — discrimination on grounds of sex — exemption of customary law from prohibition of discrimination Customary law — succession — heir at customary law — whether female able to inherit late father’s estate Human rights — women’s rights — discrimination on the grounds of sex — whether Legal Age of Majority Act had created positive rights or had only removed legal disabilities The deceased died intestate. His estate consisted of a house and some cattle. He had entered into marriages with two wives, both marriages being according to African law and custom. The appellant, a female, had been born 1941 and was the child of the deceased’s first wife. The respondent, a male, had been born in 1946 and was the child of the deceased’s second wife. The appellant was thus the eldest child of the deceased. The respondent was not the eldest male child of the deceased, but the eldest male child had declined the heirship. A community court had originally appointed the appellant as heir to the estate, but on application from the respondent to the community court, the appointment of the appellant had been set aside and, after a hearing at which all...
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...Module Code: Introduction to Media Management Brief evaluation of the newspaper industry Contents Executive Summary 3 Sector Structure 3 Consumer Behaviour 6 Current Issues 8 Summary 12 References 14 Bibliography 15 Executive Summary Both newspaper publishing and journalism have changed dramatically over the years, socioeconomic groupings have altered and papers have had to adapt to these evolutionary changes . The question is not whether newspapers are going to continue, but how the publishing industry will adapts. Research shows that newspapers are now charging for online content, but more importantly that consumers are willing to pay. Sector Structure Up to date news that is recorded and presented to a consumer is classified as a newspaper, typically through the print medium, on inexpensive newsprint paper, typically sold through retail stands. The industry is divided into two main formats: ‘broadsheets’, sometimes known as ‘the quality press’, more formal and better respected than those taken less seriously which are known as ‘tabloids’. There are also a number of national newspapers funded solely by advertising which are free to the public, for example The Evening Standard, The Metro and City AM. Product portfolio: The following list shows the eight mainstream publishers of national newspapers within the UK, and...
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